Population studies, physiological state and mortality factors of overwintering adult populations of females of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. A. Onyeka ◽  
P. F. L. Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe biology of overwintering populations of adults of Culex pipiens L. was studied between October 1977 and April 1980 in southern England. Data obtained from population studies showed that there was a rapid build-up at the beginning of hibernation in August, reaching a peak in late October-early November each year and gradually decreasing from December. Extensive movement both in and out and within the hibernation site occurred, with many individuals changing their locations or hibernacula during the course of hibernation. Studies on induced feeding showed that in the early months of hibernation (August-October) exposure to constant light for a minimum period of 12 days was required before the females would take a blood-meal. This period decreased during the course of hibernation. Observations on the physiological condition of hibernating females revealed that up to 90% of the population were inseminated. A few parous females entered hibernation shelters at the onset of winter but did not survive the winter. Furthermore, females used up about 80% of their fat food reserves during hibernation, while there was little or no change in the quantity of glycogen present. From an assessment of the impact of mortality factors on a population of known size, it was observed that exodus from the hibernation shelters accounted for about 30% reduction in the population size while depletion of food reserves and predation by spiders accounted for approximately 15 and 20% mortality, respectively.

scholarly journals Physiological state of reused brewing yeast

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kordialik-Bogacka ◽  
A. Diowksz
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Brewing Yeast ◽  
Flavour Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Is Strain

In brewing, yeast may be reused many times. A number of yeast repitchings differs significantly among the breweries. Adjusting the number of times a strain may be serially repitched is of great importance for quality and consistency of final products. The fermentative and physiological characteristics of the yeast culture used in successive laboratory scale fermentations were determined. Yeast physiological state was assessed by the measurement of the levels of intracellular carbohydrates. In our investigation there were not any detectable changes in yeast capacity to ferment. No significant variation in the production of flavour compounds was found either. However, intracellular glycogen and trehalose contents were dependant on the yeast strain, generation number and wort gravity. Nevertheless, an alteration in the yeast physiological condition during serial repitchings occurred in a different mode than in previous studies confirming that the impact of serial repitchings is strain and medium dependent to a large extent.  

Recent data on the causative agent of pale green dwarf (Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum incertae sedis) in Ukraine: pathogenicityand virulence factors and host reactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
K. Korobkova ◽  
V. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Signaling Interactions ◽  
Pale Green

Contemporary state of the distribution of mycoplasma diseases of cultivated crops in Ukraine was analyzed. The changes of the physiological state of plant cells under the impact of mollicutes were investigated. It was demonstrated that there is temporary increase in the activity of peroxidase, catalase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase at the early stages of interaction. The adhesive properties are changed in the mollicutes under the impact of plant lectin; there is synthesis of new polypeptides. It was determined that the phytopathogenic acholeplasma is capable of producing a complex of proteolytic enzymes into the culture me- dium. It was concluded that when plant cells are infected with acholeplasma, a number of signaling interactions and metabolic transformations condition the recognition of pathogenesis and ensure the aggregate response of a plant to stress in the form of defense reactions. It was assumed that some specifi cities of the biology of phy- topathogenic acholeplasma determine their avoiding the immune mechanisms of plants and promote long-term persistence of mollicutes.

Stages of the formation of temporary and permanent occlusion and the impact of early tooth extraction on the dentition state. Literature review

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
G.A. Murachueva ◽  
I.M. Rasulov ◽  
S.G. Gusenov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Permanent Occlusion ◽  
The Impact

A review of the literature on the stages of the formation of temporary and permanent occlusion has been performed. This stages play an important role not only for the full development of the maxillofacial apparatus, temporomandibular joint, but also the whole organism. The role of early tooth extraction in the formation of the physiological state of the dentoalveolar system is considered. The conclusion is drawn about the need for a deeper study of this problem in the structure of general dental morbidity.

scholarly journals Assessment Model Impact of Climate Change on Potential Production for Food and Energy Needs for the Coastal Areas of Bengkulu, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Eko Sumartono ◽  
Gita Mulyasari ◽  
Ketut Sukiyono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
The Impact

Bengkulu is said to be the center of the world's climate because of the influence of water conditions and the topography of the area where the rain cloud formation starts. The waters in Bengkulu Province become a meeting place for four ocean currents which eventually become an area where the evaporation process of forming rain clouds becomes the rainy or dry season and affects the world climate. Method to analyze descriptively, shows oldeman Classification and satellite rainfall estimation data is added. In relation to the Analysis of Potential Food Availability for the Coastal Areas of Bengkulu Province uses a quantifiable descriptive analysis method based. The results show that most are included in the Oldeman A1 climate zone, which means it is suitable for continuous rice but less production due to generally low radiation intensity throughout the year. In an effort to reduce or eliminate the impact of climate change on food crop production, it is necessary to suggest crop diversification, crop rotation, and the application of production enhancement technologies. Strategies in building food availability as a result of climate change are: First, develop food supplies originating from regional production and food reserves on a provincial scale. Second, Empowering small-scale food businesses which are the dominant characteristics of the agricultural economy, especially lowland rice and horticultural crops. Third, Increase technology dissemination and increase the capacity of farmers in adopting appropriate technology to increase crop productivity and business efficiency. Four, Promote the reduction of food loss through the use of food handling, processing and distribution technologies. 

Induction of transport of organic anions in Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Maddrell ◽  
B. O. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Protein Rich

1.The ability of Rhodnius Malpighian tubules to transport organic anions such as p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and amaranth depends on the physiological state of the insect. Unfed insects progressively lose this ability, but the transport mechanisms rapidly become activated after a blood meal. 2. This induction occurs in adults as well as larval instars and is not prevented by decapitation. 3. No increase in rates of excretion of organic anions follows a meal of Ringer's solution or a single injection of 0–1 mumoles of PAH into the haemolymph. 4. Accelerated PAH excretion is induced in insects fed (a) blood plasma alone or a suspension of red blood cells in saline, (b) solutions of serum albumin or casein, and (c) whole or diluted milk. 5. These results show that the ingestion of a protein-rich meal is sufficient to induce an accelerated transport of organic anions such as PAH and they suggest that this induction is not controlled by a hormone released in response to abdominal distension but depends instead on the continued presence in the haemolymph of some product of digestion of the meal.

Analyzing the Performance and Efficiency of IT-Compliant Audit Module Using Clustering Methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 351-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soobia Saeed ◽  
N. Z. Jhanjhi ◽  
Mehmood Naqvi ◽  
Mamoona Humayun ◽  
Vasaki Ponnusamy
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
The Impact

Human beings have a knack for errors. Counter-effective actions rendered to specify and rectify such errors in a minimum period of time are required when effectiveness and swift advancement depends on the capability of acknowledging the faults and errors and repair quickly. The software as audit module application in IT complaint is in review in this commentary as is another significant instrument created in the field of data analysis that digs deep into quickly and successfully assessing the imprecisions or grievances identified by the users in a certain company. The target of this study is to evaluate the statistical significance in relationship between client reporting attitude and client reliability and to evaluate the impact of strong responsiveness on client reliability, to measure the statistically noteworthy effect of client grievance conduct on service quality, and to test the impact of service quality on client dedication.

scholarly journals Choosing Mutation and Crossover Ratios for Genetic Algorithms—A Review with a New Dynamic Approach

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassanat ◽  
Khalid Almohammadi ◽  
Esra’a Alkafaween ◽  
Eman Abunawas ◽  
Awni Hammouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Mutation Operators ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crossover And Mutation

Genetic algorithm (GA) is an artificial intelligence search method that uses the process of evolution and natural selection theory and is under the umbrella of evolutionary computing algorithm. It is an efficient tool for solving optimization problems. Integration among (GA) parameters is vital for successful (GA) search. Such parameters include mutation and crossover rates in addition to population that are important issues in (GA). However, each operator of GA has a special and different influence. The impact of these factors is influenced by their probabilities; it is difficult to predefine specific ratios for each parameter, particularly, mutation and crossover operators. This paper reviews various methods for choosing mutation and crossover ratios in GAs. Next, we define new deterministic control approaches for crossover and mutation rates, namely Dynamic Decreasing of high mutation ratio/dynamic increasing of low crossover ratio (DHM/ILC), and Dynamic Increasing of Low Mutation/Dynamic Decreasing of High Crossover (ILM/DHC). The dynamic nature of the proposed methods allows the ratios of both crossover and mutation operators to be changed linearly during the search progress, where (DHM/ILC) starts with 100% ratio for mutations, and 0% for crossovers. Both mutation and crossover ratios start to decrease and increase, respectively. By the end of the search process, the ratios will be 0% for mutations and 100% for crossovers. (ILM/DHC) worked the same but the other way around. The proposed approach was compared with two parameters tuning methods (predefined), namely fifty-fifty crossover/mutation ratios, and the most common approach that uses static ratios such as (0.03) mutation rates and (0.9) crossover rates. The experiments were conducted on ten Traveling Salesman Problems (TSP). The experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed (DHM/ILC) when dealing with small population size, while the proposed (ILM/DHC) was found to be more effective when using large population size. In fact, both proposed dynamic methods outperformed the predefined methods compared in most cases tested.

scholarly journals Assessment of Equity in Access to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Centres in Poland

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Rój ◽  
Maciej Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Invasive Cardiology ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyse the disparities in the distribution of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centres in Poland and the impact of eventual inequities on access to the invasive treatment of acute myocardial infarctions (AMI). To examine the distribution of PCI centres against population size and geographic size in Poland, the Gini coefficient calculated based on the Lorenz Curve was engaged. In addition, the regression function was employed to estimate the impact of distribution of PCI centres on access to invasive procedures (coronarographies and primary percutaneous coronary intervention). Data were collected from the public statistical system and Polish National Health Fund database for the year 2018. The relation and the level of equity was measured based on the aggregated data at a district (voivodeship) level. The results of the Gini coefficient analysis show that the distribution of invasive cardiology units measured against population size is more equitable than when measured against geographic size. In addition, the regression analysis shows the moderate size of the positive correlation between number of PCI centres per 100,000 population and the number of all categories of the invasive treatment of AMI per 100,000 population, and the lack of similar correlation in case of the number of PCI centres expressed per 1000 km2, which could be evidence of an insufficiency of PCI centres in areas where the concentration of PCI centres per 100,000 population is lower. The main implication for policy makers that results from this research is the need for a correction of PCI centres distribution per 100,000 inhabitants to ensure better access to invasive procedures.

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