Relationships between distributed and localized shear in the tectonic evolution of a Caledonian fold and thrust zone, northwest Ireland

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Alsop
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Investigation ◽  
Localized Deformation ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Structural Anisotropy ◽  
Transport Direction ◽  
Thrust Zone ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Orogenic Belts

AbstractBroad zones of distributed shear operating through mid-crustal regions of orogenic belts may incorporate narrow horizons of intense localized deformation culminating in discrete, large magnitude displacements. The relative importance and relationship between distributed and localized shear are influenced by a variety of factors including lithological variation, pre-existing structural anisotropy, strain rate and migration of fluids. Rigorous structural analysis of lower amphibolite facies Dalradian metasediments in northwestern Ireland demonstrates that an early (D1) discrete ductile detachment was subsequently reactivated during distributed non-coaxial D2 deformation operating in a broad zone through the structural pile. Regional shear was directed towards the southeast and resulted in the generation and translation of kilometre-scale, isoclinal, recumbent sheath folds which close and face towards the transport direction. The D1 detachment is clearly folded around the hinges of these major folds, whilst on fold limbs it was reactivated and acted as a local décollement within the zone of distributed shear. Shear criteria along the detachment indicate a southeast-directed translation of the major folds, in sympathy with regional shear. A broad zone of D3 translation operating through the nappe pile resulted in coaxial refolding of large scale F2 folds by the D3 Ballybofey Nappe producing a complex fold interference pattern. Non-coaxial D3 deformation resulted in continued reactivation of local decollements, together with the initiation of east-southeast directed oblique thrusts and partial dismemberment of D2 folds. Detailed structural investigation allows concepts of distributed and localized shear to be evaluated and models of crustal deformation to be assessed.

scholarly journals Social Media in and Around a Temporary Large-Scale Refugee Shelter in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110249
Author(s):  
Peer Smets ◽  
Younes Younes ◽  
Marinka Dohmen ◽  
Kees Boersma ◽  
Lenie Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Top Down ◽  
And Migration

During the 2015 refugee crisis in Europe, temporary refugee shelters arose in the Netherlands to shelter the large influx of asylum seekers. The largest shelter was located in the eastern part of the country. This shelter, where tents housed nearly 3,000 asylum seekers, was managed with a firm top-down approach. However, many residents of the shelter—mainly Syrians and Eritreans—developed horizontal relations with the local receiving society, using social media to establish contact and exchange services and goods. This case study shows how various types of crisis communication played a role and how the different worlds came together. Connectivity is discussed in relation to inclusion, based on resilient (non-)humanitarian approaches that link society with social media. Moreover, we argue that the refugee crisis can be better understood by looking through the lens of connectivity, practices, and migration infrastructure instead of focusing only on state policies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and genetic diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites in wild bird species of the order Columbiformes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne R. Schumm ◽  
Dimitris Bakaloudis ◽  
Christos Barboutis ◽  
Jacopo G. Cecere ◽  
Cyril Eraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
And Migration

AbstractDiseases can play a role in species decline. Among them, haemosporidian parasites, vector-transmitted protozoan parasites, are known to constitute a risk for different avian species. However, the magnitude of haemosporidian infection in wild columbiform birds, including strongly decreasing European turtle doves, is largely unknown. We examined the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon and subgenera Haemoproteus and Parahaemoproteus in six species of the order Columbiformes during breeding season and migration by applying nested PCR, one-step multiplex PCR assay and microscopy. We detected infections in 109 of the 259 screened individuals (42%), including 15 distinct haemosporidian mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages, representing five H. (Haemoproteus), two H. (Parahaemoproteus), five Leucocytozoon and three Plasmodium lineages. Five of these lineages have never been described before. We discriminated between single and mixed infections and determined host species-specific prevalence for each parasite genus. Observed differences among sampled host species are discussed with reference to behavioural characteristics, including nesting and migration strategy. Our results support previous suggestions that migratory birds have a higher prevalence and diversity of blood parasites than resident or short-distance migratory species. A phylogenetic reconstruction provided evidence for H. (Haemoproteus) as well as H. (Parahaemoproteus) infections in columbiform birds. Based on microscopic examination, we quantified parasitemia, indicating the probability of negative effects on the host. This study provides a large-scale baseline description of haemosporidian infections of wild birds belonging to the order Columbiformes sampled in the northern hemisphere. The results enable the monitoring of future changes in parasite transmission areas, distribution and diversity associated with global change, posing a potential risk for declining avian species as the European turtle dove.

Automated monitoring of a large-scale cod (Gadus morhua) migration in the open sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1845-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc A Comeau ◽  
Steven E Campana ◽  
Martin Castonguay
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
And Migration

The migration patterns of marine fishes are poorly known, in part owing to the technical limitations associated with tracking the movements of animals in deep water. Here we document a large-scale, directed, migration of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off eastern Canada. Our approach was based on the acoustic tagging of 126 fish and the deployment of 69 subsurface receivers, stretching over a 160-km distance along the edge of the Laurentian Channel. After 1 year of automated recording, we found that 65% of the fish migrated out of coastal waters in two distinct runs during the summer–autumn period. The offshore-migrating fish overwintered in deep Laurentian Channel waters, returning inshore in April. Individual migration routes and migration timing were variable, indicating that the cod did not aggregate in large schools during the seasonal migration events.

Minimization of Energy Using Heuristic Resource Allocation and Migration for Cloud Computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Manjunatha S. ◽  
Suresh L.
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Cloud Computing Service ◽  
And Migration

Data center is a cost-effective infrastructure for storing large volumes of data and hosting large-scale service applications. Cloud computing service providers are rapidly deploying data centers across the world with a huge number of servers and switches. These data centers consume significant amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs. Thus, optimizing the energy consumption of servers and networks in data centers can reduce operational costs. In a data center, power consumption is mainly due to servers, networking devices, and cooling systems, and an effective energy-saving strategy is to consolidate the computation and communication into a smaller number of servers and network devices and then power off as many unneeded servers and network devices as possible.

Raspail, racism, and migration: Implications for radicalization in a polarizing world

2020 ◽  
pp. 136346152093092
Author(s):  
G. E. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Know How ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Eu

Jean Raspail’s controversial 1973 novel The camp of the saints predicts mass migration to Europe that will destroy European civilization. Decades later, the book has accurately predicted the hundreds of thousands of refugees arriving in Europe annually, prompting a continent-wide crisis. From Lesbos and Lampedusa to the Canary Islands and Calais, no one seems to know how to stem the flow of humanity. Borders are being resurrected, despite Schengen and European Union (EU) agreements, in an effort to control the movement of populations. European governments disagree on how to proceed and some are suggesting that the EU could be torn apart by differing approaches to the problem. But does this have to be the response to the migration crisis? This paper compares the predictions of The camp of the saints to events in Europe today and critiques the book’s conclusions with regard to what is an ancient phenomenon: movements of migrants from surplus to deficit labor settings. The paper will also evaluate the response to migrants in the United States under its populist president, Donald Trump, and will review related issues in other parts of the world: Turkey, Russia, and Canada. Contrary to Raspail’s predictions, world leaders will need to accept what has already become a de facto reality: large scale admission of migrants and refugees to the EU and North America, as full citizens, will be the only realistic way to preserve prosperity in the years to come.

scholarly journals A Three dimensional Babcock-Leighton Solar Dynamo Model with Non-axisymmetric Convective Flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S340) ◽  
pp. 301-302
Author(s):  
Gopal Hazra ◽  
Mark S. Miesch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Flux ◽  
Dynamo Model ◽  
Turbulent Diffusivity ◽  
Flux Transport ◽  
Convective Flows ◽  
Solar Observations ◽  
Mean Fields ◽  
And Migration

AbstractThe observed convective flows on the photosphere (e.g., supergranulation, granulation) play a key role in the Babcock-Leighton (BL) process to generate large scale polar fields from sunspots fields. In most surface flux transport (SFT) and BL dynamo models, the dispersal and migration of surface fields is modeled as an effective turbulent diffusion. We present the first kinematic 3D FT/BL model to explicitly incorporate realistic convective flows based on solar observations. The results obtained are generally in good agreement with the observed surface flux evolution and with non-convective models that have a turbulent diffusivity on the order of 3 × 1012 cm2 s−1 (300 km2 s−1). However, we find that the use of a turbulent diffusivity underestimates the dynamo efficiency, producing weaker mean fields and shorter cycle.

Extractive Resources, Conflicts and Migration

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Indra de Soysa
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Lootable Resources

This chapter focuses on non-renewable resources and their relation to conflict and migration. It explores the argument that conflict is not brought by scarcity of these resources, but rather by resource abundance and the fact that they make looting possible. Access to valuable non-renewable resources, such as energy resources, can create crises of governance. Accountability decreases and rent seeking and corruption become common behaviors. ‘Lootable’ resources increase the possibilities of high political repression and income inequality, which then cause small and large-scale ‘uprooting’. Thus, tackling the issue of bad governance is key in order to solve migration flows caused by ‘lootable’ conflicts.

scholarly journals Development at the Crossroads of Capital Flows and Migration: Leaving No One Behind?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Zoomers
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
And Migration

The aim of this special issue is to push forward the frontier of development studies by analysing local livelihoods from a ‘flows of capital/people’ perspective. In development studies, and especially in livelihood research, local development has long been defined in terms of local people’s agency and the importance of capitals and capabilities. Over the last decade, however, the context of local development has undergone considerable change. Globalisation, in alternation with deglobalisation, has given rise to new and intensified flows and circulations: the total volume and the diversity of capital flows and flows of people have rapidly increased, often going hand in hand with flows of goods, knowledge and ideas. Rather than looking at local development in terms of local people having access to and control of local resources, we acknowledge the importance networked space and positionality. Local development opportunities are very much determined by translocal linkages—what is happening in other places, sometimes directly, as a result of flows of capital, goods, people and information. The various articles in this special issue contribute to a better understanding of the link between large-scale flows of capital/people and local development, focusing on questions such as: what kinds of mobilities are taking place and in which directions? What are the new geographies of development, and what are the consequences of the inflows and outflows of capital/people (including goods and ideas) for local development and achieving the various sustainable development goals? In analysing the link between different types of capital/people flows and inclusive development, each article in this special issue focuses on a particular type of flow of capital/people and its multiple impacts in terms of local livelihood development. Case studies focus on Sub-Sahara Africa (Ghana, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Senegal, Rwanda); Asia (Vietnam, Indonesia, India) and Latin America.

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