Taxonomy of the Telenomus busseolae species-complex (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) egg parasitoids of cereal stem borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Pyralidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Polaszek ◽  
Jackson A. Ubeku ◽  
Nilsa A. Bosque-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractMorphological studies of different populations of what was previously considered to be a single species, Telenomus busseolae Gahan, revealed a complex of three distinct species. A total of four species were found to belong to this complex, all of which are egg parasitoids of stem boring Lepidoptera belonging to the closely related noctuid genera Busseola and Sesamia, with a single record from the pyralid stem borer genus Coniesta. All these host genera are of major economic importance as cereal pests. Two of the four Telenomus spp. are fully sympatric with regard to distribution, hosts and oviposition period. Two species, Telenomus isis and Telenomus nagarajae, are described as new.

scholarly journals A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2754 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARC RIUS ◽  
PETER R. TESKE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solitary Ascidian ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Dorsal Tubercle

Pyura stolonifera is a large solitary ascidian found in Africa, Australasia and South America. The taxonomic status of different populations of this species is disputed, especially since there is evidence for several distinct morphological and genetic units that point towards the existence of multiple cryptic species. While some researchers still recognize P. stolonifera as a single species, others treat the different populations as distinct species. Here, we present a revision of the P. stolonifera species complex based on the examination of samples from all regions where there are reliable reports of this taxon. We recognize four species that are both morphologically and genetically distinct, one of which is new to science and is formally described here. This species is morphologically distinct from the other three members of the species complex in terms of the colour and texture of the tunic, the arrangement of the gonads within the gut and the shape of the dorsal tubercle, among other characters. We name the new species Pyura dalbyi after Dr. J.E. Dalby Jr., whose research on its ecology and distribution provided the incentive for examining this species more closely.

Taxonomic problems in the Aphanogmus hakonensis species complex; (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) common hyperparasitoids in biocontrol programmes against lepidopterous pests in the tropics

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Polaszek ◽  
Paul Dessart
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractMorphological studies of different populations of what was previously considered to be a single species, Aphanogmus hakonensis Ashmead, revealed the presence of a complex of species which are extremely difficult to distinguish without detailed studies of male genitalia. Several of these species have been misidentified during biological control programmes or parasitoid surveys. These misidentifications are corrected, and two new species, Aphanogmus captiosus and Aphanogmus thylax are described. The hakonensis-complex is diagnosed. As far as is known, all species are hyperparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae via various hymenopteran or dipteran primary parasitoids.

A review of the Afrotropical sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi: a complex species.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (036) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Albertha Charles
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Ornithodoros Savignyi ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi (Audouin, 1827), is an economically important soft tick of the Afrotropics parasitising a wide range of livestock and humans. These ticks are known to inflict painful bites which may be fatal in susceptible hosts. Historically thought to be a single species, Ornithodoros savignyi is now considered to be a complex of four tick subspecies based on molecular and morphological studies. They include Ornithodoros (Ornithodoros) kalahariensis, O. (O.) pavimentosus, O. (O.) noorsveldensis and O. (O.) savignyi. As such there may be significant implications for previous biological studies conducted on this tick. Therefore, for the purposes of this review, sand tampan toxicosis and potentially useful biological molecules have been discussed for O. (O.) savignyi sensu lato since most reported work was based on ticks collected from the Kalahari and Lake Chad region. An overview of the host range and vector biology for the O. (O.) savignyi species complex will also be examined.

scholarly journals Bigger, Faster, Stronger: Implications of Inter-Species Interactions for IRM of Lepidopteran Pests of Bt Maize in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Visser ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Single Species ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract A hypothetical scenario of mixed populations of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was used as a model to investigate the potential effects of mixed populations of lepidopteran pests, on the design and implementation of insect resistance management (IRM) strategies for Bt maize (L.) (Poaceae) on smallholder farms in Africa. To predict the structure of such mixed populations in different agroecological zones, the biological and behavioral characteristics that affect the competitiveness of these species were identified and analyzed. Additionally, the validity of the assumptions that underlie the high-dose/refuge strategy was compared among the three species. Differences between the species, and the influence thereof on the choice of IRM strategy for a specific environment, were explored through analysis of three hypothetical scenarios. We suggest that the use of separate refuges as a component of an IRM strategy against mixed pest populations in smallholder Bt maize fields may be unwise. A seed mixture approach, coupled with an effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, would be more practical and sensible since it could limit the opportunity for a single species to dominate the species complex. The dynamic interactions in a multi-species community and domination of the species complex by a single species may influence moth and larval response to maize plants, which could lead to an increased infestation of Bt plants, and subsequent increased selection pressure for resistance evolution. This article provides insights into the unique challenges that face the deployment of Bt maize in Africa.

scholarly journals Genetic and morphological studies ofTrichosirocalusspecies introduced to North America, Australia and New Zealand for the biological control of thistles

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Biase ◽  
E. Colonnelli ◽  
S. Belvedere ◽  
A. La Marca ◽  
M. Cristofaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Morphological Studies

AbstractTrichosirocalus horridussensu lato has been used as a biological control agent of several invasive thistles (Carduusspp.,Cirsiumspp. andOnopordumspp.) since 1974. It has been recognized as a single species until 2002, when it was split into three species based on morphological characters:T. horridus, Trichosirocalus brieseiandTrichosirocalus mortadelo, each purported to have different host plants. Because of this taxonomic change, uncertainty exists as to which species were released in various countries; furthermore, there appears to be some exceptions to the purported host plants of some of these species. To resolve these questions, we conducted an integrative taxonomic study of theT. horridusspecies complex using molecular genetic and morphological analyses of specimens from three continents. Both mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear elongation factor 1α markers clearly indicate that there are only two distinct species,T. horridusandT. briesei. Molecular evidence, morphological analysis and host plant associations support the synonymy ofT. horridus(Panzer, 1801) andT. mortadeloAlonso-Zarazaga & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2002. We determine thatT. horridushas been established in Canada, USA, New Zealand and Australia and thatT. brieseiis established in Australia. The former species was collected fromCarduus, CirsiumandOnopordumspp. in the field, whereas the latter appears to be specific toOnopordum.

A REVISION OF THE LASIONYCTA SKRAELINGIA (HERRICH-SCHÄFFER) SPECIES COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 903-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Lafontaine ◽  
V.S. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Kolyma River

AbstractThe Lasionycta skraelingia (H.-S.) species complex, formerly considered to include only one species, is shown to consist of six species. Three species (Lasionycta buraetica Kononenko, from the Sayan Mountains, USSR; L. corax Kononenko from the Upper Kolyma River area, USSR; and L. taigata Lafontaine from northern Canada) are described as new. The name L. alpicola, proposed by Hampson as an aberration of L. skraelingia, is validated as a species. The taxon Lasionycta phaea (Hampson), currently treated as a subspecies of L. impingens (Walker), is shown to be a distinct species in the L. skraelingia complex; a lectotype is designated for Anarta phaea Hampson. Adults and genitalia are illustrated for the six species; a key to species and distribution maps are also included. Lasionycta membrosa (Morrison, 1875) is placed in synonymy with L. subdita (Möschler, 1860).

Simplification of a species complex: Two new species of Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) previously attributed to Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) in Florida, U.S.A.

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine N White
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Two New Species

Abstract Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) has long been thought of as a cosmopolitan species; however, relatively recent morphological studies have discovered a species complex previously attributed to L. spinicarpa. Despite this, several species remain hardly distinguishable from the general leucothoid form of L. spinicarpa. Morphological analyses reveal two distinct species in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, which is supported by molecular mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA data. Leucothoe tunicasp. nov. and L. machidaisp. nov. are described herein. Analyses of DNA sequences from specimens from Tampa Bay, FL, Big Pine Key, FL, and Belize of L. tunicasp. nov. demonstrate intraspecific genetic structure in morphologically identical populations. Therefore, the geographically distant populations of L. tunicasp. nov. thus represent one species with a wide distribution, whereas L. machidaisp. nov. has so far been collected only in Tampa Bay.

Systematics and molecular phylogeny of two African stem borer genera, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden and Carelis Bowden (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moyal ◽  
B. Le Ru ◽  
D. Conlong ◽  
D. Cugala ◽  
B. Defabachew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractCurrently, the systematics of the African noctuid stem borers of the subtribe Sesamiina, which include major pests of cereals, is confused. In addition, their ecology is poorly known, as are the factors influencing their evolution. In this paper, we address these shortcomings for two genera of the Sesamiina, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden and Carelis Bowden. Mixed Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, which included their host plants and two mitochondrial genes, showed the genus Sciomesa to be polyphyletic. Two new genera were created, Pirateolea and Feraxinia. The genus Carelis proved to be paraphyletic and was subdivided into two sub-genera. The genera Sciomesa, Carelis and Pirateolea (named the ‘Sciomesa genus group’) share morphological traits, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that they had a common ancestor living on Cyperaceae and that they were distant from the genus Feraxinia belonging to another clade which had an ancestor living on Poaceae. Seven new species were described: Sciomesa gnosia sp. n., Sciomesia bua sp. n., Pirateolea nola gen. n, sp. n., Feraxinia serena gen. n., sp. n., Carelis australis sp. n., Carelis transversa sp. n. and Carelis agnae sp. n. Ten species were sunk as synonyms: Sciomesa mesoscia (Hampson) syn. n., Sciomesa mirifica Laporte syn. n., Sciomesa constantini Laporte syn. n. and Sciomesa etchecopari Laporte syn. n. are synonyms of Sciomesa mesophaea (Aurivillius); Acrapex sparsipucta Laporte syn. n. is a synonym of Sciomesa excelsa (Laporte) comb. n.; Acrapex congitae Laporte syn. n., Sesamia minuta Laporte syn. n. and Sesamia minuscula Laporte syn. n. are synonyms of Sciomesa boulardi (Laporte) comb. n.; Acrapex bryae Laporte syn. n. and Acrapex fayei Laporte syn. n. are synonyms of Feraxinia jemjemensis (Laporte) comb. n. Eleven new combinations were created: Sciomesa excelsa (Laporte) comb. n., Sciomesa boulardi (Laporte) comb. n., Sciomesa punctipennis (Krüger) comb. n., Pirateolea piscator (Fletcher) comb. n., Pirateolea argocyma (Fletcher) comb. n., Pirateolea cyclophora (Fletcher) comb. n., Pirateolea ochroneura (Fletcher) comb. n., Pirateolea funebris (Krüger) comb. n., Feraxinia nyei (Fletcher) comb. n., Feraxinia jemjemensis (Laporte) comb. n. and Carelis biluma (Nye) comb. n.

scholarly journals Disentangling the taxonomic status and phylogeographic structure of Marmora’s (Curruca sarda) and Balearic Warbler (Curruca balearica): a genetic multi-marker approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Nespoli ◽  
Irene Pellegrino ◽  
Marco Galaverni ◽  
Romolo Caniglia ◽  
Joseph Sunyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Different Populations

AbstractMarmora’s Warbler (Curruca sarda) and Balearic Warbler (C. balearica) are allopatric sibling species and were recently split mostly based on morphological and ethological characteristics. Here we provide the first phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of this species complex to support the taxonomic status of C. sarda and C. balearica in light of integrative taxonomy. We sampled the two taxa in most of their breeding ranges and we sequenced three mitochondrial and one nuclear gene region. All C. balearica individuals had private haplotypes for the four markers and formed monophyletic clades. Genetic distances between the two taxa were comparable with those found between other species belonging to the Curruca genus. Furthermore, most of the genetic variance was expressed at the interspecific level, rather than between different populations within taxa or between individuals within populations. Our results strongly support the current taxonomic status of these two warblers as distinct species.

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