The Fate of the History of Mentalités in the Annales

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Burguiére
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

In a letter addressed to the medievalist Ferdinand Lot and dated June 1941, Charles Seignobos, hereditary enemy of the Annales, declared, “I have the impression that, for approximately the last quarter-century, the effort to think about historical method, which was vigorous in the 1880s and especially so in the 1890s, has reached a stalemate,” and noted that, as a sign of the times, “the Revue de Synthese Historique … has changed its name.” Seignobos, then only a year before his death, was writing a book on “the principles of the historical method.” His letter alluded to American and German output (“a mediocre American, Barnes, published a fat book in 1925 in which he summarized a large number of works….”), but made no mention of Lucien Febvre, Marc Bloch, or of the Annales, then in its twelfth year. To choose to ignore the Annales while discoursing on historical method is of course unjust and absurd. But aside from this omission, Charles Seignobos's remarks are not without pertinence. It is true that France at the turn of the last century and particularly during the first decade of the twentieth century, had been the center of a passionate and fascinating debate on the nature of historical knowledge, on the legitimacy of its pretensions to be a science, and so forth, and that by the 1940s this debate had ceased.

scholarly journals Organisms, Machines, and Thunderstorms: A History of Self-Organization, Part One

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Fox Keller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of

Over the last quarter century, the term "self-organization" has acquired a currency that, notwithstanding its long history, has been taken to signal a paradigm shift, and perhaps even a scientific revolution, introducing a new Weltanschauungin fields as diverse as mathematics, physics, biology, ecology, cybernetics, economics, sociology, and engineering. But there is a prehistory to this revolution, as to the term itself, with at least two earlier episodes in which the same term was used to signal two other, quite different revolutions. In this paper, I review the pre-history of "self-organization," starting with Immanuel Kant, who first introduced the term, and then turn to the dramatic reframing of the concept by mid-twentieth century engineers. In a subsequent paper, I will review the more recent history of this concept when the term was once again reframed, this time by physicists. My aim will be to situate this latest incarnation of "self-organization" against the backdrop of earlier discussions.

scholarly journals El campo historiográfico en Paraguay en la primera mitad del siglo XX: condicionamientos y monopolio interpretativo / The Historiographic Field in Paraguay in the First Half of the 20th Century: Determining Factors and Interpretative Monopoly

2017 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Tomás Sansón Corbo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xx

En este artículo se estudian las condiciones de producción de conocimiento histórico en Paraguay durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, con el propósito de identificar los factores de carácter estructural que ralentizaron el proceso de configuración de su campo historiográfico. Se examinan las razones por las cuales, en el caso paraguayo, no se articularon de manera adecuada las sinergias entre las dinámicas endógenas y los estímulos externos, lo que trajo un modelo de disciplina diferente del de los demás Estados de la región platense.Palabras claveParaguay, historia de la historiografía, nacionalismo, campo historiográfico.AbstractThis article examines the conditions of production of historical knowledge taken place during the first half of the twentieth century in Paraguay, to identify the structural factors that slowed down the process of formation of its historiographic field. The purpose is to discuss the reasons why there were not adequate synergies between endogenous dynamics and exogenous spurs in Paraguay case. This brought a pattern in the discipline which was different from the rest of States of the River Plate region.Key WordsParaguay, history of historiography, nationalism, historiographic field.

The Games of the Greek Boy

1931 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Walter S. Hett
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Know How ◽  
Modern Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

If, in two thousand years time, any research student is sufficiently interested in the life of twentieth-century Britain, he may read The Times History of the War, as we read Thucydides; he may dig up London and try to reconstruct Westminster Abbey, as the Athenians are now rebuilding the Parthenon. But if our student wants to know how the ordinary Englishman lived, and what were his amusements, he will have to read the modern novel, if indeed any have survived so long. Now the Greek had no novel. The fifth-century Athenian found living far too exciting to waste any of a short life either in reading or in writing novels, even if he had spent sufficient time indoors to cultivate a taste for either; while the Spartan would have suppressed any such attempt, and its author, with ruthless energy. Consequently we cannot turn to any such source to find out what games the Greek boy or man played. No doubt there are allusions scattered throughout Greek literature, especially in the Comedies of Aristophanes, but to give his allusions their true significance is as difficult a task as our student two thousand years hence will find it to reconstruct any phase of modern society from the pages of Punch.

Backward Looks and Forward Glimpses from a Quincentennial Vantage Point

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Halperín Donghi
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
World Order ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lost Decade ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
The Times

As the quincentennial of what we do not dare to call the discovery of the New World approaches, Spanish America remains impervious to the festive mood reigning in Spain. The reasons are painfully obvious: a region facing an at best uncertain future, while trying to close the wounds opened by a quarter-century of acute sociopolitical confrontation, and still reeling under the blows inflicted to its economy during the unlamented ‘lost decade’ just closed, has good reason to wonder whether it has anything to celebrate.Justified as it may be, the despondency caused by recent misfortunes does not offer the best inspiration to achieve a fair and balanced view of a five-centuries long historical experience. It is enough to compare the assessments inspired by the current centennial milestone with those of one century ago to discover how dangerous it is to pass judgement on such an experience by projecting onto it the dominant features of the immediate present.Yet in 1892 the times were not much more brilliant than today; several among the largest neo-hispanic countries were suffering the devastating impact of the worst economic crisis in their history: these circumstances did not, however, seriously undermine the optimism with which they looked at their future, an optimism that encouraged the founding fathers of their national historiographies to take in their stride the sombre aspects of the national past. If today a very different approach seems in order, it is not only because the atrocious history of our century has all but killed the faith nineteenth-century historians deposited in all kinds of manifest destinies, but perhaps also because of the justified suspicion that what Latin America faces today is different in kind from the streaks of bad luck all too frequent in its short history, that the world-wide transformations that reached spectacular culmination in the breakdown of the ‘really existing socialism’ are full of menace for the region, and the practical wisdom distilled from the experience of the past five centuries cannot offer any valid guidance for the challenges of the ‘new world order’ that is currently striving to be born.

scholarly journals Lesia Turchak

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Lesia Turchak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Cultural Method ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Results

The purpose of the article is to define Vasyl Yemets’ impact on the development of Ukrainian and world musical culture. The research methodology provides a theoretical method to reveal different aspects of the issue under study; historical method to systematise and synchronise information and investigate the issue essence, cultural method to trace individual stages of the artist’s work and reveal his specifics performing skills. The scientific novelty of the study is to determine Vasyl Yemets’ contribution to the development of Ukrainian bandura art, the features of its Instrumental performance and theoretical results, which has become an essential tool for preserving and spreading Ukrainian culture. Conclusions. It is proved that Vasyl Yemets’ contribution to the world and Ukrainian musical culture consists in developing his own combined way of playing, mixing the traditions of Kharkiv, Chernihiv and Poltava schools. It is proved that he went down in the history of the twentieth-century bandura art as a soloist-performer of a new concert type-virtuosoinstrumentalist, composer and arranger, bandura designer-innovator, author of scientific and journalistic works on the history of Kobzar art, as well as as an artist who brought Ukrainian musical culture to the world level, proposed the standard of the solo concert performance on the instrument and formed the principles laid down in the basis of the work of his followers in the Ukrainian cultural and musical environment of Europe and America.

La beatificazione dei vescovi romeni uniti, alla luce della teologia del martirio

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Alexandru Buzalic ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Church Of Christ ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Long Line ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Ancient Christianity ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
The Church

The Beatification of the United Romanian Bishops, in the Light of the Theology of Martyrdom. The Church of Christ fulfills three functions in the history of salvation: martyria, leiturgia and diakonia. Confession of Faith, martyria, it is a fundamental mission entrusted to the Church, which is exercised by preaching the Gospel (Matt. 28:19), the Logos transmitted and explained, the life in the faith and defending it from internal enemies (schisms, polemics, etc.) or external ones (heresies and persecutions). Since the times of apostolic and ancient Christianity martyria was achieved through a testimony of faith strengthened by resistance to persecution and the radicality of the sacrifice of life, starting with St. Stephen, passing through the long line of martyrs of all times, in 1623 by the martyrdom of St. Archbishop Joshaphat for the unity of the Church, the Churches United confessing from now on, with the price of shed blood, the faith and mission entrusted by Jesus “that all may be one” (Jn 17:20). During the persecutions of the twentieth century, the United Romanian Church wrote a page in the “theology of martyrdom”, building the Church, fulfilling its crown of martyrdom, the beatification of martyrs to restore the unity of the Church opening a new stage in the history and mission of contemporary Christianity. Keywords: beatification, Church, Catholicism, Greek Catholicism, martyrdom, theology, unity.

scholarly journals LEGITIMASI KEKUASAAN ATAS SEJARAH KERUNTUHAN KERAJAAN MAJAPAHIT DALAM WACANA FOUCAULT

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Birsyada
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

<p class="IIABSBARU">The history of the collapse of the Majapahit showed the discourse of power. In this context  rule has been supporting a particular version of historical knowledge. Applying  historical method and multi-dimensional approach, this study aims to find out why the knowledge about the collapse of Majapahit spreading among community members was more tended toward the version that Girindra-wardhana  as a single actor who overthrow Prabu Brawijaya V. The results of this study indicated  that the knowledge  among Javanese  community about the collapse  of Majapahit that stated Girindrawardhana as the sole actor that attacked  and subverted  the kingdom of Majapahit which at the time was ruled by King Kertabhumi (Brawijaya V) is supported by a wide range of all power of the ruling elite that were largely due to ideological motives. Power and ideology are used as a means of legalizing knowledge.</p><p class="IIABSBARU">***</p><p class="NewStyle17">Sejarah runtuhnya Majapahit memunculkan diskursus yang menampilkan ke­kuasaan. Dengan demikian kekuasaan telah menyokong versi pengetahuan sejarah tertentu. Dengan menggunakan metode sejarah dan pendekatan multi-dimensional, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengapa penge­tahuan tentang peristiwa runtuhnya Majapahit yang berkembang dalam masyarakat lebih me­nisbatkan pada versi Girindrawardhana sebagai aktor tunggal yang melengserkan kekuasaan Prabu Brawijaya V. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjuk­kan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat Jawa mengenai peristiwa runtuhnya Majapahit yang meletakkan Girindrawardhana sebagai aktor tunggal yang menyerang dan menumbangkan kerajaan Majapahit yang pada waktu diperintah oleh Prabu Kertabhumi (Brawijaya V) disokong oleh berbagai ke­kuataan elit penguasa yang sebagian besar karena motif ideologi. Kekuasaan dan ideologi digunakan sebagai alat legalisasi pengetahuan.</p>

scholarly journals TRANSFORMASI KESALIHAN SOSIAL ZAKAT, INFAQ, DAN SHADAQAH MASYARAKAT RANGKASBITUNG PADA TAHUN 1978-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Weny Widyawati Bastaman ◽  
Siti Sri Suhartini
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
The Times

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang adat istiadat yang ada pada masyarakat Dusun Kuta, dan bagaimana peran keluarga dalam mensosialisasikan kepada anggota keluarganya. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif serta penemuan kuantitatif yang mendukung. Selanjutnya data diinterpretasi, sehingga menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis dari orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dalam proses sosialisasi adat istiadat, keluarga memegang peranan yang amat penting, karena melalaui keluarga inilah anak-anak mengalami proses sosialisasi yang pertama dan mendasari semua proses sosialisasi lebih lanjut. Ibu, bapak mengajari anak-anaknya tentang sikap dan perilaku yang baik menurut adat dan harus dilakukan serta sikap dan perilaku yang tidak boleh dilakukan karena bertentangan dengan adat. Adat istiadat Dusun Kuta yang disosialisasikan itu, antara lain: perilaku dalam hidupan sehari-hari, pekerjaan dalam mencari/mendapatkan nafkah, bentuk dan bahan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan rumah, syarat dan tatacara penentuan kuncen, larangan-larangan dan keharusan-keharusan yang berkaitan dengan keberadaan tempat-tempat yang dianggap keramat.Zakat, infaq and sadaqah have been known and carried out by Muslims for a long time. Along with the times in managing zakat, infaq and sadaqah experienced changes and developments. The method used in this study is a historical method consisting of topic selection, heuristics, namely; data collection consisting of primary data sources and secondary data sources, verification, namely; historical criticism or the validity of the source by means of internal criticism and external criticism, interpretation of data namely; interpretation of data that has been verified, and historiography, namely; write down the results of the study. The results of this study indicate that in the management of zakat, infaq, and sadaqah there are changes and developments. In the history of its development starting from traditional and now there are institutions that manage zakat, infaq, and sadaqah in a professional manner, in terms of management, which are initially consumptive but now more productive, and changes in social values from the implementation of zakat, infaq and shadaqah (muzakki) can better know the condition of the mustahik (zakat recipients). Whereas institutionally tend to only carry out obligations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document