Growth and Productivity of Tapioca (Manihot utilissima) IV. Devlopment and Yield of Tubers

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Tissue Cells

SUMMARYRoot measurements on three Malayan varieties of tapioca (high, medium and low-yielding clones) showed that the onset of tuberization brings about a slowing-down or cessation of growth in root length, but no changes in stem growth rate were associated with the onset of tuber growth. High yield was associated with high tuber weight rather than with tuber number, which could be related to the size of storage tissue cells formed by the root cambium. The process of tuberization in tapioca is discussed generally.

scholarly journals Varietal differences in growth, development and tuber production of potatoes.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
H.D.G. Meyling ◽  
K.B.A. Bodlaender
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Stem Development

In 1967-9, a comparative study was carried out on growth and development in relation to tuber production in 6 potato cv. Differences in productivity were not caused by 1 single growth or development parameter. The intervarietal yield differences were distinctly associated with genetic differences including leaf efficiency and size of the leaf apparatus, rate of stem growth and stem development and the earliness of cv., as well as by weather conditions. Early cv. were characterized by a higher growth rate and favourable DM distribution between June and July. Productivity of the later cv. was especially enhanced by a longer leaf area duration. This was a result of the slower senescence of the foliage during Aug. and Sept. The importance of the relation between stem and tuber growth was more distinct, whereas favourable tuber/stem ratios were independent of the earliness of cv. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The relation between flower initiation and sink strength of stems and tubers of Jerusalem artichoke.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
W.J.M. Meijer ◽  
E.W.J.M. Mathijssen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Storage Cells

In a field experiment with a late cultivar (Violet de Rennes) the relation between flower initiation and the onset of redistribution of stem reserves and rapid tuber filling was studied. The treatments, which comprised long day (18-h photoperiod) treatment, application of the growth retardant triapenthenol at 3 kg/ha, transplanting or delayed planting, were designed to vary the duration of the vegetative plant stage or to alter the pattern of dry matter distribution. During the vegetative stage, tuber growth proceeded at a slow rate (about 20 kg ha-1 d-1) and inulin accumulated in the stems. With the plants that were kept vegetative by prolonging daylength, the tuber growth rate remained at that low level until final harvest. At the beginning of Sep. the plants in all other treatments showed flower initiation at the apices and thereafter tuber filling rates were much higher. From the similar growth rate per tuber, with crops differing considerably in tuber number per unit area, it is concluded that total tuber growth depends not on assimilate availability but on the storage capacity, i.e. the number of tubers or number of storage cells, and is therefore sink limited. Tuber number appeared to be linearly related to a cumulative temperature. The changes in relative sink strength of stems and tubers over the growth period are discussed as well as the metabolic costs and economic risks of the temporary inulin storage in the stems. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals VARIABILTY AND STABILTY OF TUBER YIELD OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus L.) / VARIABILIDAD Y ESTABILIDAD DEL RENDIMIENTO DE TUBERCULOS DEL TOPINAMBO / VARIABILITÉ ET STABILITÉ DU RENDEMENT DU TUBERCULE DE TOPINAMBUR

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janoš Berenji ◽  
Vladimir Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARYThe objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic and ecological variation as well as the stability of tuber yield per plant, tuber number per plant and tuber size of Jerusalem artichoke based on the results of a variety trial carried out with 20 different Jerusalem artichoke varieties during the period of 1994-2000. Significant genetic as well as ecologycal variation was observed for all of the traits studied. The most promissing varieties showing high tuber yield combined with high yield stability were “BT-4”, “Violet Rennes” and “UKR 4/ 82”. It is encouraging that the highest yielding varieties exibited a rather stable performance over environments.

scholarly journals Investigating the Type of Gene Action Conditioning Tolerance to Aluminum (Al) Toxicity in Tropical Maize

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Victoria Ndeke ◽  
Langa Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Maize is a third important cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice. In Zambia, it is an important staple crop. Its production is however hampered by both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors, Aluminum (Al) toxicity causes high yield losses and is directly linked to acidic soils. Application of lime can ameliorate this problem, but it is expensive for small scale farmers. Developing maize varieties that are tolerant to Al toxicity is cheaper and feasible for small scale farmers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the type of gene action conditioning tolerance to aluminum toxicity in tropical maize.  Eleven inbred lines were mated in an 8 male (4 moderately tolerant and 4 susceptible) x 3 female (resistant) North Carolina Design II. Results revealed that general combining ability (GCA) effects due to both males and females were highly significant (P≤ 0.001) for root biomass. The shoot length GCA effects due to both male and female respectively were significant (P≤ 0.01). Similarly, the GCA effects due to females and males for root length were significant, P≤ 0.01 and P≤ 0.05 respectively. The genotype CML 511 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (1.40) for root length among the male lines while CML 538 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (0.92) among the female lines. The baker’s ratio for root length was found to be 0.49 implying that both additive and non-additive gene action were important in conditioning aluminum toxicity tolerance in tropical maize.

Response of wheat to single short-term waterlogging during and after stem elongation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Meyer ◽  
HD Barrs
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Short Term

Transient waterlogging associated with spring irrigations on slowly draining soils causes yield reduction in irrigated wheat. Physiological responses to short-term flooding are not well understood. The aim of this experiment was to monitor above- and below-ground responses of wheat to single waterlogging events during and after stem elongation and to assess the sensitivity of the crop at these growth stages to flooding. Wheat (cv. Bindawarra) was grown in drainage lysimeters of undisturbed cores of Marah clay loam soil. A control treatment (F0) was well-watered throughout the season without surface flooding, while three others were flooded for 96 h at stem elongation (Fl), flag leaf emergence (F2) and anthesis (F3), respectively. Soil water content, soil O2, root length density, leaf and stem growth, apparent photosynthesis (APS), plant nutrient status and grain yield were measured. Soil water content increased and soil O2 levels decreased following flooding; the rate of soil O2 depletion increasing with crop age and root length. Leaf and stem growth and APS increased immediately following flooding, the magnitude of the increases was in the order F1 >F2>F3. A similar order existed in the effect of flooding which decreased the number of roots. Subsequently, leaf and stem growth decreased below that of F0 plants in F1, and briefly in F2. Decreases in APS of treated plants compared to F0 plants appeared to be due to their greater sensitivity to soil water deficit. There was no effect of flooding on grain yield. It is suggested that, while plant sensitivity to flooding decreased with age, flooding at stem elongation had no lasting detrimental effect on yield when post-flood watering was well controlled.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen on yield and chlorophyll of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semiha Güler
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Effects of nitrogen on the leaf chlorophyll (chl), yield and yield attributing characters of potato as tuber number and mean tuber weight were studied. Correlation coefficients between the investigated characters were determined. Five nitrogen rates (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg/ha) and four potato cultivars (Burren, Slaney, Anna and Emma) were used in the study. First, second, third class tuber yields and total tuber yield, tuber number per plant, and leaf chl were significantly influenced by both nitrogen rate and cultivar, whereas mean tuber weight was affected only by cultivar. Maximum total yield was obtained at 200 kg N/ha. There was significant linear relationship between leaf chl and N applied (R2=0.91). There were significant correlations between chl and yield and yield related characters. Total yield significantly correlated with leaf chl. Correlations between first class yield and total yield as well as total yield and tuber number per plant were highly significant.   Key words: Potato; Solanum tuberosum L.; Leaf chlorophyll; Nitrogen; Yield DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5141 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 163-169, 2009 (December)  

NaCl salinity affects lateral root development in Plantago maritima

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rubinigg ◽  
Julia Wenisch ◽  
J. Theo M. Elzenga ◽  
Ineke Stulen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Root growth and morphology were assessed weekly in hydroponically-grown seedlings of the halophyte Plantago maritima L. during exposure to 0, 50, 100 and 200 mm NaCl for 21 d. Relative growth rate was reduced by 25% at 200 mm NaCl. The lower NaCl treatments did not affect relative growth rates. Primary and lateral roots responded differently to NaCl. While primary-root length increased at all NaCl concentrations, total lateral-root length increased at 50 and was not affected at 100 mm but was considerably reduced at 200 mm NaCl. NaCl concentrations of 50 and 100 mm, which had no effect on relative growth rate or total lateral-root length, severely affected root branching pattern in that the number of first, second and third order laterals was reduced. At 200 mm NaCl third order laterals were not formed at all. However, mean lateral-root length was increased at all NaCl concentrations and was highest at 200 mm NaCl. We conclude that the increase in total lateral-root length in plants at 50 and 100 mm NaCl was mainly caused by increased length growth, while the decrease in total lateral-root length at 200 mm was the consequence of inhibition of lateral root primordia and / or the activation of apical meristems rather than reduced length growth.

Dependence of Dioscorea Tuber Growth Rate on Water Content of an Andept Soil

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray F. Dawson ◽  
Jeffrey E. Shrum ◽  
Robert A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tuber Growth

The biology of Calocaris macandreae [Crustacea: Thalassinidea]

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Moult Cycle ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Population Numbers

Previous work on the biology and distribution of Calocaris is discussed briefly. The distribution in Northumberland waters is considered in relation to depth and bottom sediment.Quantitative monthly samples show that population numbers remain very stable throughout the year. A well marked egg-laying period occurs in January-February when relatively few eggs (average 38) are attached to the pleopods. Eggs are carried for 8–9 months and hatch in September-October. By a combination of size-frequency distribution and gonad-developmnt classification the age-groups in the population are interpreted. After passing through a phase of testes development and spermatophore formation individuals lay their first batch of eggs at the end of the 5th year. The ovaries regenerate over a 2-year period and a second egg-laying takes place at the end of the 7th year with a possible third at the end of the 9th year. The incidence of soft individuals in the samples together with observed changes in the coverage with epifaunistic growths indicate that after entering the 5th year a single annual moult cycle begins with a slowing down in growth rate.Population numbers, fecundity and larval survival are discussed. Both the survival curve and the apparent lack of serious predation suggest that the population reaches senescence

scholarly journals APLIKASI PUPUK KOMPOS DAN FREKUENSI PEMUPUKAN NPK DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L) PADA TANAH GAMBUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Selvia Sutriana ◽  
M. Nur
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Main Application ◽  
Main Effects

ABSTRACT Peatlands is a very specific ecosystem with conditions that are always flooded, fragile, relatively infertile, able to absorb more water, and bad aeration. Riau has the largest peat land, which is 64% of the total peatlands area in Sumatra, but the development of shallot has not been intensively cultivated. So it must be dealt with seriously. The use of compost fertilizer and the frequency of NPK apply can improve the nature of these peatlands and increase crop production. The aim of study was to determine the interaction effect and the main application of compost and the frequency of NPK apply to increasing shallot production on peat soil. Research conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Experimental Farm, Riau Islamic University during 6 month, i.e. form March - August 2018. Factorial Completely Randomized Research design, the first factor was 10, 20 and 30 tons/ha of corn compost, the second factor was NPK 16:16:16 fertilization frequency 1 and 2 fertilizing doses of 150, 300 and 450 kg/ha. Parameters observed were peat analysis, tuber number, tuber diameter, wet tuber weight per clump, dry tuber weight per clump and percentage of tuber shrinkage. The results showed that the interaction and main effects were significant for all observed parameters with the best treatment of compost is 30 tons/ha and 2 times the fertilizer dose of 150 kg/ha per application (300 kg/ha). Keywords: Shallot, Frequency, Compost, Fertilization, NPK, Production

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document