scholarly journals Physiological state of reused brewing yeast

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kordialik-Bogacka ◽  
A. Diowksz
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Brewing Yeast ◽  
Flavour Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Is Strain

In brewing, yeast may be reused many times. A number of yeast repitchings differs significantly among the breweries. Adjusting the number of times a strain may be serially repitched is of great importance for quality and consistency of final products. The fermentative and physiological characteristics of the yeast culture used in successive laboratory scale fermentations were determined. Yeast physiological state was assessed by the measurement of the levels of intracellular carbohydrates. In our investigation there were not any detectable changes in yeast capacity to ferment. No significant variation in the production of flavour compounds was found either. However, intracellular glycogen and trehalose contents were dependant on the yeast strain, generation number and wort gravity. Nevertheless, an alteration in the yeast physiological condition during serial repitchings occurred in a different mode than in previous studies confirming that the impact of serial repitchings is strain and medium dependent to a large extent.  

Population studies, physiological state and mortality factors of overwintering adult populations of females of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. A. Onyeka ◽  
P. F. L. Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe biology of overwintering populations of adults of Culex pipiens L. was studied between October 1977 and April 1980 in southern England. Data obtained from population studies showed that there was a rapid build-up at the beginning of hibernation in August, reaching a peak in late October-early November each year and gradually decreasing from December. Extensive movement both in and out and within the hibernation site occurred, with many individuals changing their locations or hibernacula during the course of hibernation. Studies on induced feeding showed that in the early months of hibernation (August-October) exposure to constant light for a minimum period of 12 days was required before the females would take a blood-meal. This period decreased during the course of hibernation. Observations on the physiological condition of hibernating females revealed that up to 90% of the population were inseminated. A few parous females entered hibernation shelters at the onset of winter but did not survive the winter. Furthermore, females used up about 80% of their fat food reserves during hibernation, while there was little or no change in the quantity of glycogen present. From an assessment of the impact of mortality factors on a population of known size, it was observed that exodus from the hibernation shelters accounted for about 30% reduction in the population size while depletion of food reserves and predation by spiders accounted for approximately 15 and 20% mortality, respectively.

scholarly journals codY and pdhA Expression Is Induced in Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm and Planktonic Populations With Higher Proportions of Viable but Non-Culturable Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Gaio ◽  
Nathalie Lopes ◽  
Nuno Cerca ◽  
Angela França
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Is Strain

Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm cells can enter a physiological state known as viable but non-culturable (VBNC), where, despite being alive, they do not grow in conventional laboratory media. As such, the presence of VBNC cells impacts the diagnosis of S. epidermidis biofilm-associated infections. Previous transcriptomics analysis of S. epidermidis strain 9142 biofilms with higher proportions of VBNC cells suggested that the genes pdhA, codY and mazEF could be involved in the induction of the VBNC state. However, it was previously demonstrated that VBNC induction is strain-dependent. To properly assess the role of these genes in VBNC induction, the construction of mutant strains is necessary. Thus, herein, we assessed if VBNC cells could be induced in strain 1457, a strain amenable to genetic manipulation, and if the previously identified genes were involved in the modulation of the VBNC state in this strain. Furthermore, we evaluated the formation of VBNC cells on planktonic cultures. Our results showed that despite being commonly associated with biofilms, the proportion of VBNC cells can be modulated in both biofilm and planktonic cultures and that the expression of codY and pdhA was upregulated under VBNC inducing conditions in both phenotypes. Overall, our study revealed that the formation of VBNC cells in S. epidermidis is independent of the mode of growth and that the genes codY and pdhA seem to be relevant for the regulation of this physiological condition.

Recent data on the causative agent of pale green dwarf (Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum incertae sedis) in Ukraine: pathogenicityand virulence factors and host reactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
K. Korobkova ◽  
V. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Signaling Interactions ◽  
Pale Green

Contemporary state of the distribution of mycoplasma diseases of cultivated crops in Ukraine was analyzed. The changes of the physiological state of plant cells under the impact of mollicutes were investigated. It was demonstrated that there is temporary increase in the activity of peroxidase, catalase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase at the early stages of interaction. The adhesive properties are changed in the mollicutes under the impact of plant lectin; there is synthesis of new polypeptides. It was determined that the phytopathogenic acholeplasma is capable of producing a complex of proteolytic enzymes into the culture me- dium. It was concluded that when plant cells are infected with acholeplasma, a number of signaling interactions and metabolic transformations condition the recognition of pathogenesis and ensure the aggregate response of a plant to stress in the form of defense reactions. It was assumed that some specifi cities of the biology of phy- topathogenic acholeplasma determine their avoiding the immune mechanisms of plants and promote long-term persistence of mollicutes.

Stages of the formation of temporary and permanent occlusion and the impact of early tooth extraction on the dentition state. Literature review

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
G.A. Murachueva ◽  
I.M. Rasulov ◽  
S.G. Gusenov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Permanent Occlusion ◽  
The Impact

A review of the literature on the stages of the formation of temporary and permanent occlusion has been performed. This stages play an important role not only for the full development of the maxillofacial apparatus, temporomandibular joint, but also the whole organism. The role of early tooth extraction in the formation of the physiological state of the dentoalveolar system is considered. The conclusion is drawn about the need for a deeper study of this problem in the structure of general dental morbidity.

scholarly journals Influence of L. thermotolerans and S. cerevisiae Commercial Yeast Sequential Inoculation on Aroma Composition of Red Wines (Cv Trnjak, Babic, Blatina and Frankovka)

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ana-Marija Jagatić Korenika ◽  
Ivana Tomaz ◽  
Darko Preiner ◽  
Marina Lavrić ◽  
Branimir Šimić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Volatile Phenol ◽  
Sequential Inoculation ◽  
Commercial Yeast ◽  
The Impact

Even though Saccharomyces cerevisiae starter cultures are still largely used nowadays, the non-Saccharomyces contribution is re-evaluated, showing positive enological characteristics. Among them, Lachancea thermotolerans is one of the key yeast species that are desired for their contribution to wine sensory characteristics. The main goal of this work was to explore the impact of L. thermotolerans commercial yeast strain used in sequential inoculation with S. cerevisiae commercial yeast on the main enological parameters and volatile aroma profile of Trnjak, Babić, Blatina, and Frankovka red wines and compare it with wines produced by the use of S. cerevisiae commercial yeast strain. In all sequential fermented wines, lactic acid concentrations were significantly higher, ranging from 0.20 mg/L in Trnjak up to 0.92 mg/L in Frankovka wines, while reducing alcohol levels from 0.1% v/v in Trnjak up to 0.9% v/v in Frankovka wines. Among volatile compounds, a significant increase of ethyl lactate and isobutyl acetate, geraniol, and geranyl acetate was detected in all wines made by use of L. thermotolerans. In Babić wines, the strongest influence of sequential fermentation was connected with higher total terpenes and total ester concentrations, while Trnjak sequentially fermented wines stood up with higher total aldehyde, volatile phenol, and total lactone concentrations. Control wines, regardless of variety, stood up with higher concentrations of total higher alcohols, especially isoamyl alcohol. The present work contributed to a better understanding of the fermentation possibilities of selected non-Saccharomyces strains in the overall red wine quality modeling.

Impact of Environmental (E), Social (S) and Governance (G) Factors on Return Distribution

Paradigm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Subrata Roy
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Return Distribution ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Monthly Return ◽  
Return Distributions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Period ◽  
G Factors

The present study seeks to examine the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors on return distributions of the sustainable responsible indices (SRI). Here, four SRI indices are considered and then daily monthly return is computed for further analysis. The data period ranges are between December 1998 and March 2016. The study uses dummy variable approaches to examine the various impacts of ESG factors on return distribution depending on various situations. It is observed that ESG factors do not have any significant variation on return distribution except in few cases.

scholarly journals Physiological State, Growth Mode, and Oxidative Stress Play a Role in Cd(II)-Mediated Inhibition of Nitrosomonas europaea 19718

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2447-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Chandran ◽  
Nancy G. Love
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nitrosomonas Europaea ◽  
Growth Mode ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Growth Modes ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to determine the impact of physiological growth states (batch exponential and batch stationary growth) and growth modes (substrate-limited chemostat, substrate-sufficient exponential batch, and substrate-depleted stationary batch growth) on several measures of growth and responses to Cd(II)-mediated inhibition of Nitrosomonas europaea strain 19718. The specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR) was the most sensitive indicator of inhibition among the different responses analyzed, including total cell abundance, membrane integrity, intracellular 16S rRNA/DNA ratio, and amoA expression. This observation remained true irrespective of the physiological state, the growth mode, or the mode of Cd(II) exposure. Based on the sOUR, a strong time-dependent exacerbation of inhibition (in terms of an inhibition coefficient [Ki ]) in exponential batch cultures was observed. Long-term inhibition levels (based on Ki estimates) in metabolically active chemostat and exponential batch cultures were also especially severe and comparable. In contrast, the inhibition level in stationary-phase cultures was 10-fold lower and invariable with exposure time. Different strategies for surviving substrate limitation (a 10-fold increase in amoA expression) and starvation (the retention of 16S rRNA levels) in N. europaea cultures were observed. amoA expression was most negatively impacted by Cd(II) exposure in the chemostat cultures, was less impacted in exponential batch cultures, and was least impacted in stationary batch cultures. Although the amoA response was consistent with that of the sOUR, the amoA response was not as strong. The intracellular 16S rRNA/DNA ratio, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, also did not uniformly correlate with the sOUR under conditions of inhibition or no inhibition. Finally, Cd(II)-mediated inhibition of N. europaea was attributed partially to oxidative stress.

Effects of age and education on variable but native heritage grammars: Theoretical and empirical implications for the Null Subject Parameter

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-467
Author(s):  
Katrin Schmitz ◽  
Anna-Lena Scherger
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Language Change ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Null Subjects ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Null Subject Parameter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Implications

AbstractIn this contribution, we investigate the impact of language-internal and language-external factors on the parametrized grammatical domain of (null) subjects in adult Italian heritage speakers (HS, n=16). Based on empirical evidence from correlation analyses comparing these speakers´ spontaneous speech to monolingual Italians (n=10), we determine the kind and extent of variation in monolingual and bilingual adult end-state grammars. We will show that there is indeed a significant variation in the null subject production of the HS related to the factors age and education which is, however, constrained to contexts of 1st grammatical person. This observation cannot be taken to represent incomplete acquisition but rather a discourse and possibly situation-related competent behaviour. We propose that end-state HS grammars are characterized by a full grammatical and pragmatic competence, combined with a larger variation of language-externally determined preferences than monolinguals show. This does not call the native end-state competence of HS into question but opens the door for potential changes in future bilingual generations. We further discuss the implications for language acquisition theory and language change in terms of stability.

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