Plantinga and the Naturalized Epistemology of Thomas Reid

Dialogue ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Todd
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Christian Belief ◽  
Naturalized Epistemology ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
William Alston ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Fred Dretske ◽  
Classical Foundationalism

These two books are Volumes 1 and 2 of a three-volume work; the projected third volume, Warranted Christian Belief, has yet to be published. In the first volume, Warrant: The Current Debate, Plantinga surveys the current chaos in epistemology stemming from the breakdown of classical foundationalism and examines critically the efforts of several contemporary philosophers to introduce some order into the field, most particularly Roderick Chisholm, William Alston, John Pollock, Laurence BonJour and, to a lesser extent, others such as Richard Foley, Fred Dretske and Alvin Goldman. In this volume, Plantinga is trying not only to put out of play the views he rejects but also to provide the reader with anticipations of his own views in Warrant and Proper Function. Although there is an immense amount of overlap between these books, and there is much cross-referencing, they are not continuous; each can be read entirely independently of the other. Even should, through some misfortune, the projected third volume fail to be written, these two volumes are certain to stand for a long time as exceptionally important works. Warrant and Proper Function, in particular, is likely to generate a veritable Niagara of Ph.D. theses in a field many had come to see as having reached the point of diminishing nits.

The Skeptic and The Madman: The Proto‐Pragmatism of Thomas Reid

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lundestad
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Other Hand

Even though the philosophy of common sense is not justifi able as such, the assump- tion upon which it rests, namely that there are things which we are not in position to doubt is correct. The reason why Thomas Reid was unable to bring this assumption out in a justifi able manner is that his views, both on knowledge and nature, are to be considered dogmatic. American pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce and John Dewey on the other hand, may be seen as offering us a ‘critical’ and post-Darwinian philosophy of common sense.

On the Future of the Financial Redistribution across Member States in the EU

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Sándor Richter
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Cross Member ◽  
Expenditure Structure ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

The order and modalities of cross-member state redistribution as well as the net financial position of the member states are one of the most widely discussed aspects of European integration. The paper addresses selected issues in the current debate on the EU budget for the period 2007 to 2013 and introduces four scenarios. The first is identical to the European Commission's proposal; the second is based on reducing the budget to 1% of the EU's GNI, as proposed by the six net-payer countries, while maintaining the expenditure structure of the Commission's proposal. The next two scenarios represent radical reforms: one of them also features a '1% EU GNI'; however, the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are left unchanged and it is envisaged that the requisite cuts will be made in the expenditures earmarked for cohesion. The other reform scenario is different from the former one in that the cohesion-related expenditures are left unchanged and the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are reduced. After the comparison of the various scenarios, the allocation of transfers to the new member states in terms of the conditions prevailing in the different scenarios is analysed.

Leading with Pedagogical Tact- a Challenge in Children's Sports in Sweden

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krister Hertting
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Youth Politics ◽  
Pedagogical Tact ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Swedish Society ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Voluntary Commitment

Leading with Pedagogical Tact- a Challenge in Children's Sports in Sweden The purpose of this article is to elucidate and problemize meetings between children and leaders in children's sport. The competitive sport is high valuated in the Swedish society and sport for children is central in the Swedish youth politics. The foundation in Swedish sport, as well as in the other Nordic countries, has for a long time relied on voluntary commitment. Approximately 650 000 people are voluntary engaged as leaders in sport in Sweden and 70% of children between 7 and 14 years compete in sports clubs. There is, however, a tension in the Swedish sport system. The sports for children has double missions - ‘association nurturing’ and ‘competition nurturing’, missions which are not always in harmony. In the daily activity it is the voluntary leaders who have to deal with these missions, which creates a field of tension. In this article I argue for a bridge between these missions by a leadership based on pedagogical tact. The empirical outlook is a narrative based on statements from leaders, children and parents in a study dealing with voluntary leadership within children's football. In the end I argue that focusing on this bridge is a win-win situation, both for children and sports.

Introduction and overview of the current situation regarding the employment of biomass

2014 ◽  
pp. 691-697
Author(s):  
Suleiman José Hassuani
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

The sugarcane industry for a long time has focused only on the cane juice, its extraction and conversion to sugar. Bagasse was considered a residue and burnt inefficiently to generate steam and power. In the last decades, bagasse gradually started to be converted into energy in a more efficient way, supplying all the sugar industry energy needs (power, and steam) and, in some cases, significant excess electricity has been exported to the grid, becoming another important source of revenue. This motivated several studies of more advanced energy generation systems to boost energy exports. In more recent years, technologies called 2nd and 3rd generation have taken over the scene with many options, promising to convert biomass into more valuable products such as biofuels, chemicals, fertilisers, pellets, etc. Unfilled expectations and opportunities are rising. On the other hand, these technologies are competing for the same biomass, and this has to be considered. The industry has started to question ‘which way to go’, strategy and investment wise. The present study provides a broad scenario for the biomass availability, and its employment, with a close view to the main processes and products that might have an important role in the future of the biomass in the sugarcane industry.

Interrelationship of Jatharagni and Dhatvagni in context to Dhatvagni Pradoshaj Vikaras.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor G. Satani ◽  
Hemang Raghvani ◽  
Kunjal Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Structural Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
One Step ◽  
Material Form

The concept of Agni is basic concept of Ayurveda. Agni is believed to be the agency for any kind of transformation. Maharshi Vagbhatta says that each of the Dosha, Dhatu, Mala etc. have their own Agni. This is how the number of Agni cannot be limited. Though each and every Agni has its own importance, Dehagni or Jatharagni is the most important one as all other Agnis are depended upon Dehagni. Acharya Vagbhatta says that proper function of every Dhatvagni is depended on the Jatharagni. Increase or decrease of Jatharagni directly affects the function of Dhatvagni. Thus, Maharshi Charaka established functional relationship among Jatharagni and other Agnis. Maharshi Vagbhattta goes one step ahead of Maharshi Charaka by using word “Amsha” means; moieties of Kayagni, located to in its own place, are distributed to and permeate to all the Dhatus. A decrease of it (below the normal) makes for an increase of the Dhatus, while an increase of it (above the normal) makes for a decrease of a Dhatus. This shows structural relationship too, between Jatharagni and Dhatvagni as “Amsha” always indicates Murtatva or material form. Further more all these Agnis are connected with each other and due to this relationship, vitiation of Jatharagni results in vitiation of all the other Agnis.

scholarly journals The endoribonuclease N4BP1 prevents psoriasis by controlling both keratinocytes proliferation and neutrophil infiltration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenliang Gou ◽  
Wenkai Ni ◽  
Panpan Ma ◽  
Fengbo Zhao ◽  
Zhou Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Psoriatic Skin ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Upregulated Genes

AbstractPsoriasis is a common chronic skin disease, characterized by abnormal interplay between hyperproliferative epidermal keratinocytes and self-reactive immune cells with not fully addressed molecular mechanism. N4BP1 (NEDD4-binding protein 1) is considered as an immune regulator for a long time but its physiological role is not determined yet. Here, we found that the expression of N4BP1 in skin was highest among all 54 tested tissues, and its expression was further upregulated in psoriatic skin. N4BP1-deficient mice exhibited normal grossly, but developed severe and prolonged IMQ-induced psoriasis-like disease comparing to controls. N4BP1 mainly expressed in keratinocytes and located on nucleus. Up- but not downregulated genes in N4BP1-deficient skin were specifically enriched in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. The proliferation of N4BP1-deficient primary keratinocytes was faster compared to that of controls. The upregulated genes upon ablation of N4BP1 were highly enriched in targets of AP-1 transcription factor. Knocking out N4BP1 resulted in upregulation of JunB and FosB, and conversely, overexpression of N4BP1 greatly reduced their expression. Furthermore, N4BP1 binds with JunB and FosB encoding mRNAs and greatly reduces their stability. In addition, with a high expression in neutrophils, N4BP1 limits survival of neutrophils in blood and infiltration of neutrophils in psoriatic skin by targeting CXCL1, CCL20, and S100A8. These findings demonstrate that N4BP1 controls the proper function of keratinocytes and neutrophils by negatively regulating JunB, FosB, and CXCL1, respectively, and that is critical for psoriasis prevention.

scholarly journals A Discontinuity of the Energy of Quantum Walk in Impurities

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Kenta Higuchi ◽  
Takashi Komatsu ◽  
Norio Konno ◽  
Hisashi Morioka ◽  
Etsuo Segawa
Keyword(s):  
Unit Circle ◽  
Stationary State ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Quantum Walk ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unitary Matrix ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Time Quantum ◽  
Long Time

We consider the discrete-time quantum walk whose local dynamics is denoted by a common unitary matrix C at the perturbed region {0,1,⋯,M−1} and free at the other positions. We obtain the stationary state with a bounded initial state. The initial state is set so that the perturbed region receives the inflow ωn at time n(|ω|=1). From this expression, we compute the scattering on the surface of −1 and M and also compute the quantity how quantum walker accumulates in the perturbed region; namely, the energy of the quantum walk, in the long time limit. The frequency of the initial state of the influence to the energy is symmetric on the unit circle in the complex plain. We find a discontinuity of the energy with respect to the frequency of the inflow.

scholarly journals Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships within Passeriformes Based on Mitochondrial Genes and Inferring the Evolution of Their Mitogenomes in Terms of Duplications

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2824-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Mackiewicz ◽  
Adam Dawid Urantówka ◽  
Aleksandra Kroczak ◽  
Dorota Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tree Topologies

Abstract Mitochondrial genes are placed on one molecule, which implies that they should carry consistent phylogenetic information. Following this advantage, we present a well-supported phylogeny based on mitochondrial genomes from almost 300 representatives of Passeriformes, the most numerous and differentiated Aves order. The analyses resolved the phylogenetic position of paraphyletic Basal and Transitional Oscines. Passerida occurred divided into two groups, one containing Paroidea and Sylvioidea, whereas the other, Passeroidea and Muscicapoidea. Analyses of mitogenomes showed four types of rearrangements including a duplicated control region (CR) with adjacent genes. Mapping the presence and absence of duplications onto the phylogenetic tree revealed that the duplication was the ancestral state for passerines and was maintained in early diverged lineages. Next, the duplication could be lost and occurred independently at least four times according to the most parsimonious scenario. In some lineages, two CR copies have been inherited from an ancient duplication and highly diverged, whereas in others, the second copy became similar to the first one due to concerted evolution. The second CR copies accumulated over twice as many substitutions as the first ones. However, the second CRs were not completely eliminated and were retained for a long time, which suggests that both regions can fulfill an important role in mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on CR sequences subjected to the complex evolution can produce tree topologies inconsistent with real evolutionary relationships between species. Passerines with two CRs showed a higher metabolic rate in relation to their body mass.

COMMUNICATING EMPIRE: THE HABSBURGS AND THEIR CRITICS, 1700–1919

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Power Base ◽  
The One ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACTIn the vibrant current debate about European empires and their ideologies, one basic dichotomy still tends to be overlooked: that between, on the one hand, the plurality of modern empires of colonisation, commerce and settlement; and, on the other, the traditional claim to single and undividedimperiumso long embodied in the Roman Empire and its successor, the Holy Roman Empire, or (First) Reich. This paper examines the tensions between the two, as manifested in the theory and practice of Habsburg imperial rule. The Habsburgs, emperors of the Reich almost continuously through its last centuries, sought to build their own power-base within and beyond it. The first half of the paper examines how by the eighteenth century their ‘Monarchy’, subsisting alongside the Reich, dealt with the associated legacy of empire. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 the Habsburgs could pursue a free-standing Austrian ‘imperialism’, but it rested on an uneasy combination of old and new elements and was correspondingly vulnerable to challenge from abroad and censure at home. The second half of the article charts this aspect of Habsburg government through an age of international imperialism and its contribution to the collapse of the Dual Monarchy in 1918.

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