Male accessory secretions, their use and replenishment in Glossina (Diptera, Glossinidae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Virgin Male ◽  
Saline Medium

AbstractThe male accessory glands of Glossina austeni Newst. contain an apical secretion—a dense, opaque, whitish secretion at the apical end of the gland, and a diffuse secretion—a bulkier, more mobile, translucent, whitish secretion occupying nearly all the remainder of the gland. There is also a plug of clear solidified accessory material preventing the outflow of secretions from the resting gland. By immersing the whole accessory gland in a saline medium at pH 2·2, and then transferring the specimen to distilled water, the apical secretion can be separated manually from the rest of the gland, as an apical body. Measurements of the apical body in virgin male flies show that the apical body increases in width according to the equation: Age ≐ constant Χ width 2.5, but individual deviations from this relation were considerable. Immediately after mating the apical body is long and thin; recovery to approximately the resting condition is complete after 48 h, but, on average, mated males have thinner apical bodies than virgin males of the same age. The use of apical secretion measurements to assess mating frequency under field conditions might be possible if adequate samples of males were available.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE, TESTOSTERONE METABOLITES AND ANTI-ANDROGENS ON THE FUNCTION OF THE MALE ACCESSORY GLANDS IN THE RABBIT AND RAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY JONES
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Testosterone Metabolites

The androgenic potencies of testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol towards the prostate, glandula seminalis + glandula vesicularis, ampullae and epididymis were evaluated after administration to castrated rabbits. The influence of cyproterone acetate, stilboestrol and medrogestone on accessory gland function was also investigated in rabbits and rats. In the rabbit it was found that the minimum dose of testosterone propionate that would maintain the function of all accessory glands at normal levels was approximately 200 μg/ animal/day. Higher levels of testosterone propionate overstimulated the function of the prostate, glandula seminalis + glandula vesicularis and ampullae, but did not affect the epididymis. Whereas testosterone propionate and 5α-dihydrotestosterone propionate were essentially equipotent in their capacity to support growth and secretory activity and stimulated all the accessory glands, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol dipropionate had a pronounced differential effect; it was considerably more potent than testosterone propionate in promoting secretion in the prostate, but was ineffective in maintaining the function of the epididymis. 5α-Androstane-3β,17β-diol dipropionate was the weakest androgen tested. Evidence also indicated that the potency of a steroid can depend on whether it is administered as its free or esterified form. Cyproterone acetate suppressed fructose secretion in the prostate of the rabbit but had no adverse effects on the function of the epididymis in either the rabbit or rat. Stilboestrol was the most potent anti-androgen tested and medrogestone the least effective.

FUNCTIONS OF THE MALE ACCESSORY GLAND SECRETIONS OF AEDES MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE): TRANSPLANTATION STUDIES

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramalingam ◽  
G. B. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractIn Aedes aegypti, the ’matrone’ substance which caused mating inhibition and stimulated oviposition in females, was present in the anterior secretory region of the male accessory glands. In the divided accessory glands of male A. triseriatus, however, it was present in the posterior glands. The posterior gland substance in A. triseriatus was not species specific. It stimulated oviposition in A. aegypti and caused mating inhibition in A. atropalpus. The secretory substance of the posteriormost region in the glands of both species of mosquitoes was mucin in nature. This mucin substance effectively glued the secretory granules of the anterior region(s).

scholarly journals The RED domain of Paired is specifically required for Drosophila accessory gland maturation

Open Biology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Lei Xue
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Paired Domain ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Mating Response ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Conserved Sequence ◽  
Sex Peptide ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

The evolutionarily conserved paired domain consists of the N-terminal PAI and the C-terminal RED domains, each containing a helix–turn–helix motif capable of binding DNA. Despite its conserved sequence, the physiological functions of the RED domain remain elusive. Here, we constructed a prd transgene expressing a truncated Paired (Prd) protein without the RED domain, and examined its rescue ability in prd mutants. We found that the RED domain is specifically required for the expression of Acp26Aa and sex peptide in male accessory glands, and the induction of female post-mating response. Our data thus identified an important physiological function for the evolutionarily conserved RED domain.

The structure, formation, histochemistry, fate, and functions of the spermatophore of Lytta nuttalli Say (Coleoptera: Meloidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1595-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gerber ◽  
N. S. Church ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Tube Wall ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Probable Form

The spermatophore of Lytta nuttalli consists of a unique tubular structure and a mass of jelly-like material (JLM). The spermatozoa are located in the JLM at its junction with the tube. The tube wall is composed of three layers of "histochemically" different substances produced by the first pair of male accessory glands. The JLM is secreted by the vasa deferentia. During copulation, usually of 8 to 10 h duration, the tube is molded and hardened in the vagina and posterior part of the spermatophoral receptacle duct and the JLM in the anterior part of the duct. The tube of the spermatophore serves as an intromittent "organ" in the absence of an internal penial sac. The sequence of events in spermatophore formation and the roles of the materials from the second and third pairs of male accessory glands are described. After copulation, usually within 2 h, the tube is ejected by the female. Within 24 h after copulation, most of the spermatozoa are transferred to the spermatheca. The secretion of the female accessory gland apparently is involved in this process. The JLM and third male accessory gland materials are retained in the spermatophoral receptacle and apparently are absorbed. The histochemical composition of the male and female secretions and the components of the spermatophore and the cytology and secretory cycles of the glands are described. The spermatophore of L. nuttalli is compared with those of other insects and the probable form of the spermatophore in other Meloidae is considered.

Ability of Some Progestational Steroids to Stimulate Male Accessory Glands of Reproduction in the Rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Lyster ◽  
G. H. Lund ◽  
W. E. Dulin ◽  
R. O. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands

The Drosophila melanogaster X-Linked mfs(1)6E Locus Is Required for Production of Normal Seminal Fluid by the Male Accessory Glands

2001 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro P. López ◽  
Juán F. Santarén ◽  
M.Fernanda Ruiz ◽  
Pedro Esponda ◽  
Lucas Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands

The effect of under-feeding on the genital functions of a bull

1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mann ◽  
A. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Male Accessory Glands ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Normal Feeding

1. A study was made of the effect of underfeeding on the genital functions in the bull. Regular weekly collections of semen were made during (1) a 5-week pre-experimental period of normal feeding, (2) a 23-week experimental period of under-feeding, and (3) a 25-week post-experimental period of recovery.2. Although the food intake was reduced to such an extent that the bull began to lose weight at a rate of 6·5 kg. (1 stone) per week, the volume and density of semen and the motility and morphology of the spermatozoa were not significantly changed.3. In contrast to the testes, the secretory function of the male accessory glands was markedly affected by under-feeding. The concentration of fructose and citric acid in semen decreased to about 30 and 60% respectively of the original levels. During the recovery period the values for fructose and citric acid gradually returned to normal.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Priming Treatments on Seed Germination Properties, Yield Components and Grain Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk TOKLU
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Positive Effects

An experiment was conducted under laboratory and field conditions in order to evaluate the effects of different priming treatments, specifically KNO3 (1%), KCl (2%), KH2PO4 (1%), ZnSO4 (0.05%), PEG-6000 (20%), IBA (100 ppm), Mannitol (4%), GA3 (100 ppm) and distilled water, on seed germination properties and several agro-morphological plant characteristics of red lentil. Seeds not primed were used as a control. GA3 treatment increased shoot length. The control (non-primed seeds) treatment resulted in increased seedling root number and length. Distilled water, ZnSO4 and control treatments increased germination rate and percentage. In the pot experiments, GA3 treatment increased plant height and seedling emergence rate, whereas KCl treatment improved the number of nodules, as well as root and shoot dry weight when compared to the control. ZnSO4 treatment increased yield components and grain yield in field conditions. The results of this study showed that ZnSO4, GA3 and PEG-6000 seed priming treatments may be useful tools due to their positive effects on germination rate, germination percentage, yield component and grain yield of lentil.

scholarly journals Rab-mediated trafficking in the secondary cells of Drosophila male accessory glands and its role in fecundity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Prince ◽  
M. Brankatschk ◽  
B. Kroeger ◽  
D. Gligorov ◽  
C. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Rab Proteins ◽  
Intracellular Membrane ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Intracellular Membrane Transport

AbstractIt is known that the male seminal fluid contains factors that affect female post-mating behavior and physiology. In Drosophila, most of these factors are secreted by the two epithelial cell types that make up the male accessory gland: the main and secondary cells. Although secondary cells represent only 4% of the cells of the accessory gland, their contribution to the male seminal fluid is essential for sustaining the female post-mating response. To better understand the function of the secondary cells, here we investigate their molecular organization, particularly with respect to the intracellular membrane transport machinery. We determined that large vacuole-like structures found in the secondary cells are trafficking hubs labeled by Rab6, 7, 11 and 19. Furthermore, these cell-specific organelles are essential for the long-term post-mating behavior of females and that their formation is directly dependent upon Rab6. Our discovery adds to our understanding of Rab proteins function in secretory cells. We have created an online, open-access imaging resource as a valuable tool for the intracellular membrane and protein traffic community.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics identifies male accessory gland proteins in five Glossina species

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna F. Abry ◽  
Kelvin M. Kimenyi ◽  
Daniel K Masiga ◽  
Benard W. Kulohoma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Reproductive Proteins ◽  
Accessory Gland Proteins ◽  
Accessory Glands

Accessory gland proteins (ACPs) are important reproductive proteins produced by the male accessory glands (MAGs) of most insect species. These proteins are essential for male insect fertility, and are transferred alongside semen to females during copulation. ACPs are poorly characterized in Glossina species (tsetse fly), the principal vector of the parasite that causes life-threatening Human African Trypanosomiasis and Animal trypanosomiasis in endemic regions in Africa. The tsetse fly has a peculiar reproductive cycle because of the absence of oviposition. Females mate once and store sperm in a spermathecal, and produce a single fully developed larva at a time that pupates within minutes of exiting their uterus. This slow reproductive cycle, compared to other insects, significantly restricts reproduction to only 3 to 6 larvae per female lifespan. This unique reproductive cycle is an attractive vector control strategy entry point. We exploit comparative genomics approaches to explore the diversity of ACPs in the recently available whole genome sequence data from five tsetse fly species ( Glossina morsitans, G. austeni, G. brevipalpis, G. pallidipes and G. fuscipes). We used previously described ACPs in Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae as reference sequences. We identified 36, 27, 31, 29 and 33 diverse ACP orthologous genes in G. austeni, G. brevipalpis, G. fuscipes, G. pallidipes and G. morsitans genomes respectively, which we classified into 21 functional classes. Our findings provide genetic evidence of MAG proteins in five recently sequenced Glossina genomes. It highlights new avenues for molecular studies that evaluate potential field control strategies of these important vectors of human and animal disease.

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