Tephritidae fruit fly gut microbiome diversity, function and potential for applications

AbstractThe family Tephritidae (order: Diptera), commonly known as fruit flies, comprises a widely distributed group of agricultural pests. The tephritid pests infest multiple species of fruits and vegetables, resulting in huge crop losses. Here, we summarize the composition and diversity of tephritid gut-associated bacteria communities and host intrinsic and environmental factors that influence the microbiome structures. Diverse members of Enterobacteriaceae, most commonly Klebsiella and Enterobacter bacteria, are prevalent in fruit flies guts. Roles played by gut bacteria in host nutrition, development, physiology and resistance to insecticides and pathogens are also addressed. This review provides an overview of fruit fly microbiome structure and points to diverse roles that it can play in fly physiology and survival. It also considers potential use of this knowledge for the control of economically important fruit flies, including the sterile insect technique and cue-lure baiting.

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Overview of fruit flies important for fruit production on the Montenegro seacoast

BASE - Numéro 3 ◽

10.25518/1780-4507.17776 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 46-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sanja Radonjić ◽

Snježana Hrnčić ◽

Tatjana Perović

Keyword(s):

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Important Species ◽

Economic Point ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Family

Description of the subject. Fruit flies are a large group of pests belonging to the order Diptera. The family Tephritidae is one of two fly families referred to as “fruit flies”. Tephritidae (true fruit flies) represent one of the largest families of flies and are part of a group of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world, attacking a wide range of fruits and fleshy vegetables. The other fruit fly family is the Drosophilidae, often called “vinegar flies”. There are also fly species from other Diptera families that attack the fruits of agricultural crops. Objectives. Due to its favorable geographic position and Mediterranean climate, the Montenegro seacoast is suited to fruit and vegetable production. The aim of this study was to make an inventory of the fruit fly species affecting fruit crops on the Montenegro seacoast. Method. The study area was 300 km along the Montenegro coast. Different types of traps (lure attractants, pheromone, and yellow sticky traps) were used for the monitoring, detection and recording of the spread of fruit flies in the area. Results. From an economic point of view, the most important species of fruit flies recorded were the Bactrocera oleae Gmel. and Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. Rhagoletis cerasi L. and Carpomya vesuviana Costa were also found to be present. Although several specimens of Rhagoletis cingulata Loew were detected in 2013-2014, this species has not, to date, been considered as established in the area of study. After the first detection of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in 2013, this fruit fly was found to spread rapidly, and its presence is now observed along the whole Montenegro seacoast. One of the fruit fly species recorded, Silba adipata McAlpine, is considered to be one of the most destructive pests for fig production in Montenegro. Conclusions. Of seven species recorded in the study, five belonged to the family Tephritidae, and one each to Drosophilidae and Lonchaeidae.

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Fluktuasi Populasi Lalat Buah Bactrocera spp. (Diptera : Tephritidae) pada Pertanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annuum) di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v28i3.15747 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Agus Susanto ◽

Yadi Supriyadi ◽

Tohidin Tohidin ◽

Nenet Susniahti ◽

Vickri Hafizh

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Host Plants ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Survey Method ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Rainy Days

ABSTRACTFluctuation population of fruit flies Batrocera spp. (Dipthera: Tephritidae) on chilli (Capsicum annuum) plantation areas in Bandung Regency, West JavaFruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are destructive pest that cause damages to horticulture commodities such as fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to investigate fluctuation population of fruit flies in relation to abiotic factors, such as temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days, and biotic factors, such as host phenology and natural enemies. The field experiment was conducted in Pulosari Village, Pangalengan, Bandung. This research used survey method by placing 20 fruit flies traps on host plants, in which 10 traps were being placed in the outside and the others were being placed in the inside within 10 meters distance per trap. Trapped flies were collected and their population was counted in every week. The results revealed that abiotitic factors (temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days) have non significant influence indicated by the regression analysis of each temperature (Y=-101.2+2298.7x; R2=0.253; P>0.05), rainfall (Y= 0.143+154.4x; R2 = 0.004; P> 0.05), and the number of rainy days (Y= 6.607+140.51x; R2 = 0.015; P>0.05). Meanwhile, fruit fly with the dominant population was Bactocera dorsalis which was included into sibling species of Bactrocera dorsalis Complex with number of population was 93% from specimen sample.Keywords: Fluctuation population, fruit flies, Batrocera dorsalis Complex, ChilliABSTRAKLalat buah (Bactrocera spp.) merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman hortikultura baik buah-buahan ataupun sayuran buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi fluktuasi populasi lalat buah pada pertanaman cabai merah terhadap faktor abiotik berupa suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan dan faktor biotik berupa fenologi tanaman inang dan musuh alami. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pulosari, Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan memasang perangkap lalat buah pada lahan pertanaman cabai merah sebanyak 20 perangkap dengan 10 perangkap bagian luar dan 10 perangkap bagian dalam dengan jarak antar perangkap 10 meter. Hasil tangkapan dikumpulkan dan dihitung populasi lalat buah yang terperangkap setiap minggunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor abiotik (suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan) tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan ditunjukan dengan analisis regresi masing-masing pada suhu ( Y= -101,2+ 2298,7x ; R2=0,253; P > 0,05), Curah hujan (Y= 0,143 + 154,4x ; R2= 0,004 ; P > 0,05), dan Jumlah hari hujan (Y= 6,607 + 140,51x ; R2=0,015 ; P > 0,05) Sedangkan lalat buah yang memiliki populasi paling dominan adalah Bactrocera dorsalis yang termasuk sibling dari spesies Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 93% dari sampel spesimen.Kata kunci : Fluktuasi populasi, Lalat buah, Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks, Cabai merah

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Microbial Carriage and Contamination of Mangoes by the Oriental Fruit Fly

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944501710010267 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 267-275

Author(s):

Godfred Futagbi ◽

Nana Akosua Gyamfuah Koduah ◽

Benyarku Richard Ampah ◽

Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe Mattah ◽

Maxwell Billah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Direct Role ◽

Fly Control

Background: Fruit flies, especially of the Family Terphritidae, are economically important pests for the horticulture industry because many species cause serious mechanical damage to a number of crops of different plant families. Studies have shown that some species of fruit flies have the potential to contaminate fruits and vegetables with enteric bacterial pathogens. However, this has not been conclusively demonstrated. Methods: In this study, we investigated enteric bacteria carriage by Bactrocera dorsalis and its possible role in transmission of microbes into internal tissues of fruits. Fruit flies trapped using liquid protein bait, ripe mango fruits exposed to the fruit flies and controls, as well as mangoes obtained from farms with and without fly-control traps, were analyzed for microbes, such as total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, yeast and molds, Escherichia coli and Salmonella/Shigella spp. using direct culture methods. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that a high percentage of these insects carries pathogenic bacteria. This finding shows that, like B. cacuminata and B. tryoni, B. dorsalis also carries pathogenic microbes. It was also observed that mangoes sampled from fly-control farms had significantly lower microbial loads and proportions of fruits contaminated compared to those from farms without fly-control. Additionally, all microbial counts of internal tissues were significantly higher for exposed mangoes compared to unexposed mangoes. These data indicate that B. dorsalis contaminates not only the external but also internal tissues of mangoes. Conclusion: These findings show that B. dorsalis carries pathogenic bacteria and plays a direct role in internalization of microbes in mangoes.

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Implementing Low-Cost, High Accuracy DNA Barcoding From Single Molecule Sequencing to Screen Larval Tephritid Fruit Flies Intercepted at Ports of Entry

Annals of the Entomological Society of America ◽

10.1093/aesa/saz071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 288-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivonne J Garzón-Orduña ◽

Scott M Geib ◽

Lisa Ledezma ◽

Forest T Bremer ◽

Norman B Barr

Keyword(s):

Single Molecule ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Border Crossings ◽

Smrt Sequencing ◽

Invasive Insects ◽

Introduction Pathway

Abstract Exotic fruit flies in the family Tephritidae pose a threat to U.S. agriculture and natural resources. As part of ongoing fruit fly detection and exclusion programs, invasive fruit fly adults are periodically trapped in and introduced populations are eradicated from two major fruit producing states: California and Florida. Although the pathways used by flies to enter these states are not clear, one possible introduction pathway is hand-carrying fruits and vegetables infested with eggs or larvae through ports of entry during border crossings or international air travel. These collections represent an important resource for determining what species are most commonly associated with particular ports of entry, their host plants, and source country, making the identification of the intercepted larvae fundamental. Here, we examine cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences obtained with Sanger DNA sequencing and Single Molecule Real-time sequencing (SMRT) technologies on a collection of hundreds of intercepted larvae and pupae that are suspected to be fruit pests found in the subfamily Dacinae, in addition to a collection of field-caught flies. Utilizing Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Circular Consensus Sequencing, we sequenced thousands of independent amplicons in a single SMRT cell. We present our implementation of PacBio’s method by describing wet-lab procedures as well as analytical protocols to automate the process. Finally, for the intercepted material, we compared the generated SMRT data to sequences produced with Sanger and evaluate their quality as a means to identify flies. Using intercepted material, we obtained a sequencing success of over 88% with PacBio’s SMRT sequencing. As the spread of invasive insects grow, so will the size of collections of intercepted material; we found technologies such as SMRT sequencing to be excellent resources to simplify the generation of large amounts of molecular data and to reduce or eliminate all together the manipulation of the sequences.

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Overview and Checklist of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae and Figitidae) of Anastrepha Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in the Brazilian Amazon

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i930426 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 60-74

Author(s):

Maria do Socorro Miranda De Sousa ◽

Jhulie Emille Veloso Dos Santos ◽

Dori Edson Nava ◽

Roberto Antonio Zucchi ◽

Ricardo Adaime

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

The Past ◽

The Family ◽

Fruit Fly Parasitoids

Fruit-bearing plants in the Brazilian Amazon are mainly attacked by species of Anastrepha, of which about half are endemic to the region. However, tritrophic relations (fly/plant/parasitoid) have only been established for some 25% of the species of Anastrepha in the region. At present, 11 species of hymenopterous parasitoids (Braconidae and Figitidae) have been recorded in the Brazilian Amazon. Parasitoids in general, especially those of the family Braconidae, stand out as the most effective natural enemies of fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha. Doryctobracon areolatus is the most abundant parasitoid and it is associated with the largest number of Anastrepha species in the region. Some fruiting species, for example Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana and Geissospermum argenteum Woodson, have been studied aiming at biological control of fruit flies, because they act as reservoirs or multipliers of fruit fly parasitoids. Although research has advanced significantly in the past 20 years, there is a shortage of studies in nearly all states in the region, due to the huge area of the Brazilian Amazon.

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Survey of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) from 23 Species of Fruits Collected in Sleman, Yogyakarta

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.57634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Valentina E. F. Aryuwandari ◽

Y. Andi Trisyono ◽

Suputa Suputa ◽

Stefano De Faveri ◽

Shanmugam Vijaysegaran

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Specific Area ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Management Program ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Malpighia Emarginata ◽

New Hosts

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests of fruits and vegetables in many countries, including Indonesia. Knowledge of the fruit fly host range in a specific area is an important part of the area-wide pest management program to reduce the pest problem. The aim of this study was to extend and update the information on the host range of fruit flies in the Regency of Sleman, Yogyakarta. This area is one of the centers of fruit production, particularly snake fruit in Indonesia. Fruit sampling was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020 in four sub-districts in Sleman consisting of different types of agro-ecosystems. Fruit rearing was carried out in the laboratory followed by identification of the fruit and fruit flies that emerged to species level. From the 23 species of fruits belonging to 14 different families that were collected, the following 6 species of fruit flies emerged: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa, B. albistrigata, B. mcgregori, and Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae utilized the widest range of hosts, 12 and 11 species of fruits, respectively. Syzygium cumini, Malpighia emarginata, and Phaleria macrocarpa were recorded for the first time as new hosts of B. carambolae in Indonesia. Additional data of B. dorsalis and B. carambolae infesting salak cv. pondoh is also reported.

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Abundance and Diversity of Frugivorous Fruit Flies in Kandara, Murang’a County, Kenya

10.52855/slmz8250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

Caroline Muriuki ◽

◽

Mary Guantai ◽

Namikoye Samita ◽

Joseph Mulwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Pheromone Traps ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Weather Patterns ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Ceratitis Cosyra ◽

Agro Ecological Zones

Fruits and vegetables are important source of livelihood to farmers and major horticulture sub sector with high contribution to agricultural GDP in Kenya. This study was conducted to determine diversity and abundance of frugivorous fruit flies in Kandara sub county, Murang’a County in 2018, at a place where first area of low pest population was created in Kenya for Bactrocera dorsalis. Three sets of pheromone traps (Methyl-Eugenol, Cuelure and Trimedlure) were set in six trap stations within farmers’ orchards in four agro-ecological zones (LH1 (Lower Highland Zone), UM1 (Upper Mid-land Zone), UM2, and UM3). The trap catch data was collected fortnightly and data analyzed. Six fruit flies species namely; Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis cosyra, Ceratitis capitata, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Dacus bivittatus and Perilampsis sp were identified. Bactrocera dorsalis population was significantly (P<.001) different across the four agro-ecologies with lowest densities at LH1 and highest at UM3. Likewise, C. capitata recorded significant (P=0.042) difference densities across the agro-ecological zones, but no significant (P=0.386) difference was recorded for C. cosyra across the agro-ecological zones. Further, there was significant (P=0.012) difference in the number of Perilampsis sp across the agro-ecologies with the highest number recorded in UM1. Both Z. cucurbitae (P=0.061) and D. bivittatus (P=0.056) had low abundance across the agro-ecologies. The peak infestation period differed across the various fruit fly species, whereby B. dorsalis peaked in May, C. capitata in February and C. cosyra in January. The study shows that abundance for the fruit flies is probably related to their preferred hostplant and the weather patterns. We recommend continuous monitoring and intensifying trapping activities during peak periods in order to control the pest and protect fruits from damage. Farmers should be trained on the use of pheromone traps to reduce over-reliance on pesticides. Key words: Agro-ecologies, Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis sp, fruit fly density, Pheromone

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Recent Advancements in Studies on Chemosensory Mechanisms Underlying Detection of Semiochemicals in Dacini Fruit Flies of Economic Importance (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12020106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Hajime Ono ◽

Alvin Kah-Wei Hee ◽

Hongbo Jiang

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Olfactory Receptors ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Host Finding ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Future Research ◽

Multiple Characteristic ◽

Functional Analyses ◽

Molecular Components

Dacini fruit flies mainly contain two genera, Bactrocera and Zeugodacus, and include many important pests of fruits and vegetables. Their life cycle is affected by various environmental cues. Among them, multiple characteristic semiochemicals have remarkable effects on their reproductive and host-finding behaviors. Notably, floral fragrances released from so-called fruit fly orchids strongly attract males of several Dacini fruit fly species. Focusing on the strong attraction of male flies to particular chemicals, natural and synthetic lures have been used for pest management. Thus, the perception of semiochemicals is important to understand environmental adaptation in Dacini fruit flies. Since next-generation sequencers are available, a large number of chemosensory-related genes have been identified in Dacini fruit flies, as well as other insects. Furthermore, recent studies have succeeded in the functional analyses of olfactory receptors in response to semiochemicals. Thus, characterization of molecular components required for chemoreception is under way. However, the mechanisms underlying chemoreception remain largely unknown. This paper reviews recent findings on peripheral mechanisms in the perception of odors in Dacini fruit flies, describing related studies in other dipteran species, mainly the model insect Drosophilamelanogaster. Based on the review, important themes for future research have also been discussed.

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Adhesion GPCRs in Glioblastoma

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdab046 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriele Stephan ◽

Niklas Ravn-Boess ◽

Dimitris G Placantonakis

Keyword(s):

G Protein ◽

G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽

The Past ◽

Novel Treatment ◽

The Family ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Basic Biology ◽

G Protein Coupled ◽

Potential Use ◽

Receptor Family

Abstract Members of the adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have received attention for their roles in health and disease, including cancer. Over the past decade, several members of the family have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Here, we discuss the basic biology of adhesion GPCRs and review in detail specific members of the receptor family with known functions in glioblastoma. Finally, we discuss the potential use of adhesion GPCRs as novel treatment targets in neuro-oncology.

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