scholarly journals Genetic variation and natural selection on blue tit body condition in different environments

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MERILÄ ◽  
R. PRZYBYLO ◽  
B. C. SHELDON
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
The Poor

An increasing amount of evidence indicates that different forms of environmental stress influence the expression of genetic variance in quantitative traits and, consequently, their evolvability. We investigated the causal components of phenotypic variance and natural selection on the body condition index (a trait often related to fitness in wild bird populations) of blue tit (Parus caeruleus) nestlings under contrasting environmental conditions. In three different study years, nestlings grown under a poor feeding regime attained lower body condition than their full-sibs grown under a good feeding regime. Genetic influences on condition were large and significant in both feeding regimes, and in all three study years. However, although estimates of additive genetic variance were consistently higher in the poor than in the good environment, heritability estimates for body condition index were very similar in both environments due to higher levels of environmental variance in the poor environment. Evidence for weak genotype×environment interactions was obtained, but these contributed little to variance in nestling condition. Directional natural selection on fledging condition of nestlings was detected, and there were no indications of year or environmental effects on the form and intensity of selection observed, in a sample of 3659 nestlings over four years. However, selection on fledging condition was very weak (standardized selection gradient, β=0·027±0·016 SE), suggesting that, in the current population, the large additive genetic component to fledging condition is not particularly surprising. The results of these analyses are contrasted with those obtained for other populations and species with similar life-histories.

scholarly journals Rodent helminths in fragmented Atlantic Forest areas in the western region of the state of Paraná

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danise Benatti ◽  
Luis Felipe Andrietti ◽  
José Flávio Cândido Júnior ◽  
Alexandre Vogliotti ◽  
Marcela Figueirêdo Duarte Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Western Region

Abstract Rodents are small mammals that can be parasitized by various helminths. This study aimed to identify and describe the ecological indicators of infection in rodents captured in fragments of the Atlantic Forest in the western region of Paraná State, Brazil. Sixty-eight specimens of five rodent species were collected, necropsied, and inspected in search of helminths. The parasites were stored in 70% ethanol, morphologically identified, and counted for calculation of infection indicators. Fourteen species of helminths and one species of Crustacea were recorded: ten in Akodon montensis, four in Mus musculus, two in Thaptomys nigrita, two in Oligoryzomys nigripes, and one in Euryoryzomys russatus. The registered species of parasites were: Rodentolepis akodontis, Angiostrongylus sp., Protospirura numidica criceticola, Trichuris navonae, Syphacia alata, Syphacia criceti, Syphacia evaginata, Trichofreitasia lenti, Stilestrongylus aculeata, Stilestrongylus eta, Stilestrongylus gracielae, Stilestrongylus franciscanus, Stilestrongylus moreli, Stilestrongylus sp., and Pentastomida gen. sp. A positive correlation between the intensity of infection of T. navonae and T. lenti was observed with the body condition index of the host A. montensis. For all species, this study represents a new register of locality, and for eight of them a new host.

scholarly journals An alternative method for determining the body condition index of the free-living South American coati

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Filipe Martins Santos ◽  
David Risco ◽  
Nayara Yoshie Sano ◽  
Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo ◽  
Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Biometric Measurements

Assessing and monitoring the welfare of free-living mammals is not a usual process due to the logistical complications associated with their capture and sedation, collection and storage of biological samples and their release. In this context, non-invasive methods for monitoring wildlife constitute a good alternative approach for in situ conservation. Body condition index, as a measurement of health status, has been used in free-living mammals; its low value may be associated with negative effects on reproduction and survival. The present study aimed to generate an alternative and reliable non-invasive method and then determine the body condition index, based on previously-collected biometric measurements, without the need to capture and immobilise the animals. A total of 178 free-living Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766 were trapped, weighed and measured. Statistical methods were used, based on Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) using body mass, biometric measurements (body length, height and chest girth) and gender as explanatory variables. To assess the agreement between the real Body Condition Indices (BCIs) and the predicted values of BCIs, we explored the correlation between each model using the Bland-Altman method. This method showed a strong agreement between the predictive BRT models proposed (standardised residuals from a linear regression between body length and chest girth) and standardised residuals (linear regression between body mass and body length). The results obtained herein showed that BRT modelling, based on biometrical features, is an alternative way to verify the body conditions of coatis without the need to capture and immobilise the animals.

Biology and population dynamics of the black-flanked rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis lateralis) in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Willers ◽  
Peter Mawson ◽  
Keith Morris ◽  
Roberta Bencini
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Males And Females

Through a mark–recapture study, we explored aspects of the biology and population dynamics in the largest known population of the black-flanked rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis lateralis) at Mt Caroline Nature Reserve, in the Western Australian wheatbelt in 2007–10. The body condition index of males and females varied significantly over time but fluctuated similarly for both sexes. Males and females followed a pattern of best condition in early summer, declining through autumn and reaching their poorest condition in early spring. Body condition was closely related to rainfall in the period ~3–6 months before trapping sessions. Births occurred throughout the year with two reproductive peaks, in autumn and late winter/spring. Reproductive rates averaged over 90% annually, except in 2007 when they averaged 76%. Significantly fewer females bred during 2007, and those females were in poorer body condition. Females with a higher body condition index were more likely to reproduce (P = 0.003) but body condition did not influence the sex of offspring. The sex ratio of offspring did not differ significantly from parity and did not support either the Trivers–Willard or local resource competition hypotheses. This information should help to predict population trends and develop appropriate conservation strategies for this threatened species.

Effect of Habitat Disturbance on the Body Condition Index of the Colombian Endemic LizardAnolis antonii(Squamata: Dactyloidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Alfonso Gallego-Carmona ◽  
Johana Alejandra Castro-Arango ◽  
Manuel Hernando Bernal-Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Habitat Disturbance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Condition Index

Male mating success is related to body condition and stress-induced leukocyte response in an anuran with scramble competition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
M.S. Gastón ◽  
M. Vaira
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Scramble Competition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Leukocyte Response

Competition among males can be a decisive factor for successful mating in anuran explosive breeders with a male-biased population sex ratio. The Yungas Red-belly Toad (Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Vellard, 1947)) is an explosive breeder where males exhibit a classic scramble competition. We studied the body size, body condition, and stress-induced leukocyte response of M. rubriventris males under natural scenarios of scramble competition. We hand-captured adult males (categorised as single, in pairs, or in mating balls) and determined their body mass and length, body condition, and their leukocyte profile. We found that males in pairs had significantly higher body mass than single males and those in mating balls. We found the highest percentage of individuals with better body condition within the paired males who showed significantly higher body condition index value than singles or those in mating balls. Amplectant males (those collected in pairs or in mating balls) had a significantly lower proportion of lymphocytes and higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratios than singles. Amplectant males showed significantly higher proportions of neutrophils or eosinophils than singles. Our results suggest that M. rubriventris males with better body condition can be more successful in acquiring mates, although scramble competition among males can trigger a stress response.

Migration and Staging Patterns of the Wryneck (Jynx Torquilla) at Eilat, Israel

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Yosef ◽  
Piotr Zduniak
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
The Mean

The wryneck is an unusual representative of PalearcticPicidaein that it is a long-distance migrant, whose populations have declined across Europe in the last century. Israel is at the eastern extremes of the known wryneck migration routes in the spring, which are little studied. Hence, we studied the species migration patterns and staging at Eilat, the southern tip of Israel being a very important stopover site for many migratory bird species. During 28 springs and 25 autumn migration seasons in the years 1983-2010, a total of 588 wrynecks were trapped.The mean number of birds recorded per spring season was 18.32 (SE = 2.12) and only 3.00 ± 0.71 per autumn season. The analysis performed for spring passage showed that the mean proportion of juveniles to all birds to which ages were assigned was 48.9 ± 5.2%. Furthermore, we did not find any differences in the dates of ringing, wing length, body mass or body condition index of juvenile and adults. We retrapped 97 (18.9%) wrynecks during the spring. The average proportion retrapped per season was 18.3 ± 2.9% and the average stopover was 4.8 ± 0.4 days. Recaptured birds were in better body condition than at first capture, and the body condition index gained significantly during their stay at the stopover site. The low conservation priority accorded to these habitats — and ignored in spite of many studies from the reagion — highlights the importance of the preservation of priority areas such that avian and other migrations can continue with minimal human impact.

Monitoring green sea turtles in Brazilian feeding areas: relating body condition index to fibropapillomatosis prevalence

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 1879-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara Rossi ◽  
Angélica María Sánchez-Sarmiento ◽  
Robson Guimarães dos Santos ◽  
Roberta Ramblas Zamana ◽  
Fabiola Eloisa Setim Prioste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Green Turtles

AbstractFibropapillomatosis (FP) can be an important conservation threat to green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) due to its widespread distribution and complex aetiology. Thus, understanding the impacts of FP in sea turtle populations is a research priority towards conservation efforts. The body condition index (BCI), based on straight carapace length (SCL) and body mass (BM), is an accurate indicator of body-nutritional condition that can be used in routine green turtle health evaluations. This study aimed to compare BCI in FP-free (N = 369) and FP-affected (N = 518) green turtles from Brazilian feeding areas. Body condition indices were evaluated in terms of the South-west Atlantic Fibropapillomatosis Score – FPSSWA (mild, moderate and severe), study sites (five Brazilian states), origin (intentional capture, fishery, stranding and afloat) and sex (when known). Curved and straight carapace lengths, and body mass were recorded in order to calculate BCI. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in BCI among green turtles from different study areas (P = 0.02), and lower BCI values in FP-free than in FP-positive individuals (P < 0.0001). With regards to origin, the highest BCI was found in the intentional capture group (N = 245; 1.47 ± 0.16), followed by fishery (N = 180; 1.46 ± 0.20). Analysis according to sex revealed a higher mean BCI among females than males (P < 0.017). This study provides relevant data on the health and nutritional status of green turtles along the Brazilian coast, in important feeding areas for this species.

Deslorelin implants control fertility in urban brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) without negatively influencing their body-condition index

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Lohr ◽  
Harriet Mills ◽  
Helen Robertson ◽  
Roberta Bencini
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Body Condition Index

Wild brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) occur in large numbers in the grounds of Perth Zoo, Western Australia. These possums are a problem because they consume feed the zoo buys for its captive animals, damage seedlings and trees and many need to be treated for injuries sustained during fights with conspecifics. A contraceptive implant, which contains the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin, could be a potential method of managing this population. We tested the efficacy of the implant and its impact on the body-condition index of treated possums with Kaplan–Meier analysis and a mixed model with residual maximum likelihood. We implanted 60 female possums with deslorelin and monitored reproductive success of treated and untreated possums for the following 18 months. At the conclusion of the study, 80% of 20 treated females recaptured had shown no evidence of breeding activity, giving an average minimum duration of effective contraception of 381 days. The implant did not have a negative impact on the body-condition index of treated possums during the course of the study. Our results suggest that deslorelin implants could be an effective management tool for brushtail possums at Perth Zoo and in other urban environments.

Assessment of the proportion of chemical fat in the bodies of live sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Guerra ◽  
C. J. Thwaites ◽  
T. N. Edey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Body Condition Scores

SUMMARYThe ability of subjectively assessed body condition scores, direct measurements of backfat depth, and an objective body condition index (based on the size/weight relationship), to predict the proportion of chemical fat in the body of the live sheep was investigated in three groups of Merino ewes. All three techniques possessed a similar, and practically acceptable ability to predict the proportion of chemical fat in the fleece-free empty body. However, both live weight and fleece-free empty body weight possessed similar predictive powers, and the method of choice in any particular situation could thus be determined by the availability of weighing facilities and the need for speed, objectivity and for minimizing interference with the experimental animals.

scholarly journals Korelasi Antara Resistensi Survival Rate dan Body Condition Index (BCI) dengan Stress Suhu Pada Kerang Hijau di Muara Kamal, Jakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Yasser Ahmed ◽  
Armin Fabritzek ◽  
Neviaty P. Zamani ◽  
Karen Von Juterzenka ◽  
Mark Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Body Condition Index

Pergerakan organisme dipengaruhi oleh penyebaran alami dan aktivitas manusia.Beberapa spesies yang terbawa, memiliki sebaran yang melebihi distribusi batas normal oleh pengaruh tertentu (vector).Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian pada skala laboratorium untuk melihat survival rate yang terkait dengan body condition index selama diberikan stress suhu yang terkait perubahan iklim dan ini juga dapat dijadikan sebagai simulasi transportasi kapal, sehingga dapat diketahui pergerakan organisme.Distribusi organisme tersebut mempengaruhi kemampuan bertahan hidupselama transportasi.Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan mengekspose grup pra-stress dan grup non stress sebelum masuk ke fase stress dan membandingkan survival rate dan body condition index (BCI) pada organisme tersebut. Organisme yang dipilih adalah Kerang Hijau (P. viridis) dengan menggunakan stress suhu.Pengukuran respon variabel dari organisme tersebut yaitu survival rate dan body condition index (BCI).Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa survival rate dan body condition index memiliki korelasi linier.

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