scholarly journals The relation between flower initiation and sink strength of stems and tubers of Jerusalem artichoke.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
W.J.M. Meijer ◽  
E.W.J.M. Mathijssen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Storage Cells

In a field experiment with a late cultivar (Violet de Rennes) the relation between flower initiation and the onset of redistribution of stem reserves and rapid tuber filling was studied. The treatments, which comprised long day (18-h photoperiod) treatment, application of the growth retardant triapenthenol at 3 kg/ha, transplanting or delayed planting, were designed to vary the duration of the vegetative plant stage or to alter the pattern of dry matter distribution. During the vegetative stage, tuber growth proceeded at a slow rate (about 20 kg ha-1 d-1) and inulin accumulated in the stems. With the plants that were kept vegetative by prolonging daylength, the tuber growth rate remained at that low level until final harvest. At the beginning of Sep. the plants in all other treatments showed flower initiation at the apices and thereafter tuber filling rates were much higher. From the similar growth rate per tuber, with crops differing considerably in tuber number per unit area, it is concluded that total tuber growth depends not on assimilate availability but on the storage capacity, i.e. the number of tubers or number of storage cells, and is therefore sink limited. Tuber number appeared to be linearly related to a cumulative temperature. The changes in relative sink strength of stems and tubers over the growth period are discussed as well as the metabolic costs and economic risks of the temporary inulin storage in the stems. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Growth and Productivity of Tapioca (Manihot utilissima) IV. Devlopment and Yield of Tubers

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Tissue Cells

SUMMARYRoot measurements on three Malayan varieties of tapioca (high, medium and low-yielding clones) showed that the onset of tuberization brings about a slowing-down or cessation of growth in root length, but no changes in stem growth rate were associated with the onset of tuber growth. High yield was associated with high tuber weight rather than with tuber number, which could be related to the size of storage tissue cells formed by the root cambium. The process of tuberization in tapioca is discussed generally.

scholarly journals VARIABILTY AND STABILTY OF TUBER YIELD OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus L.) / VARIABILIDAD Y ESTABILIDAD DEL RENDIMIENTO DE TUBERCULOS DEL TOPINAMBO / VARIABILITÉ ET STABILITÉ DU RENDEMENT DU TUBERCULE DE TOPINAMBUR

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janoš Berenji ◽  
Vladimir Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARYThe objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic and ecological variation as well as the stability of tuber yield per plant, tuber number per plant and tuber size of Jerusalem artichoke based on the results of a variety trial carried out with 20 different Jerusalem artichoke varieties during the period of 1994-2000. Significant genetic as well as ecologycal variation was observed for all of the traits studied. The most promissing varieties showing high tuber yield combined with high yield stability were “BT-4”, “Violet Rennes” and “UKR 4/ 82”. It is encouraging that the highest yielding varieties exibited a rather stable performance over environments.

In-Situ Dual-Wavelength Ellipsometry and Light Scattering Monitoring of Si/Si1−xGex Heterostructures and Multiuantum Wells

1993 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pickering ◽  
D.A.O. Hope ◽  
W.Y. Leong ◽  
D.J. Robbins ◽  
R. Greef
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Laser Light Scattering ◽  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Dual Wavelength ◽  
Multi Quantum Well ◽  
Refractive Index Data

AbstractIn-situ dual-wavelength ellipsometry and laser light scattering have been used to monitor growth of Si/Si1−x,Gex heterojunction bipolar transistor and multi-quantum well (MQW) structures. The growth rate of B-doped Si0 8Ge0.2 has been shown to be linear, but that of As-doped Si is non-linear, decreasing with time. Refractive index data have been obtained at the growth temperature for x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.25. Interface regions ∼ 6-20Å thickness have been detected at hetero-interfaces and during interrupted alloy growth. Period-to-period repeatability of MQW structures has been shown to be ±lML.

scholarly journals Standardizing the Hydrogel Application Rates and Foliar Nutrition for Enhancing Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris)

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashidhar K. Shankarappa ◽  
Samuel J. Muniyandi ◽  
Ajay B. Chandrashekar ◽  
Amit K. Singh ◽  
Premaradhya Nagabhushanaradhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Pod Development

Lentil (Lens culinaris) is an important winter season annual legume crop known for its highly valued seed in human and animal nutrition owing to its high lysine and tryptophan content. Shortage of water during the crop growth period has become the major impediment for cultivation of pulses in rice fallow in particular. Under such conditions, the application of hydrogel can be a potential alternative to improve photosynthetic efficiency, assimilate partitioning, and increase growth and yield. A field experiment was conducted from November to February during 2015–16 to 2017–18 on clay loam soil that was medium in fertility and acidic in reaction (pH 5.4) at Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. There were three hydrogel levels in total in the main plot and foliar nutrition with five different nutrient sprays in sub-plots, together comprising 15 treatment combinations. The data pooled over three years, 2015–2018, revealed that application of hydrogel at 5 kg/ha before sowing recorded a significantly greater number of pods per plant (38.0) and seed yield (1032.1 kg/ha) over the control. Foliar application of nutrients over flower initiation and pod development had a positive effect on increasing the number of pods per plant eventually enhanced the seed yield of lentil. Foliar application of either 0.5% NPK or salicylic acid 75 ppm spray at flower initiation and pod development stages recorded significantly more pods per plant over other nutrient treatments. Further, the yield attributed improved because of elevated growth in plant. Significantly maximum seed yield (956 kg/ha) recorded in the NPK spray of 0.5% remained on par with salicylic acid 75 ppm (939 kg/ha) over the rest of the treatments.

scholarly journals The AMPK-PP2A axis in insect fat body is activated by 20-hydroxyecdysone to antagonize insulin/IGF signaling and restrict growth rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 9292-9301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwei Yuan ◽  
Shun Zhou ◽  
Suning Liu ◽  
Kang Li ◽  
Haigang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Phosphatase 2A

In insects, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) limits the growth period by triggering developmental transitions; 20E also modulates the growth rate by antagonizing insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS). Previous work has shown that 20E cross-talks with IIS, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we found that, in both the silkworm Bombyx mori and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, 20E antagonized IIS through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) axis in the fat body and suppressed the growth rate. During Bombyx larval molt or Drosophila pupariation, high levels of 20E activate AMPK, a molecular sensor that maintains energy homeostasis in the insect fat body. In turn, AMPK activates PP2A, which further dephosphorylates insulin receptor and protein kinase B (AKT), thus inhibiting IIS. Activation of the AMPK-PP2A axis and inhibition of IIS in the Drosophila fat body reduced food consumption, resulting in the restriction of growth rate and body weight. Overall, our study revealed an important mechanism by which 20E antagonizes IIS in the insect fat body to restrict the larval growth rate, thereby expanding our understanding of the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms of final body size in animals.

Phenological and growth response of legume cover crops to shading

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. MAURO ◽  
O. SORTINO ◽  
M. DIPASQUALE ◽  
G. MAUROMICALE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Future Attempt ◽  
Annual Medics

SUMMARYAnnual medics and clovers have distinct properties in terms of usage as cover crops in Mediterranean orchards, but little is known of their capacity to adapt to the level of shading encountered on an orchard floor. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in South–Eastern Sicily to investigate the effects of withholding 0·50 of sunlight on the phenology and growth pattern of four medic and five clover accessions, focusing on traits known to be important for cover cropping. Shading delayed both seedling emergence and the onset of flowering (by up to 5 and 9 days, respectively), while it extended both the growth period and the overall life-cycle duration (by up to 5 and 11 days, respectively). It also induced an increase in cover crop height (from 34 to 38 cm) and crop light use (from 0·60 to 0·94 g DW/m2/MJ), but a reduction in soil coverage, above-ground dry biomass, maximum growth rate and maximum relative growth rate (by up to 13, 18, 21 and 7%, respectively), so compromising the competitiveness of cover crops against weeds. The responses to shading varied between genotypes. Medicago polymorpha ecotype S. Rosalia, Medicago rugosa ecotype Piano Lauro and ecotype Zappulla were the strongest competitors against weeds, whereas Trifolium tomentosum ecotype Bucampello was interesting in terms of its biomass yield and crop light use. The performance was unstable over seasons, so any future attempt to improve the species’ performances under shade by breeding will need to focus on reseeding capacity.

Late Planting Effects on Early Versus Late Pearl Millet Genotypes in Niger

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Reddy ◽  
P. L. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

SummaryThe performance of two contrasting pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) genotypes was compared following five planting dates under rainfed conditions in deep sandy soils at Bengou, Niger in 1986 and 1987. The early and partially photo-sensitive cultivar HKB yielded more grain than the late and photo-sensitive cultivar Somno when planted with the first two seasonal rains. But after delayed planting, the crop growth rate and harvest index of cultivar HKB were reduced, leading to smaller grain yields even though the growth period, rainfall, radiation and temperature were similar at all the planting dates. In contrast, cultivar Somno maintained a small but stable harvest index over various planting dates, so that although its growth period and crop growth rate were reduced by delayed planting, the reduction in grain yield was less. Since agronomic manipulation, such as increased plant density and fertilizer application, can be used to increase crop growth rate, photo-sensitive millet genotypes such as cultivar Somno could be used for late July plantings in the Sudano-Sahelian zone.

Variation in rectal temperature of cattle in a tropical environment and its relation to growth rate

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTRectal temperatures of cattle grazed near the tropic of Capricorn in central Queensland were studied. The cattle were of Bos indicus, B. taurus and crossbred lines, and were represented by over 200 growing heifers in each of 2 years and some supplementary groups.Rectal temperatures were loge normally distributed when they were expressed as deviations from a basal temperature of 38°C. They were significantly repeatable, but were more highly repeatable when herd mean temperature was above 39·5°C. The heritability estimate was 0·33 (P < 0·01).The mean phenotypic regression of growth rate on rectal temperature, within breed groups, was 0·04 (s.e. 0·006) kg/day per °C (r = 0·3, P < 0·01) over the entire growth period from birth to 18 months of age but greater during warmer seasons. The estimated genetic correlation was insignificant in one group of heifers but −0·86 (s.e. 0·17) in the other.The evidence of favourable and possible unfavourable responses to selection of cattle for low rectal temperature in warm environments is discussed.

Dependence of Dioscorea Tuber Growth Rate on Water Content of an Andept Soil

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray F. Dawson ◽  
Jeffrey E. Shrum ◽  
Robert A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tuber Growth
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