Molecular and morphological characterization of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Chilean vineyards

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.G. Correa ◽  
J-F. Germain ◽  
T. Malausa ◽  
T. Zaviezo
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Pseudococcus Longispinus ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Pseudococcus Viburni ◽  
Production Areas

AbstractMealybugs are major pests of grapevines worldwide. They cause economic losses by lowering the cosmetic value of fruits, reducing yields, transmitting viruses and resulting in the quarantine or rejection of produce in international trade. Knowledge of the species present in a vineyard is important for the adjustment of management strategies. We surveyed and accurately characterized the mealybugs infesting vineyards in one of the main production areas of Chile; 164 mealybugs were sampled from 26 vineyards in four regions of Chile and identified by DNA sequencing for two markers (cytochrome oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2) and morphological examination.Pseudococcus viburni(Signoret) was the most common species, followed byPseudococcus meridionalisPrado andPseudococcus cribataGonzález. Molecular variability at the COI and ITS2 loci was observed in bothP. viburniandP. cribata. A comparison of haplotypes ofP. viburniworldwide provides support for a recent hypothesis that this species is native to South America, a finding with direct consequences for management. NeitherPseudococcus longispinus(Targioni & Tozzetti) norPlanococcus ficusSignoret were found.

scholarly journals Fusarium Consortium Populations Associated with Asparagus Crop in Spain and Their Role on Field Decline Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Alexandri María Brizuela ◽  
Eduardo De la Lastra ◽  
José Ignacio Marín-Guirao ◽  
Laura Gálvez ◽  
Miguel de Cara-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Prevalent Species

Asparagus Decline Syndrome (ADS) is one of the main phytosanitary problems of asparagus crop worldwide. Diseased plants and soil samples from 41 fields from three main production areas of Spain were surveyed. Eight Fusarium species belonging to seven species complexes were identified in soils: F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. solanisensu stricto, F. equiseti, F. culmorum, F. compactum and F. acuminatum. Fusarium oxysporum was the most prevalent species. Statistical correlation (R2 = 88%) was established between F. oxysporum inoculum density and the average temperature of the warmest month. A relationship was also established between three crop factors (average temperature, crop age and F. oxysporum inoculum density) and field disease indices. Significant differences were observed between the distribution of F. oxysporum propagules in white and green asparagus fields. Thirteen Fusarium species belonging to seven species complexes were identified from roots of diseased plants, being F. oxysporum the most prevalent. F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum and F. redolens showed pathogenicity to asparagus and were the main species associated to ADS. Fusarium oxysporum was the species with the highest genetic diversity displaying 14 sequence-based haplotypes with no geographic differentiation. This work contributes to understanding the Fusarium complex associated to ADS for developing accurate integrated disease management strategies.

scholarly journals Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Samia LAALA ◽  
Sophie CESBRON ◽  
Mohamed KERKOUD ◽  
Franco VALENTINI ◽  
Zouaoui BOUZNAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
First Record ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Cruciferous Plants ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes the black rot of cruciferous plants. This seed-borne bacterium is considered as the most destructive disease to cruciferous crops. Although sources of contamination are various, seeds are the main source of transmission. Typical symptoms of black rot were first observed in 2011 on cabbage and cauliflower fields in the main production areas of Algeria. Leaf samples displaying typical symptoms were collected during 2011 to 2014, and 170 strains were isolated from 45 commercial fields. Xcc isolates were very homogeneous in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics similar to reference strains, and gave positive pathogenicity and molecular test results (multiplex PCR with specific primers). This is the first record of Xcc in Algeria. Genetic diversity within the isolates was assessed in comparison with strains isolated elsewhere. A multilocus sequence analysis based on two housekeeping genes (gyrB and rpoD) was carried out on 77 strains representative isolates. The isolates grouped into 20 haplotypes defined with 68 polymorphic sites. The phylogenetic tree obtained showed that Xcc is in two groups, and all Algerian strains clustered in group 1 in three subgroups. No relationships were detected between haplotypes and the origins of the seed lots, the varieties of host cabbage, the years of isolation and agroclimatic regions.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of the red dragon fruit - Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt – under growing conditions in the municipality of San Jerónimo (Antioquia, Colombia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 9019-9027
Author(s):  
Jorge Andres Betancur G. ◽  
Sandra Bibiana Muriel R. ◽  
Elena Paola Gonzalez J.
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Growing Conditions

The red dragon fruit Selenicereus undatus is a native fruit from the Americas. Its growing appeal in the international market as an exotic fruit highlights the relevance of the crop for the local economies. In Colombia, the high diversity within the genus and species makes it difficult to have reliable materials for propagation as cultivars. This agronomic challenge requires more studies of the distribution and real diversity within the genus Selenicereus sp. Due to the information aforementioned, the fruit is harvested in small localities as an extraction production system. This project aimed to morphologically characterize the working collection of red dragon fruit under growing conditions in the Municipality of San Jerónimo. It contained 30 accessions from the departments of Antioquia, Córdoba, and Valle del Cauca. Twenty-one characters of cladode, flower, and fruit were quantified to assess the diversity, and a restricted cluster analysis was performed to understand the morphological richness of the materials. As a result, it was observed differences in terms of stems, such as distance between areolas and width of cladode. This was also observed in flowers, in which their total length, the width of petals, the presence of trichomes, the color of calyx and petals, and the color of the stigma were different. Also, differences were recorded in the fruit. Characteristics such as weight and color of its skin were assessed, resulting in fruit size medium to small. Regarding other properties, total soluble solids varied between 11.2 to 15.6 °Brix. 55% of the fruits have measurements that fit market requirements. Finally, three accessions match the requirements of weight and °Brix, to be used as possible genotypes by commercial growers; however, studies about agronomic management strategies that favor an increase in fruit weight must be done.

Redescription of Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) using SEM, life cycle and damage caused to leaves and fruits of Olea europaea cv. arauco in La Rioja province, northwestern Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2003-2017
Author(s):  
Leiva Sergio ◽  
Moraes Gilberto J. De
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Damages produced by eriophyid mites to Olea europaea subsp. europaea cv. arauco have been known for many years. In a previous publication, the presence of Aceria oleae (Nalepa) and Oxycenus maxwelli, (Keifer) in Argentina was reported, but the species was not definitively identified. In the past five years, damage caused by this mite to leaves, flowers and fruits in many production areas was very high, leading to the need for further investigations about this mite, the most numerous mite species on this plant in Argentina. The present paper is divided in three parts: a) a morphological characterization of A. oleae based on specimens collected in Argentina, with the use of SEM; b) a study of its life cycle; and c) an illustration of its damage to leaves and fruits. The morphological study led to the confirmation of the identity of the species and to the determination of morphological aspects not previously mentioned in the literature. Life cycle and damage were observed to be similar to what has been previously mentioned in the literature for the same mite in other countries.

scholarly journals Distribution and Characterization of Monilinia spp. Causing Apple Fruit Decay in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miljan Vasić ◽  
Ivana Vico ◽  
Wayne M. Jurick ◽  
Nataša Duduk
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Pome Fruit

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is an economically important pre- and postharvest disease of pome and stone fruits worldwide. In Serbia, apple is the most widely grown pome fruit, and the distribution of economically important Monilinia spp. responsible for apple brown rot is unknown. Hence, we conducted a three year survey, from 2010 to 2012, where 349 isolates were obtained from six orchards and four storage facilities from five different apple cultivars with brown rot symptoms. Morphological characterization of the isolates, multiplex PCR, and phylogenetic analysis revealed four species: M. fructigena, M. laxa, M. fructicola, and Monilia polystroma. All species were found in the orchard and in storage, with M. fructigena predominating, followed by M. polystroma. Representative isolates were analyzed in vitro and in vivo where differences in growth rate, sporulation, and virulence on apple fruit were observed. Findings from this investigation demonstrate diversity in the species responsible for pre- and postharvest apple brown rot, which has significant implications for pathogen detection and for developing disease-specific management strategies.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Causing Fruit Rot of Deciduous Holly

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2430-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Lin ◽  
Nancy J. Taylor ◽  
Francesca Peduto Hand
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Fruit Samples

Cut branches of deciduous holly (Ilex spp. L.) harboring colorful berries are traditionally used as ornaments in holiday decorations. Since 2012, a fruit rot of unspecified cause has resulted in significant yield reduction and economic losses across Midwestern and Eastern U.S. nurseries. In this study, symptomatic fruit samples collected from nine different locations over five years were analyzed, and several fungal species were isolated. A combination of morphological characterization, multilocus phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity assays revealed that Alternaria alternata and Diaporthe ilicicola sp. nov. were the primary pathogens associated with symptomatic fruit. Other fungi including A. arborescens, Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. nymphaeae, Epicoccum nigrum, and species in the D. eres species complex appeared to be minor pathogens in this disease complex. In detached fruit pathogenicity assays testing the role of wounding and inoculum concentration on disease development, disease incidence and severity increased when fruit was wounded and inoculated with a higher inoculum concentration. These findings indicate that management strategies that can protect fruit from injury or reduce inoculum may lower disease levels in the field. This research established the basis for further studies on this emerging disease and the design of research-based management strategies. To our knowledge, it also represents the first report of species of Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, and Epicoccum causing fruit rot of deciduous holly.

Identification of mealybug pest species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Egypt and France, using a DNA barcoding approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abd-Rabou ◽  
H. Shalaby ◽  
J.-F. Germain ◽  
N. Ris ◽  
P. Kreiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Pseudococcus Longispinus ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

AbstractPseudococcidae (mealybugs) is a large taxonomic group, including a number of agronomic pests. Taxonomic identification of mealybug species is a recurrent problem and represents a major barrier to the establishment of adequate pest management strategies. We combined molecular analysis of three DNA markers (28S-D2, cytochrome oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2) with morphological examination, for the identification of 176 specimens collected from 40 mealybug populations infesting various crops and ornamental plants in Egypt and France. This combination of DNA and morphological analyses led to the identification of 17 species: seven in Egypt (Planococcus citri (Risso), Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison and Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell)) and 11 in France (Planococcus citri, Pseudococcus viburni Signoret, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti), Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana), Rhizoecus amorphophalli Betrem, Trionymus bambusae (Green), Balanococcus diminutus (Leonardi), Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov), Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) and Phenacoccus aceris Signoret), Pl. citri being found in both countries. We also found genetic variation between populations considered to belong to the same species, justifying further investigation of the possible occurrence of complexes of cryptic taxa.

Le anfore di Spello nelle Regiones VI e VII

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 127-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erminia Lapadula
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Archaeometric Study

AMPHORAE OF SPELLO TYPE IN REGIONES VI AND VII‘Amphorae of Spello type’, produced in inland central Italy during the first and second centuries AD, form part of the Italic production of wine containers of the early and middle Imperial periods, alongside production in the central-southern tyrrhenian area (‘Falernian amphorae’) and in the central-southern adriatic area (‘Forlimpopoli amphorae’). In this paper the preliminary results of an archaeological and archaeometric study undertaken of fragments of amphorae of Spello type, found in various locations in Regiones VI and VII, are presented. This is the first phase of a research project aimed, firstly, at the morphological characterization of Spello amphorae, through the construction of a typological classification, and, secondly, at the identification, in mineralogical terms, of the vessels produced at Spello, the only certain centre of production, and in other possible production areas in the central part of peninsular Italy. The data which have emerged from this research allow us to map the areas of production and the distribution of this particular ceramic vessel, and also to create a reference database which will form an invaluable starting-point for further research in the near future.

scholarly journals Caractérisation socio-économique des grands bassins de productions d’anacardiers (Anacardium occidentale) et étude comportementale de leur peuplement dans le Cameroun septentrional

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2094-2111
Author(s):  
Bourou Sali ◽  
Chantal Madou ◽  
Abraham Nome ◽  
Jean Kuate
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas

Le système agroforestier à base d’anacardier est très dynamique mais fortement influencé par plusieurs facteurs sociaux dont l’importance varie d’une zone à une autre. Cependant, depuis leur mise en place, peu d’informations existent sur la situation de la ressource. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la situation actuelle des plantations d’anacardiers dans les principales zones de production du Cameroun septentrional. Les données relatives aux caractéristiques socio-économiques des producteurs d’anacarde ont été collectées dans le Cameroun septentrional à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Il ressort de cette enquête que 98,04% des planteurs d’anacardier sont des hommes contre seulement 1,96% pour les femmes. Une proportion de 68,63% des enquêtés déclarent avoir des superficies de champs comprises entre 0 et 0,5 ha, seulement 3,922% ont 10 ha et plus. Les activités liées à la filière anacarde est rentable pour les enquêtés (90,2%). Le test ANOVA, des données dendrométriques révèle des différences significatives du diamètre au collet (P=0,000), du DHP (P=0,000001) et de la hauteur (P=0,000484) entre les différentes zones étudiées. Le test ANOVA ne révèle aucune différence significative (P=0,24) du recouvrement entre les zones. Toutefois, une valorisation de la filière par le gouvernement permettra aux producteurs d’améliorer considérablement leurs plantations et par conséquent, le niveau de revenu des producteurs.Mots clés : Caractéristique, culturale, producteur, anacarde,  septentrional. English Title:  Socio-economic characterization of the large cashew production basins (Anacardium Occidentale) and behavioral study of their populations in Northern CameroonThe cashew-based agroforestry system is very dynamic but strongly influenced by several social factors those importance varies from one area to another. However, since their establishment, few information exists on the situation of the resource. The objective of this study is to analyze the current situation of cashew plantations in the main production areas of northern Cameroon. Data relating to the socio-economic characteristics of cashew producers were collected in northern Cameroon using a questionnaire. This survey shows that 98.04% of cashew planters are men compared to only 1.96% for women. A proportion of 68.63% of the interviewed declared that they had areas of fields between 0 and 0.5 ha, only 3.922% had 10 ha and more. The activities linked to the cashew sector is profitable for the farmers (90.2%). The ANOVA test of dendrometry data, reveals significant differences in the diameter at the neck (P = 0.000), the DHP (P = 0.000001) and the height (P = 0.000484) between the different areas studied. The ANOVA test reveals no significant difference (P = 0.24) in the overlap between the zones. Taking these factors into account will allow sustainable management of the system. the government’s supply chain will allow producers to significantly improve their plantations and therefore the level of income generated of producers.Keywords: Characteristic, cultural, producers, cashew, Northern.  

Phylogenetic and morphological characterization of Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov., and B. taiwanense sp. nov. from Macaranga tanarius

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 364 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANUSHKA SANDARUWAN TENNAKOON ◽  
RAJESH JEEWON ◽  
CHANG HSIN KUO ◽  
KEVIN DAVID HYDE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Macaranga Tanarius

Byssosphaeria species were collected from Macaranga tanarius (Euphorbiaceae) in Shihnong forest area in Chiayi, Taiwan and subjected to morphological examination and DNA sequence analyses. Two new taxa, Byssosphaeria macarangae sp. nov and B. taiwanense sp. nov are herein described. Both species can be distinguished from other Byssosphaeria species based on distinct size differences in asci, ascospores and DNA sequence data. Detailed descriptions, micrographs and phylogenetic data of the new species are provided.

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