Notes on Culicine Mosquitos in Tanganyika Territory

1942 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Victor Harris
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Constant Period ◽  
Domestic Breeding

The examination of mosquito larvae collected by house searchers on Stegomyia control measures in Dar-es-Salaam, the largest town in Tanganyika, shows that Aëdes aegypti is definitely the predominant domestic breeder there. The other species of the genus Aëdes encountered are listed with their frequencies.Similarly the examination of larvae found in tree-holes in Dar-es-Salaam shows that Aëdes aegypti, A. simpsoni and A. metallicus are regularly encountered.A system of obtaining an index of the population density of both A. aegypti and A. simpsoni, unconnected with the actual process of Stegomyia control measures, is described. This would be applicable to smaller towns, rural districts, and towns in high rainfall areas where A. aegypti is not the only danger as a yellow fever vector, and where extra-domestic breeding is important. The system is based on the exposure of a fixed number of bamboo pots containing water for a constant period of days, to attract egg-laying female mosquitos. Species of mosquitos and their frequencies obtained in a series of trials are given.

scholarly journals Aedes aegypti: egg morphology and embryonic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Miranda Mundim-Pombo ◽  
Hianka Jasmyne Costa de Carvalho ◽  
Rafaela Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽  
Marisol León ◽  
Durvanei Augusto Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Egg Morphology

Abstract Background The diseases for which Aedes aegypti is a vector are worrisome. The high vector competence of this mosquito, as well as its anthropophilia and ability to adapt to the urban environment, allows it to exploit many habitats, making its prevention an arduous task. Despite current disease control measures focused on the mosquito, the effectiveness in containing its dispersion still requires improvement; thus greater knowledge about this insect is fundamental. Methods Aedes aegypti egg morphology and embryonic development were analyzed from eggs of the insectary of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo. Optical (light and confocal) and electronic (transmission and scanning) microscopy were used to analyze the morphological and ultrastructural features of the eggs. Embryos were observed in the initial (0–20.5 h after egg-laying), intermediate (20.6–40.1 h after egg-laying), and final (40.2–61.6 h) stages of development, and kept at a temperature of 28 °C ± 1 °C until collection for processing. Results Eggs of Ae. aegypti were whitish at the time of oviposition, and then quickly became black. The egg length was 581.45 ± 39.73 μm and the width was 175.36 ± 11.59. Access to the embryo was difficult due to the egg morphology, point of embryonic development, and difficult permeability of the exochorion (mainly in fixation). Only about 5% of the collected eggs were successfully processed. In the initial stage of embryonic development, characteristics suggestive of intense cellular activity were found. In the intermediate stage, the beginning of the segmentation process was evident. In the final phase, it was possible to differentiate the cephalic region and the thoracic and abdominal segments. Conclusion The chorion was found to be an important protective barrier and a limiting factor for the evaluation of the embryos and mosquito embryonic cells, indicating that further studies need to be carried out to identify the reason that this occurs. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Tree holes as larval habitats for Aedes aegypti in public areas in Aguaray, Salta province, Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Mangudo ◽  
Juan P. Aparicio ◽  
Raquel M. Gleiser
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Tree Holes

scholarly journals Territorial analysis of Aedes aegypti distribution in two Colombian cities: a chorematic and ecosystem approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Fuentes-Vallejo ◽  
Diana Rocío Higuera-Mendieta ◽  
Tatiana García-Betancourt ◽  
Lucas Andrés Alcalá-Espinosa ◽  
Diana García-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Vector Density ◽  
Density Indices ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Territorial Analysis

A territorial analysis of Aedes aegypti density was conducted in two Colombian cities using an ecosystem and chorematic approach. Entomological and behavioral data (by cluster) and information on the urban context were used to analyze the relationship between territorial structures and dynamics and vector density. The results were represented in graphic (chorematic) models. Arauca showed higher vector density than Armenia. Higher density was related to unplanned urbanization, flood-prone areas, low socioeconomic strata, household water tanks, higher temperature, and recall of control measures for adult mosquitos. Zones with low density indices coincided with diverse socioeconomic, ecological, and behavioral conditions. The study found a relationship between territorial structures and dynamics and vector density in both Arauca and Armenia, where the interaction between ecological and social systems shape areas with high and low A. aegypti density.

Density Distributions of Hoppers of the Red Locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serv.) (Orth., Acrid.), in Relation to Control by Insecticides

1958 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Scheepers ◽  
B. J. Eyssell ◽  
D. L. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nomadacris Septemfasciata ◽  
Red Locust ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insecticide Control

In continuation of a study of the process of swarm formation in the Red Locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serv.), to enable rational plans for control measures to be made, the population distribution of about 44½ million hoppers of the Red Locust was investigated in an observation area of 1,052 acres in the Iku outbreak area of the Rukwa Valley, Tanganyika Territory, from 18th January to 24th February 1957. to see if the hoppers showed a tendency to concentrate, which would have the effect of producing, immediately after the last moult, adult swarms from hoppers that were originally more scattered. From 25th January onwards, the estimated population remained constant in numbers. Densities over 50 per sq. yd. were unusual and, taking any continuous infestation over one per sq. yd. as a band, the mean density of hoppers in bands was 15 per sq. yd. There was a tendency for such bands to become larger by fusion and for the area quite free from locusts to increase slightly but the number of dispersed locusts increased. There would therefore have been no advantage in withholding insecticide control in the hope of attacking denser and more economical targets. Nevertheless, such populations have to be controlled.In the Red Locust, under the conditions described, it seems probable that the behaviour of the young adults is most important in the formation of dense swarms, while in certain other species but not in the Red Locust, concentrated egg-laying and the behaviour of the hoppers are also important.Investigations are required on more economical enumeration of patchy gregarious distributions.

scholarly journals The effect of different selection intensities on selection response in egg-laying of Tribolium castaneum

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ruano ◽  
F. Orozco ◽  
C. López-Fanjul
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Rate Of Response ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out to test the effect of varying selection intensity on the response to individual selection with a fixed number of individuals scored per generation. The selected trait was egg laying of virgin females of Tribolium castaneum scored from the 7th to the 1 lth day after adult emergence. Five different selected proportions of females were considered (5, 10, 20, 33 and 50%) and each treatment was represented by two replicate lines. Control lines were maintained throughout the experiment. The lines selected at the lowest proportions (5 and 10%) led to the largest initial gains, but the largest final gains were achieved, by the lines where the proportions selected were 10 and 20%, in agreement with theory. Lines where the proportion selected was 50% gave the lowest rate of response over the period considered (32 generations). A good agreement was found between predicted and realized short-term responses to selection. Prediction at later stages of selection deteriorated in the most strongly selected lines mainly due to the levels of inbreeding attained.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTINUITY TYPE SUPPORTED BY JENTIK Aedes aegypti IN REGIONAL WORKING PUSKESMAS BULILI

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Budiman Budiman ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Breeding Place

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a severe and potentially lethal dengue virus infection. DHF control measures can be performed on adult mosquitoes or in larvae. Controlling the larval stage can be done by cutting the chain of transmission of dengue disease through containers that made Aedes aegypti mosquitoes laying and breeding. This study aims to determine the preferred container characteristics of larva Aedes aegypti in the work area of Puskesmas Bulili, South Palu District. This research will be carried out in the work area of Puskes Puskesmas Public Health Center by using spot survey method by observing all containers potentially become Aedes aegypti larvae breeding place in research location. The variables under study will be presented in descriptive form by describing the environmental characteristics of containers preferred by Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae ranging from type, base material and container location. The results showed that the type of container favored by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is the type of bathtub with a base material made of plastic and the location of the container inside the community house.Keywords : DHF, Container, Aedes aegypti

scholarly journals Larvicidal activity of phytoextracts against dengue fever vector, Aedes aegypti - A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalarikkal Venugopalan Lakshmi ◽  
Ambalaparambil Vasu Sudhikumar ◽  
Embalil Mathachan Aneesh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Efficient Control

Since Aedes aegypti is considered as the major vector of dengue fever, development of strategies to accomplish improved vector control without much interference in the environment composition are more common. As phytochemicals are now in the run for achieving this goal, this review is a humble attempt to recognize the plant species and their larvicidal efficacy with their inhibitory action on the life cycle of the species of interest, that has been documented through various studies conducted till date. Here we also discuss the synergistic impact of a number of phytoextracts which will provide more efficient control measures for mosquito vectors. All these studies are an exploration for a risk-free vector control tactic to replace the current chemical insecticide application for the betterment of our nature.

scholarly journals Outbreak investigation of viral exanthem in Jharkhand, India: an eye opener for surveillance managers and vaccine policy makers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4756
Author(s):  
Sahir Pall ◽  
Dewesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Number ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
Surveillance Mechanism

Background: Chicken pox outbreaks are frequent in tribal state of Jharkhand but rarely they are reported and investigated. Based on the preliminary information from field about the spurt of fever with rash cases in the inmates of a residential school, an outbreak investigation was undertaken to establish the disease outbreak and take appropriate steps of control and prevention of further transmission.Methods: The outbreak investigation using shoe-leather epidemiology was carried out in the month of March 2016 accordingly the standard steps of investigation in Chakulia block of Jharkhand, India and a fixed number of blood samples were sent to the apex medical institute of Jharkhand for its confirmation by laboratory tests. Concurrently control and preventive steps were taken to check further transmission of the viral exanthem.Results: A total of 79 cases satisfying the case definition occurred in the present outbreak and serum samples were collected from 7 patients for detection of VZV IgM antibodies by ELISA. Out of the total samples tested, five samples showed positive serology for VZV IgM. This confirmed the outbreak of Chickenpox in the KGBV, Chakulia.Conclusions: There is a desperate need of strengthening surveillance mechanism and field workers should be motivated for reporting cases timely so that the transmission of any viral exanthem may be checked at the earliest by application of control measures.

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