Host preference and host colonization of the Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera Cerambycidae), in Southern Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Faccoli ◽  
R. Favaro
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Host Colonization ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

AbstractThe Asian long-horned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), is a highly polyphagous invasive pest with a broad range of host species, but showing relevant differences between infestation areas. Host preference and host colonization (female fecundity, egg and larval survival) were assessed in a population in Northern Italy by choice and no-choice experiments conducted in both field and laboratory conditions. During 5 years of field observations, ALB was found to infest seven genera of trees: Acer, Aesculus, Betula, Populus, Prunus, Salix and Ulmus. However, Acer, Betula, Ulmus and Salix resulted to be the preferred hosts corresponding to 97.5% (1112) of the 1140 infested trees. In both laboratory and field trials carried out on these four host genera, no-choice experiments recorded the highest host colonization of A. glabripennis on Acer trees, with the highest number of laid eggs and the lowest egg and larval mortality. Ulmus and Salix showed a lower number of laid eggs during laboratory choice test, but egg and larval mortality had mean values similar to Acer. On the contrary, despite the high number of Betula trees felled during the eradication plan carried out in the infestation area, this tree species showed the lowest beetle suitability in terms of number of laid eggs and insect survival. An overestimation of the number of infested Betula occurring during the tree survey may explain the discordance between high number of infested Betula and low beetle suitability. Instead, the large number of infested Acer recorded in the field was probably due to the high abundance of these trees occurring in parks and gardens within the infestation area and to the low adult dispersal of A. glabripennis. Overall, results from this study confirm that host species affects both beetle colonization and breeding performance. The study shows ALB host preference and host suitability varying between tree species, suggesting an ALB acceptance even of sub-optimal hosts.

scholarly journals Correlation of Haplotypes of a Fungal Plant Pathogen with their Respective Host Species of Origin

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 936-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Garr ◽  
Carolyn Hughes ◽  
Jacqueline Welch ◽  
Scott A. Brown ◽  
Michael H. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Microbotryum Violaceum ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Wobble Position ◽  
Conserved Gene ◽  
Respective Host

The anther smut fungus, Microbotryum violaceum, infects over 200 species of Caryophyllaceae (Pinks). However, limited published studies, as well as anecdotal evidence, suggest that each isolate of the fungus is restricted to one or a few species that it can productively infect. In the absence of physical differences, it would be useful to have molecular markers to identify individuals with specific host ranges prior to genetic analyses of host preference. With this purpose in mind, 17 isolates from eight different host species were characterized for differences in their respective γ-tubulin genes. The region of the gene including the sixth and seventh introns and some surrounding coding regions was amplified and sequenced and the results were analyzed phylogenetically. Despite the small sample size and the geographical distribution of their respective host plants, isolates from the same host species showed no differences in the DNA regions examined; isolates of closely related pathovars also grouped together. In contrast, relative to the corresponding regions from other pathovars, isolates from host species that were genetically or taxonomically more distant showed a marked number of differences in both introns and in the third (wobble) position of codons in the seventh exon. Thus, DNA sequence differences in this highly conserved gene may be used to distinguish isolates from different host species. Such information may prove useful as markers for the different formae speciales in future analyses of host preference.

Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate Trunk Injection Against the Asian Long-Horned Beetle [Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hong Wang ◽  
Shao-Chen Che ◽  
Lan-Fen Qiu ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Jin-Li Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Fall Application

Abstract The efficacy of tree injected with emamectin benzoate (EB) against the Asian long-horned beetle (ALB) was tested in a heavily infested willow forest in Beijing, China. In a 1.7-ha plot, 240 out of 310 trees were treated with two EB formulations at various rates. After fall application, the larval population decreased by 89% in the following spring and by >99% during the second year detected by monitoring new frass emission from marked holes. Consequently, the number of exit holes of emerging adults decreased to 0 in the second year. Re-infestation occurred in the third year after application. This high efficacy and lasting activity might be contributed to: a) a favorable translocation of EB in trees when injected into the sapwood; b) the high intrinsic activity against ALB larvae with LC50 of 20–30 ppb; and c) a reduced lifespan of ALB adults by over 60% when feeding on twigs of EB-treated trees. On untreated control trees, the larval population decreased during the first winter. In the second year after application, the larval population was wiped out during winter and a re-infestation started from border trees by adults flying in from outside the trial plot. This pattern indicates an eradication of the ALB population in the 1.7-ha plot can be expected 2 yr after EB treatment. The benefit of treating with EB on the surrounding population was observed in both the untreated trees and imidacloprid-treated trees, suggesting that treatment of EB benefits both the treated trees and the surrounding trees in the area.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelita Phambala ◽  
Yolice Tembo ◽  
Trust Kasambala ◽  
Vernon H. Kabambe ◽  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Foliar Damage

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa where it continues to disrupt agriculture, particularly smallholder cereal production. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many commercial pesticides before its arrival in Africa. Pesticide use may therefore be ineffective for FAW control in Africa, so new and more sustainable approaches to pest management are required that can help reduce the impact of this exotic pest. Pesticidal plants provide an effective and established approach to pest management in African smallholder farming and recent research has shown that their use can be cost-beneficial and sustainable. In order to optimize the use of botanical extracts for FAW control, we initially screened ten commonly used plant species. In laboratory trials, contact toxicity and feeding bioassays showed differential effects. Some plant species had little to no effect when compared to untreated controls; thus, only the five most promising plant species were selected for more detailed study. In contact toxicity tests, the highest larval mortality was obtained from Nicotiana tabacum (66%) and Lippia javanica (66%). Similarly, in a feeding bioassay L. javanica (62%) and N. tabacum (60%) exhibited high larval mortality at the highest concentration evaluated (10% w/v). Feeding deterrence was evaluated using glass-fibre discs treated with plant extracts, which showed that Cymbopogon citratus (36%) and Azadirachta indica (20%) were the most potent feeding deterrents among the pesticidal plants evaluated. In a screenhouse experiment where living maize plants infested with fall armyworm larvae were treated with plant extracts, N. tabacum and L. javanica were the most potent species at reducing foliar damage compared to the untreated control whilst the synthetic pesticide chlorpyrifos was the most effective in reducing fall armyworm foliar damage. Further field trial evaluation is recommended, particularly involving smallholder maize fields to assess effectiveness across a range of contexts.

Host preference by the twig borer Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and simulated influence of shade trees on its populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
James Peter Egonyu ◽  
John Baguma ◽  
Isaac Ogari ◽  
Gladys Ahumuza ◽  
Gerald Ddumba
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Field Situation ◽  
Generalized Linear Modelling

Abstract Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) is a serious pest of Coffea canephora and Theobroma cacao in Uganda and also attacks several common shade tree species often associated with these crops. Seedlings of 10 common hosts of X. compactus were screened for preferential infestation by X. compactus, with a view to analysing the potential role of the shade trees in escalating incidence and damage by the pest. The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks in a garden of mature C. canephora infested by X. compactus that served as a natural source of infestation for the seedlings. The seedlings that became infested by X. compactus were counted weekly and the counts subjected to generalized linear modelling. Results show marked host preference by X. compactus, with T. cacao and C. canephora being the most preferred, while Eucalyptus sp. and Albizia chinensis being the least preferred. Four simulated scenarios of incidence and damage by X. compactus on a preferred crop such as C. canephora are discussed. It is suggested that it is most unlikely for unpreferred alternate host shade tree species to markedly increase populations of X. compactus on shaded preferred host plants. However, these simulations, which are based on results from potted seedlings, need to be validated in a real field situation, taking into account other ecological parameters that are likely to influence pest populations.

Potential hosts of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) among native and agroforestry trees in Kenya

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L.O. Nang'ayo ◽  
M.G. Hill ◽  
D.J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

AbstractThis study was carried out to establish the extent to which an invasive stored products pest, Prostephanus truncatus Horn exploits wood as a feeding and breeding resource in Kenya. Twenty seven out of 84 native and agroforestry trees and shrubs supported the breeding of P. truncatus under laboratory conditions. Adult survival (<1% to 18%) for 8 weeks was recorded on 51 tree species that did not support breeding. The breeding success of this beetle varied widely between host tree species and showed no obvious trends based on tree systematics or wood hardness. Studies of P. truncatus survival on two host tree species found that the greatest increase in the P. truncatus population occurred on stem sapwood, whilst the smallest population increase was on twigs. Breeding also varied greatly from season to season; studies on ten selected host species showed that reproduction was often greatest in wood samples collected and tested during the dry season in September. The implications of these findings for the management of P. truncatus infestations in farm stored maize are discussed.

Suitability of Acer saccharum and Acer pensylvanicum (Aceraceae) for rearing Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Hajek ◽  
David M. Kalb
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Longhorned Beetles ◽  
Early Fall

AbstractStriped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.) was compared with sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) for use in rearing Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)). Adult females lived longer when caged with twigs and small bolts harvested from A. pensylvanicum during late spring through early fall than with material from A. saccharum collected at the same time. Females had a shorter life-span when fed plant material from either tree species harvested from late fall through winter than with plant material from A. pensylvanicum harvested from late spring through early fall. Female A. glabripennis laid more viable eggs when provided with A. pensylvanicum rather than A. saccharum. Regardless of which of these two tree species females had experienced previously, they always chose to lay more eggs in A. pensylvanicum than in A. saccharum. Rearing A. glabripennis on A. pensylvanicum is therefore more efficient, especially when twigs and wood collected from late spring through early fall are used.

scholarly journals What Determines Host Range and Reproductive Performance of an Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Euwallacea fornicatus; Lessons From Israel and California

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Mendel ◽  
Shannon C. Lynch ◽  
Akif Eskalen ◽  
Alex Protasov ◽  
Marcel Maymon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Common Descent ◽  
Wide Host Range ◽  
Trait Correlation

This study examined the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera; Scolytinae) native to Southeast Asia and concentrated on its wide host range in two of the invaded areas, California and Israel. Among the 583 examined tree species, 55.9% were characterized as “non-reproductive hosts” and only 13.8% were characterized as “reproductive hosts,” suitable for the E. fornicatus reproduction. Families that included ≥20 species and genera with ≥10 were considered for further analysis. The highest percentage of tree species suitable for reproduction was obtained for Salicaceae and Sapindaceae, whereas the lowest percentage of tree species belonging to this category were within the Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, and Magnoliaceae. The genera Acer, Quercus and Acacia displayed the highest percentage within the “reproductive host” category, with the former significantly higher from all seven of the studied genera. We found that all Brachychiton and Erythrina were attacked and none of the examined 20 Eucalyptus spp. were suitable for E. fornicatus reproduction. The results suggest discordance between host tree phylogeny and susceptibility to the E. fornicatus, indicating that trait correlation of susceptibility of different tree species to the E. fornicatus are the results of convergent evolution and not of a common descent. A theoretical model, suggesting the different possibilities of potential tree species becoming attractive or non-attractive to E. fornicatus attack, is described. It is suggested that the beetle reproduction success rate over a wide host range, as well as the long list of species belonging to the “non-reproductive host” category, is the outcome of interactions between the beetle fungal symbiont, F. euwallaceae, and sapwood of the attacked tree. The model suggests that a tree selected by the E. fornicatus may fall in one of three groups, (i) those in which F. euwallaceae is unable to develop, (ii) those tree species that slow the development of the fungus, and (iii) those that enable F. euwallaceae to thrive. Hence, the host range suitable for beetle reproduction is determined by development of F. euwallaceae. In general, PSHB does not distinguish between host species of the “non-reproductive host” and “reproductive host” categories.

scholarly journals Larval Host Preference and Suitability for the Sawfly Mesoneura rufonota among Five Cinnamomun Tree Species

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jiaying Zhou ◽  
Jiangtao Zhang ◽  
Tom Tregenza ◽  
Youliang Pan ◽  
Qinzhao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Choice Feeding

The camphor sawfly, Mesoneura rufonota Rohwer, is an economically important leaf-chewing pest of the genus Cinnamomum Trew. However, little is known about the range of species that it can infest within this genus or whether larvae show preferences for particular species. We conducted preference and performance experiments under laboratory conditions to assess larval host preference and suitability as a host plant of five congeneric trees species: C. camphora (Linn) Presl, C. bodinieri Levl., C. burmanni (Nees et T. Nees) Blume, C. pauciflorum Nees, and C. micranthum (Hay.) Hay. In no-choice, two-choice and multiple-choice feeding trials, significantly higher feeding rates were found on C. camphora, followed by C. bodinieri, compared to those on the other three tree species. In two-choice behavior trials, larvae moved to occupy leaves of C. camphora faster and more frequently, followed by C. bodinieri, than when offered the other three tree species. In no-choice fitness trials, the survival of larval and pupal stage was the highest, the developmental duration of larval and pupal stage was the shortest, the pupal body weight was the heaviest and adults lived the longest on C. camphora followed by C. bodinieri, while M. rufonota did not complete development on C. burmanni, C. pauciflorum or C. micranthum. Our results demonstrate that larvae consistently prefer and perform better on C. camphora leaves, that they can utilize C. bodinieri, but it is less preferred, and that C. burmanni, C. pauciflorum, and C. micranthum appear to be unsuitable as a host for M. rufonota.

FEEDING AND BORING BEHAVIOR OF THE BARK BEETLE IPS PARACONFUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON THE BARK OF A HOST AND NON-HOST TREE SPECIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Elkinton ◽  
D. L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Petri Dishes

AbstractMale Ips paraconfusus selected a host, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), over a non-host, white fir (Abies concolor), only after the beetles had bored through the outer bark and into the phloem. Males, when given a choice between bark discs of these tree species in petri dishes, bored readily through the outer bark of either species. However, the beetles penetrated no more than 1 mm into the phloem of white fir, but they bored extensively in the phloem of ponderosa pine. The beetle’s preference for the pine over fir phloem was apparent with intact samples of phloem with the outer bark removed and with ground phloem. No preferences were apparent for the ground or intact pine or fir outer bark, with the phloem removed. The beetles bored preferentially in fissured as opposed to smooth outer bark of either tree. Beetles did not feed in the outer bark but did feed in the phloem of either species. In field experiments beetles attracted to logs of pine and fir bored through the outer bark of each species in nearly equal numbers. In white fir they re-emerged and departed soon after penetration of the phloem, whereas in ponderosa pine they continued excavation of tunnels in the phloem. In contrast, few beetles penetrated even the outer back of incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), another non-host species.

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