Notes towards a theory of concentration of solids in natural sands

1969 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Prolate Spheroid ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Substantial Degree ◽  
The Ideal

SUMMARYTheory based on the sphere as the ideal particle, fails to account satisfactorily for the concentration of solids observed in unconsolidated natural sands, which at the same time display a substantial degree of dimensional ordering of the particles. However, when the prolate spheroid of moderate axial ratio is substituted for the sphere, a theory which is satisfied by observation becomes possible, for the reason that equal spheroids can be regularly packed in both close and open ways. A spheroid assemblage of mixed open and close packings can retain a high degree of dimensional ordering of the constituent solids, yet have a relatively low particle concentration. Observations made on sandstones carefully selected for evidence of rapid cementation seem to bear out the theory as applied to natural sands. Clusters of grains resembling the open packings of equal spheroids are found in these sandstones to be uncommon but not rare, in accordance with the theory as thus far developed.

Survey of Digital Tools for the Generation of Ideas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Rossoni ◽  
Patrizia Bolzan ◽  
Giorgio Colombo ◽  
Monica Bordegoni ◽  
Marina Carulli
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Initial Representation ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract During the concept phase of the industrial design process drawings are used to represent designer’s ideas. More specifically, the designer’s goal is to put the characteristics of ideas on paper so that they can later act as pivotal points in the development of a project. Sketching is also the ideal tool to continue developing an idea: because it is imprecise, the sketch guarantees a high degree of freedom, allowing for changes to made and new ideas to be added. Another possibility is to translate ideas into sketches on computer tools. This approach can allow the designer to use the created 3D model as the basis for further developing ideas. At the present moment, however, this type of solution is not extensively used by designers during the concept phase. Some researchers have identified technical problems as the reason why these instruments have been unsuccessful on the market, while for others this is related to systems still too rigid to be adapted to the often-diverse needs of designers. The research presented in this position paper aims at analyzing what has so far been understood with respect to the process of generating ideas, their initial representation in the concept phase and the tools that have been developed so far to support this phase. Consequently, a discussion on these themes and some hypotheses from which develop new research lines will be presented.

scholarly journals The word and music of epic song: From syncretism to sung poetry

Muzikologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Danka Lajic-Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Part ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Professional Capacity ◽  
Musical Communication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Absolute Duration ◽  
The Ideal

This study concerns the relationship between verbal and musical components of Serbian epic songs with rhythm seen as a morphological dominant. My aim is to enrich the musicological inquiry of this issue and provide a contribution that complements existing folkloristic and philological research outcomes. In terms of methodology, the study promotes the necessity of recording the performers? recited versions of songs for the purposes of investigating the relationships between verbal and musical communication, as well as an interdisciplinary approach to these issues. Two paradigmatic examples are examined, each performed by the guslar representative of his respective period of guslar practice: Tanasije Vucic (1883-1937) and Bosko Vujacic (b. 1947). The observed periods span less than one century, yielding an insignificant passage of time in terms of epic historicism, but nonetheless indicate significant differences between these two guslars? sung and narrated rhythms. Compared to Vujacic, Vucic?s singing demonstrates a considerably smaller range of the absolute duration of the sung syllables (and therefore of an entire verse), and subsequently a much stricter syllabicity. Furthermore, Vucic?s singing reflects the ideal type of ?isochronous pulse in duple meter? in a rather high degree, while Vujacic more consistently refers to narration, whereas the trochaic tendency is noticeable only at the initial part of the verse. The connections between these focused individual styles are discussed through the lens of guslars? transition from amateur to professional capacity and the changed function of epics. Considering the consequences of the policy of invalid representation and experiencing epic song as poetry (void of musical component), and on the other hand, the effects of the strategy insistent on ?citatory? (verbatim) treatment of poetic templates that leads to suppressing poetic creativity, I intend to draw attention of the responsible authorities in the areas of education, culture, and science. This is of particular importance in the context of ongoing endeavors towards preservation of singing with gusle as part of Serbian inherent cultural heritage.

scholarly journals (Još) o ujednačavanju sudske prakse u građanskim predmetima

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Dejan Bodul ◽  
Jelena Čuveljak ◽  
Sanja Grbić
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Standard ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Uniform Case ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Consistent Application ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal of civil litigation is a high degree of predictability, which is nothing but a stable and consistent case law. Specifically, citizens and businesses that go to court for identical factual circumstances must receive the same verdict, and courts of one state must handle identical legal issues in the same way, no matter where they are situated. On the other hand, at the heart of the legal standard of judicial independence is the freedom of the individual judge from all influences that would prevent him from making decisions ex lege, on the basis of his conscience and in concreto when resolving specific cases. So, if there are few, if any, practitioners, theorists, and lawmakers who would not want a greater degree of uniform case law, going down to the empirical level, we see that ensuring consistent application of the law in practice is an extremely demanding job. Although different methodological approaches are available in studying this complex problematic issue, efforts have been directed towards analysing positive solutions as well as ECHR practices, all for possible suggestions.

scholarly journals Variability and its limits in bilingual language production

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-856
Author(s):  
JUBIN ABUTALEBI ◽  
HARALD CLAHSEN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Ideal

Experimental and other empirical research on language is faced with the fact that language performance exhibits a high degree of variability at all linguistic levels. Variability is found across languages, across speech communities within one language, across individuals within one speech community and even within the same individual. Bilingual language use adds a further source of variability to this already complicated picture. On the other hand, there are aspects of language and language use that are constrained, stable, or robust and that are less (or not at all) subject to variability, for example, possible options that are not chosen in any language or kinds of error that are never produced. Several familiar ways of dealing with the variability of language use and its limits have turned out to be unsatisfactory. One approach has been to simply abstract away from variability with constructs such as the ‘ideal speaker–hearer’ (who – to our knowledge – nobody has met so far). Another strategy is to average across individuals, which sometimes results in arbitrary mean scores or mean activation patterns that are hard to replicate for individuals, even for those who took part in a given study. A third solution when confronted with variability in language use is to take it at face value, positing that every language, every speech community, and even every individual is different, an approach that essentially gives up on discovering any kind of generalizations. While none of these strategies appears to us to be particularly fruitful, the problem of how to deal with variability in language performance and its limits remains.

Measurement of nitrogen monoxide levels in gas flows with a micro total analytical system based on LTCC

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000152-000158
Author(s):  
Thomas Geiling ◽  
Tilo Welker ◽  
Heike Bartsch ◽  
Jens Müller
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Chemiluminescent Reaction ◽  
Total Analytical System ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
The Ideal

The measurement of nitrogen monoxide (NO) concentration levels is a vital aspect of environmental analysis and the so called CHNS analysis. The chemiluminescent reaction with ozone in the gas phase is a well-established method for the measurement of atmospheric concentration levels in the range from 4 ppb up to 100 ppm. In this contribution we present the design of a so called micro total analytical system (μTAS) for NO measurements designed in ceramic. Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) have proven to be the ideal technology, since they offer high chemical and thermal stability as well as high degree of freedom of design. The article gives an overview of the design process with emphasis on manufacture of the components and technological challenges regarding life-time.

scholarly journals Davidson Black, 1884-1934

1934 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-365
Keyword(s):  
Technical Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Untimely Death ◽  
Union Hospital ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Car Accident ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Ideal

The untimely death of Professor Davidson Black, which occurred on March 15, 1934, at the age of forty-nine years, deprived the Cenozoic Laboratory of Peking of one of its honorary directors who had unique qualifications of knowledge, temperament and technical training to make him the ideal man to direct the whole Cenozoic research. The time of his death was particularly discouraging to the whole scheme of work, for the other two honorary directors, Dr. Wong Wen Hao, the Director of the Geological Survey of China, had been involved in a motor car accident on his way to Nanking and was seriously injured; and Dr. V. K. Ting, the Honorary Director of Cenozoic Research in China, was occupying the room adjoining that of Davidson Black in the Peking Union Hospital. It is, however, no disparagement of the exceptional personal and professional qualifications of Drs. Wong and Ting, for both of whom he had a great admiration and affection, to say that Professor Davidson Black was the inspiration and controlling force in the whole Cenozoic Research. Not only had he in high degree the competence and personal qualities for the work, but he also had the enterprise and courage boldly to pursue the adventurous policy which has met with such conspicuous success.

scholarly journals On the toxic effects of salvarsan on liver function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1059
Author(s):  
I. Bazilevich ◽  
E. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Ideal

If the ideal of chemotherapy is to be considered the maximum of the parasitotropic properties of the drug while the minimum is organotropic, then the famous Ehrlich'a-salvarsan compound satisfies it to a high degree.

scholarly journals The STM analysis of a silver mirror surface

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Nikolic ◽  
Zlatko Rakocevic ◽  
Konstantin Popov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Mirror Reflection ◽  
Mirror Surface ◽  
Silver Mirror ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Ideal

In this work, the structure of a silver mirror surface was examined by the STM technique. It was shown that the structural characteristics which enable a high degree of mirror reflection from this surface, which is very close to the ideal reflectivity of silver, are: flat and mutually parallel parts of the surface which are smooth on the atomic level, and distances between adjacent flat parts which state several atomic diameters.

Ultramicrotomy for study of interfaces and coatings

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 840-841
Author(s):  
G. Williams ◽  
T. Malis
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Substantial Degree ◽  
Diamond Knife

While grain and phase boundaries in conventional alloys are examined quite readily by classic TEM specimen preparation methods such as electropolishing and ion thinning, the plethora of metal, ceramic and/or polymer combinations in many advanced materials have proven to be a much stiffer challenge. Whether in the form of composites, coatings, multilayers or thin films, such material systems have given rise to newer methods such as low angle ion thinning, mechanical (tripod) polishing to electron transparency and diamond knife sectioning. The damage incurred during the latter method may be offset by the advantages of a controlled thickness which is fairly insensitive to the type of material.Fig. 1 demonstrates that the high degree of deformation generated in ductile materials by no means prohibits conventional grain boundary imaging due to the substantial degree of dislocation self-recovery which generally occurs in thin sections. Alloy phase boundaries also are amenable to examination after sectioning, although the particle/matrix interface may debond somewhat as the hardness difference increases.

scholarly journals Towards a secure and self-adapting smart indoor farming framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Gnauer ◽  
Harald Pichler ◽  
Markus Tauber ◽  
Christoph Schmittner ◽  
Korbinian Christl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
World Population ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Facing the increase in world population and the stagnation in available arable land there is a high demand for optimizing the food production. Considering the world-wide and ongoing reduction of the agricultural labor force novel approaches for food production are required. Vertical farming may be such a solution where plants are being produced indoors in racks, cared by robotic appliances which will be operated by specialized software. Given the multitude of parameters which determine the ideal condition, a lot of data needs to be acquired. As this data is used to adapt the entire Cyber-Physical System to a changing environment the data has to be secure and adaptations have to consider safety aspects as well. Such systems must hence be secure, safe, scalable and self-adaptable to a high degree. We present an important element for such solutions, a cloud, IoT and robotic based smart farming framework.

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