The Yorkshire Dogger

1949 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Rastall ◽  
J. E. Hemingway
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Rock Group ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Sedimentary Deposit ◽  
Facies Variation

AbstractThe Lias-Oolite junction in Rosedale and Farndale is defined. The underlying Lias is folded into a pre-Oolite complex of shallow Caledonoid folds, wherein are preserved about 55 square miles of Yeoyilian strata in the Cleveland region. The Rosedale East and Sheriff's Pit ironstones, now exhausted, are included on field evidence with the Yeovilian and not the Dogger. They occur in the troughs of two structural basins of limited extent in the fold complex, while other basins hold ironstones of no economic value. It is unlikely that the depositional basin of the Rosedale ironstones extended far beyond the present limits of the dale. Within Rosedale its distribution was materially reduced by erosion from the crests of minor pre-Dogger folds, pebbles now phosphatised derived from the crests occurring in the base of the Dogger.A three-fold sub-division of the Dogger is recognized. The Glaisdale Oolite is here of little importance; the lenticular Rosedale Sandstone represents sand trapped in the continued down-warping over Rosedale in early Dogger times. The most widely spread rock group, the Blakey Series, includes the important Black Shales at its base. Marked facies variation is recognized in the sandy upper part, which includes the Ajalon facies, the Green Flag facies, etc., which were earlier incorrectly regarded as in chronological succession.The Rosedale magnetite-oolite is regarded as a sedimentary deposit underlying the Dogger.The petrography of the several beds of the Lias-Oolite junction is briefly described.

Lessons for Future Excessive Pricing Cases From Economics and the Court of Appeal Judgment In Pfizer/Flynn†

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Davis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Efficient Market ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
Legitimate Concern ◽  
Court Of Appeal

Abstract I consider the lessons that can be drawn from economics and the recent Court of Appeal (CoA) judgment in Pfizer/Flynn for future excessive pricing cases under TFEU Article 102. In future, defendants will ask their economic experts to develop reliable evidence under both limbs of the United Brands test. The required economic analysis will involve developing a suitable price benchmark, describing what prices would have been under ‘normal and sufficiently competitive’ conditions. The benchmark can be based on various types of evidence including cost-plus and/or comparator evidence. The CoA highlights that the cellophane fallacy is a legitimate concern for competition agencies. They also accept the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT’)s conclusion that ‘some’ economic value might be relevant beyond the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA’)s cost-plus benchmark—without being prescriptive about whether or indeed how a competition agency should further take it into account. I provide a suggestion for doing so. Finally, I note that economists consider that competitive markets can result in economically efficient market outcomes but these can be consistent with high degrees of inequality. As a result, a competitive benchmark in excessive pricing cases will necessarily involve Article 102 only taking fairness into account to a limited extent.

scholarly journals On the Investigation of the Mechanical Constitution of Loose Arenaceous Sediments by the method of Elutriation, with special reference to the Thanet Beds of the Southern Side of the London Basin

1920 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Arthur Baker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Clayey Sand ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Sedimentary Deposit ◽  
Physical Laws

The mechanical constitution of a detrital sedimentary deposit is the aggregate result of the operation of a complex suite of physical laws which govern transport of detrital material by, and its deposition from, water in motion. These physical laws have been elaborately investigated by many workers, and while much remains obscure, important conclusions have been achieved. The detailed examination of the mechanical constitution of the sediments of the geological column has been neglected, although a few pioneer workers have obtained notable results. Sediments of economic value have received attention, but in the realm of pure geology workers have been slow to take up the investigation. Accumulating results indicate, however, that geologists would do well to devote attention to this line of research. Distinctive results are being obtained from sediments, which, even though they may not lend themselves at the present time to complete interpretation, from the point of view of reconstruction of the conditions under which the said deposits were formed, nevertheless bid fair to provide the geologist with another weapon in his armoury. Fluviatile deposits have been found to possess a mechanical constitution distinct from that of estuarine sediments, and the latter are again clearly differentiated, mechanically, from purely marine formations. It may be remarked, too, that the nomenclature in current use applied to the loose sedimentary deposits lacks that element of scientific precision so desirable and necessary if proper progress is to be made. Such terms as “sand”, “clayey sand”, “sandy clay”, and “clay” are at present employed by different writers in different senses, and some system of classification which would give definiteness to the meaning of these and similar terms appears to be urgently called for. The only satisfactory basis for such a classification must be a quantitative one, depending upon mechanical analyses of sediments. When a sufficiently comprehensive collection of comparative data is available it should be a simple matter to devise an adequate scheme for the classification of the loose detrital sediments.

Archaean stromatolites from the Steep Rock Group, northwestern Ontario, Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Wilks ◽  
E. G. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Late Archaean ◽  
Rock Group ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Field Evidence

Reinvestigation of the late Archaean stromatolites of the Steep Rock Group has shown that a wide variety of forms is present, including domed and tabular bioherms and biostromes. Both columnar and noncolumnar structures are present. Branching is common in some columnar forms. Facing directions in the stromatolites are consistent with other field evidence showing that the base of the Steep Rock Group is an unconformity.

scholarly journals The Odivelas Limestone: evidence for a Middle Devonian reef system in western Ossa-Morena Zone (Portugal)

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Machado ◽  
Jindřich Hladil ◽  
Leona Koptíková ◽  
Paulo Fonseca ◽  
Fernando Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
Reef System ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Volcanic Suite ◽  
Reef Fauna ◽  
Analysis Point

The Odivelas Limestone: evidence for a Middle Devonian reef system in western Ossa-Morena Zone (Portugal)The Odivelas Limestone constitutes one of the few records of Middle Devonian sedimentation in the western Ossa-Morena Zone. Although deformed and metamorphosed the limestones have an abundant fossil content which allows their positioning as late Eifelian/early Givetian in age and to relate the reef fauna with the typical Rhenish facies for the same time period. Magnetic susceptibility analysis was attempted and is in agreement with the biostratigraphy, but the limited extent of sections and the metamorphism precludes firm correlations. The field evidence, petrographic and geochemical analysis point to a close paleogeographical relation and dependence of the reef system on volcanic structures which are included in the Beja Igneous Complex. The age of part of the volcanic and sub-volcanic suite of this complex is thus constrained.

Transmission electron microscope studies in special ceramics

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
A. Zangvil ◽  
L.J. Gauckler ◽  
G. Schneider ◽  
M. Rühle
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Lattice Resolution

The use of high temperature special ceramics which are usually complex materials based on oxides, nitrides, carbides and borides of silicon and aluminum, is critically dependent on their thermomechanical and other physical properties. The investigations of the phase diagrams, crystal structures and microstructural features are essential for better understanding of the macro-properties. Phase diagrams and crystal structures have been studied mainly by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has contributed to this field to a very limited extent; it has been used more extensively in the study of microstructure, phase transformations and lattice defects. Often only TEM can give solutions to numerous problems in the above fields, since the various phases exist in extremely fine grains and subgrain structures; single crystals of appreciable size are often not available. Examples with some of our experimental results from two multicomponent systems are presented here. The standard ion thinning technique was used for the preparation of thin foil samples, which were then investigated with JEOL 200A and Siemens ELMISKOP 102 (for the lattice resolution work) electron microscopes.

The Value of Private Non-Industrial Forestland for Wildlife Species Conservation

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly A. Johnson ◽  
Timm Kroeger ◽  
Josh Horn ◽  
Alison E. Adams ◽  
Damian C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Wildlife Viewing ◽  
Animal Habitat

Animals in Florida provide a variety of benefits to people, from recreation (fishing, hunting, or wildlife viewing) to protection of human life and property (oysters and corals provide reef structures that help protect coasts from erosion and flooding). By measuring the economic value of these benefits, we can assign a monetary value to the habitats that sustain these species and assess the value that is lost when development or other human-based activities degrade animal habitat. This 5-page fact sheet presents the results of a study that assessed the value of protecting five animal species in Florida and showed the economic value of protecting animal habitat.

PROSPEK USAHA INOVASI SPEAKER DAN PAJANGAN UNIK UPAYA PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH GULUNGAN KERTAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Saputri Rizki Ramadhanti ◽  
Joti Dina Kartikasari ◽  
Alfian Muttoqim Muttoqim ◽  
Umi Farida Farida ◽  
Amanda Oktaviani Amanda
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
New Business

The amount of paper waste, especially paper waste of yarn rolls in the socks manufactured factory and the convection industry that has not been used to get high economic value is an opportunity to open a new business, especially in the electronic and art craft product. SEPIK PANIK (Speaker of Music and Unique Display of Waste Paper Rolls) is an innovation from processing paper waste to be a unique speaker. The purposes of this program are: 1) Utilizing paper waste to get high selling value. 2) Creating handmade products from paper waste into speakers as well as unique creative display. 3) To accommodate the desire of college students who have entrepreneurial spirit and artistic creations to open new business opportunities. The method of make this SEPIK PANIK product includes 1) Making paper tube of speaker and 2) Making a Unique Display. The Sales of this product have been carried out during May to August 2019, products that have been sold are 34 units, obtained a profit of Rp. 1.170,000. Sales and promotion methods are carried out both online through social media and offline, namely direct selling and consignment. Based on these results, this business is very profitable and can benefit the surrounding environment.

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