Effects of Fertilizers and Management on Three Promising Tropical Grasses in Jamaica

1965 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Cutting Experiment ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

SummaryYields are presented for a 54-week cutting experiment (1962–3) in which coastal bermuda (Cynodon dactylon sp.), pangola (Digitaria decumbens) and guinea (Panicum maximum) grasses were subjected to three cutting heights (1, 3 and 6 inches), four cutting intervals (1, 3, 6 and 9-weeks) and four nitrogen fertilizer regimes (0, 8, 16 and 32 cwt sulphate of ammonia per acre per annum). The results indicate that coastal bermuda and pangola grasses will tolerate severe cutting but not guinea grass. The highest dry matter yields were obtained from guinea grass, at 16½ tons/acre. Whereas the highest yields of coastal bermuda and pangola were 12½ and 12 tons/acre respecitvely. In the absence of measures of nutritive value it is impossible to say which is the best management system to adopt, but the facts presented may help to determine management practices.

The nutritive value ofPanicum maximum(guinea grass). III. Factors affecting voluntary intake by cattle and water buffaloes

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
A. L. Ordoveza ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Guinea Grass

SummaryDry-matter intake (D.M.I.) fromPanicum maximum(guinea grass) was studied in digestibility trials with Holstein and water buffalo bulls and in a feeding trial with lactating cows.Differences in voluntary D.M.I. per unit body weight0·73between the Holsteins and water buffaloes were not significant. Average D.M.I. for all bulls in all main trials was 2·16 kg per 100 kg B.W. Average D.M.I. by the lactating cows was 2·08 kg per 100 kg B.W., for all practical purposes the same as for the bulls.D.M.I. was not related to stage of maturity or season of harvest of the guinea grass. Intakes of digestible protein, T.D.N., and digestible energy in different seasons and at different growth stages were related to the percentage of those nutrients in the grass.Correlation coefficients were 0·68 between D.M.I. and B.W.0·73, 0·59 between D.M.I. and T.D.N. content, and 0·58 between D.M.I. and crude protein content, D.M.I. was not closely related to dry-matter content (r= 0·30) or crude fibre content (r= 0–01) of the guinea grass.

scholarly journals Determination of Increase in Yield of Tropical Grasses Inoculated with Spirillum lipoferum

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
N. N. Ngerebara ◽  
L. O. Amadi ◽  
G. C. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Yield Responses

Increase in yield of tropical grasses viz. digit grass (Digitaria decumbens), guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and pearl millet (Penisetum americanum) inoculated with tropical nitrogen-fixing bacterium, Spirillum lipoferum was investigated. The study was carried out for three consecutive years (2016-2018). Dry matter yields and protein content of the three tropical grasses were used for the assessment. In 2017, pearl millet (Penisetum americanum) and guinea grass (Panicum maximum) produced significantly higher protein content and dry matter yields. Projected yields using regression analysis of both pearl millet and guinea grass indicated that about 40kgN ha-1 yr-1 were replaced by inoculation. Although, protein production of guinea grass was lower during 2018, dry matter yield responses were similar to those of 2017. This research has shown that inoculation with Spirillum lipoferum, a tropical nitrogen-fixing bacterium reduced acetylene and increased yields or reduced nitrogen fertilizer requirement of the tropical grasses as well as replacement of up to 40KgN ha-1. This amount is agro-economically important and suggests the viability and potential for grass-bacteria systems.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value and Preference of Guinea-Grass Ensiled with or without Additive by West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
T. O. Abegunde ◽  
S. O. Babalola ◽  
B. T. Adeoye ◽  
A. O. Usman ◽  
O. M. Akinfemi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Silage Additives ◽  
Cassava Peels

A study was designed to investigate silage additives’ effect on preference and nutritive value of five weeks re-growth guinea grass by West African dwarf (WAD) goats. The silages of five weeks re-growth guinea grass were made without additive (T1), with cassava peels additive (T2), and with fermented epiphytic juice of lactic acid bacteria in Panicum maximum (FEJPM) additive (T3). The effects of silage additives on preference, voluntary feed intake, growth, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization were assessed using 18 growing WAD goats (BW: 5.88±0.26 kg) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 silage (40.70 g/100g) than in T1 silage (39.00) and T3 silage (34.60). Crude protein values were similar (p>0.05) in T1 and T3 silages (10.63 and 10.72 g/100g DM) that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in T2 silage (12.54 g/100g DM). The silages of guinea grass had acceptable physical attributes in terms of color, odor, and texture, with pH values ranging from 3.87- 4.97. T1 and T3 silages were rejected, whereas T2 silage was accepted well by the experimental WAD goats. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in the WAD goats fed T2 silage (303.30 g/day), and the lowest (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (271.60 g/day). Similar to the ADFI, the highest average daily gain (ADG) was found in WAD goats fed T2 silage (37.25 g/day), and the lowest ADG (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (24.50 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of WAD goats fed T2 silage (8.15) was superior to those of WAD goats fed T1 silage (13.63) and T3 silage (9.66). Crude protein and dry matter digestibility values were higher (p<0.05) in WAD goat fed T2 silage (68.24 and 63.87%, respectively) than in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen intake and balance were significantly (p<0.05) the highest in WAD goats fed T2 silage (12.41 and 8.68 g/day, respectively), and these variables were similar in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the silage additives. It was concluded that cassava peels were better than FEJPM as a silage additive since it improved fermentative quality, acceptability, feed intake, and digestibility of guinea grass silage by WAD goats.

scholarly journals Fermentative profile and nutritive value of corn silage with Tamani guinea grass

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2733-2746
Author(s):  
Francielly Paludo ◽  
◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Mariana Borges de Castro Dias ◽  
Fábio Adriano Santos e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Protein Fractionation ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Guinea Grass

The use of silage has been an efficient alternative to feed supply during the shortage of roughage in dry periods, providing quality feed that is widely used in ruminant feeding. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and nutritive value of corn silage with Tamani guinea grass (Panicum maximum BRS cv. Tamani) through chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and protein fractionation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five silages: corn; corn with 10% Tamani guinea grass; corn with 20% Tamani guinea grass; corn with 30% Tamani guinea grass; and corn with 40% Tamani guinea grass, totalling 20 experimental silos. The addition of tamani grass to silages was determined based on fresh matter. For ensiling, corn was harvested with 320 g kg-1 DM (dry matter) and Tamani guinea grass in a 30-day development cycle with 286 g kg-1 DM. After 50 days of silage, the silos were opened to analyse the fermentative characteristics, chemical composition and protein fractionation of the silage. The results showed that the addition of Tamani guinea grass in corn silage increased the pH and buffering capacity and reduced the dry matter and lactic acid concentration but did not compromise the fermentative characteristics of silages. The addition of 40% Tamani guinea grass in corn silage provided increased levels of crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, protein A, B1 and C, and decreased the fractions B3 and C, which makes Tamani guinea grass an alternative to improve the quality of exclusive corn silage, resulting in better quality silage.

scholarly journals Recovery of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae from three grass species contaminated in the autumn

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Abdallah da Rocha ◽  
Patrizia Ana Bricarello ◽  
Gilberto Pedroso da Rocha ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Experimental Plots

This experiment aimed to assess the recovery of infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis from Brachiaria decumbens cv. Australiana, Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast-cross and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana. The experimental module comprised six plots, with two plots per herbage species. Larval survival was assessed from autumn to winter, under the effect of two herbage-paring heights (5 and 30 cm). TThe paring was carried out immediately before contamination with faces containing T. colubriformis eggs. The feces and herbage were collected at one, two, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks after feces had been deposited in the experimental plots. In general, larvae were recovered from both herbage and feces until the 16th week. The longer persistence of these larvae in the environment was probably due to warmer temperatures. The number of L3 recovered from the pasture was not influenced by the height of plants, except for Brachiaria and Aruana herbage in the fourth week. Regarding the concentrations of larvae per kg of dry matter (L3/kg DM), recovery was higher from low pasture in all three herbage species. During the autumn, the development and survival of the T. colubriformis free-living stages were not affected by the different herbage species.

Effect of host plant on moulting in the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at constant temperature and humidity conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob G. Yarro
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Kikuyu Grass ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThere are five caterpillar instars in the life cycle of Spodoptera exempta (Walk.) when they feed upon star grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., maize, Zea mais L. and Kikuyu grass, Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov. at 25–30°C. When the temperature is 18°C, however, there was an additional instar in the cycle. Similarly extra instars are formed on Guinea grass, Panicum maximum Jacq., Setaria plicatilis (Hochst.) Hack, and a sedge, Cyperus maranguensis K. Schm. even when the temperature appears to be sufficiently high for normal development. Occasionally the additional sixth instar is also too small to pupate, in which case a seventh instar is formed. It appears that caterpillars on nutritionally inadequate host plants or those at low temperatures are being partially starved and must continue moulting until the appropriate size is attained or exceeded. Measurements of the head capsule widths or distances between the frontal clypeal setae suggest that only individuals reaching or exceeding a species specific threshold size pupate. Extra moults appear to be an adaptation to environmental fluctuations obtaining within the range of occurrence of S. exempta.

The nutritive value of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass): I. Yields and chemical composition related to season and herbage growth stage

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

The results of more than fifty estimates1 of herbage yield and ninety-seven analyses of chemical composition are presented in the first of several reports on nutritive evaluation studies of Panicum maximum (guinea grass). Effects of stage of maturity and season are discussed.Herbage yield increased at an increasing rate with maturity, and was depressed by about 40 % in the dry season compared to the wet season. The most significant differences in chemical composition were a decrease in crude protein from 9·8 % to 6·6% and a corresponding increase in crude fibre from 32·1 % to 39·4% as the grass matured from about 2½ weeks to about 2½ months in age. An increased level of nitrogen fertilization resulted in crude protein content being nearly doubled and crude fibre somewhat reduced.

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