scholarly journals V.—Note on the Geographical Distribution of Volcanos

1880 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
J. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Primary Result ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Secondary Results

From what we know about the cooling of the earth and its geological structure, it would seem very probable that the principal features which we now see upon the surface of our planet, as, for instance, the continents and ocean-beds, received their forms in very early times, being, in fact, more or less a primary result of contraction. Since the formation of these impressions, contractions have continued to take place, and secondary results have come about, the character of which would appear in a great measure to be dependent upon the primary results by which they were preceded. Amongst the secondary results I would point to the position occupied by many volcanos.

scholarly journals Questioning the ‘Anthropos’ in the Anthropocene: Is the Anthropocene Anthropocentric?

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Rangga Kala Mahaswa ◽  
Agung Widhianto
Keyword(s):  
Critical Realism ◽  
Causal Power ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ontological Turn

The word ‘Anthropocene’ has been controversial scientific concept, to name a new geological epoch that situates ‘Anthropos’ or ‘Man’ as an actor changing geological structure, altering the Earth system, and also making in unpredictable planetary changes. Criticism of the Anthropocene is based on Holocene's formal ratification rather than the Anthropocene findings. In addition, this paper will argue a realism philosophical approach though that the Anthropocene is not merely scientific speculation. This paper provides an ontological justification for humanity’s causal power in geological time based on Bhaskar’s critical realism and Graham’s speculative realism. This ontological turn will be a ‘new conceptual ground’ to define the Anthropocene without being imprisoned in ‘Anthropocentrism’ and will contribute to other fields, such as social sciences and humanities, to remake their understanding of the Anthropocene. Therefore, the result will be able to strengthen the Anthropocene ratification indirectly.

Fundamentals of engineering Geology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Platov
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Engineering Geology ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
State Educational

The theoretical and practical foundations of engineering geology, the geological structure and origin of the Earth are described, the minerals of rocks and the rocks themselves of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic origin are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the geomorphological, geodynamic, and hydrogeological conditions of the construction site with the allocation of three types of underground water: upper water, ground water, and inter-reservoir. The dynamics of the development of various forms of relief caused by endogenous and exogenous processes is given. The zonal elements of engineering and geological conditions of any construction site are given. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education institutions studying engineering geology.

Hydrochemical features of thermal waters in Kur-Gabyrry and Ganykh-Ayrichay interfluve region

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Salahov ◽  
◽  
Sh.S. Salahov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
High Recovery Rate ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Cenozoic Sediments

Studied areas are characterized with complicated geological structure. The formation of thermal waters in Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments is impacted by a number of factors, particularly tectonic penetration of Ganykh-Ayirichay deep fault. By their chemical composition the thermal waters in Kur-Gabyrry and Ganykh-Ayrichay interfluves are predominantly of natrium-chloride and potassium-chloride type. The gas composition of thermal waters in the territory differs by the depth and distribution area of separate components (nitrogen, methane, hydrogen sulfide etc.). The concentration of thermal waters in the territory is also quite various. The temperature of thermal waters in Kur-Gabyrry and Ganykh-Ayrichay interfluves on the Earth surface reaches up to 50 оС and is characterized with high recovery rate and dynamic regime. In this view, thermal waters can be used as an alternative source of thermal energy in the regions’ economy. Moreover, thermal waters have industrial significance. In a modern sanatorium-resort complex they may be used medicinally.

ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOME GENERA OF CANADIAN INSECTS

1872 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Francis Walker
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Snow And Ice

The study of the geographical distribution of Insects acquires additional interest by its connection with astronomical calculations, and with geological researches. From them it is understood that the earth was once covered with snow and ice from the poles to the tropics, and that the like event may recur in the future, and restore the hemispheres generally to the freshness and newness which they possessed at the close of the glacial period. The beginning of the cessation of this period corresponds with the origin of the present distribution of insect life, or with the commencement of the ascent of the individuals from the tropics towards the poles.

An analysis of tidal strain observations from the United States of America: I. The laterally homogeneous tide

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1629
Author(s):  
Christopher Beaumont ◽  
Jon Berger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Ocean Tide ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Ocean Tide Loading ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Love Numbers ◽  
Tidal Loading

abstract Tidal strain observations from seven observatories in the continental United States have been analyzed and the results compared with the tide predicted for a radially stratified earth model. Included in the predicted tide are the effects of ocean-tide loading for all of the major oceans. We find that on average the load strains contribute 44 per cent of the total M2 tidal strain and 13 per cent of the total O1 tidal strain. The differences between the predictions of the radially stratified earth model and the observations are significant. We conclude that: (1) Love numbers deduced from most strain observations are not representative of average earth properties. (2) The phase of the areal strain is neither independent of the tidal loading nor of the local geological structure. Hence, to use such phase observations as a measure of the anelastic properties of the Earth is incorrect.

NOTES ON SOME GENERA OF CANADIAN INSECTS

1872 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Francis Walker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
The Earth

The geographical distribution of Smicra differs much from that of Leucospis. Unlike the latter genus, which is spread thinly and somewhat equally over the warm and temperate regions of the earth, Smicra, with very few exceptions, is limited to the New World, where there are some species in North America, many in Mexico and in the West Indies, and great abundance in the tropical parts of South America, and the genus has thus much more influence than Leucospis in regulating, by means of transfer, the increase of other insect tribes.

Hydrogeological conditions of the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin within the Russkoye gas and oil field

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
V. A. Beshentsev ◽  
Yu. I. Salnikova ◽  
S. V. Vorobjeva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Oil And Gas Field

The article is devoted to the hydrogeochemical conditions of the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin within the Russkoye oil and gas field. The text gives valuable information on the natural conditions, geological structure, geotemperature regime of the bowels of the Earth and the composition of groundwater of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian, Neocomian, and Jurassic hydrogeological complexes. The change in the composition of groundwater in the section of the AptianAlbian-Cenomanian complex has been revealed. Vertical inversion zoning that traces the underlying the Neocomian complex is established. We describe the main features of the regional distribution of reservoir pressures. Hydrodynamic schemes of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian, Neocomian, and Jurassic hydrogeological complexes are given in the article. These schemes show that the Russkoye gas and oil field is located in the zone of low reservoir pressures. The above vertical inversion zoning and low reservoir pressures are associated with the location of the field within the elisional hydrodynamic water pressure system of the Yamal-Gydan lineaments. The data of the block-fault model of the considered field were used in the course of the study. The block-fault structure predetermined the migration of hydrocarbons and the formation of tectonically screened deposits.

scholarly journals Ichthyofauna of headwater streams from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, at the boundaries of the Ponta Grossa Arch, Paraná, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Frota ◽  
Hugo José Message ◽  
Rachel Calil de Oliveira ◽  
Evanilde Benedito ◽  
Weferson Júnio da Graça
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
River Dynamics ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Iguaçu River

Abstract: The rio Ribeira de Iguape basin (Paraná State) is highly relevant for the preservation of remnants of the Atlantic Forest. Its high levels of diversity and fish endemism explain the river dynamics promoted by the Ponta Grossa Arch, a geological structure that promotes headwater capture and isolation between the upper rio Paraná drainage, the rio Iguaçu and the rio Ribeira de Iguape. Here, our objective was to provide an unprecedented inventory for headwater streams of the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin at the boundaries of the Ponta Grossa Arch. We found 29 species of fish representing four orders and nine families. Siluriformes was the richest order followed by Characiformes. Nine species presented high abundance of sampled individuals, contributing with 87.8% of the collections. Four species appeared in less than 25% of the sampled sites (occasional), and six species appeared in more than 50% (constant). We identified three non-described species and one non-native (Coptodon rendalli). Two species had their geographical distribution extended and the presence of Astyanax bifasciatus, endemic to the Iguaçu river basin, ratifies recent events of headwater capture between coastal drainages and those that flow into the continent. Studies of biogeographic divisors are necessary to explain the origin and dispersion processes of species in order to direct studies on diversity and preventive management actions. Coptodon rendalli (Tilapia) is an alarming record on the introduction of species in the region.

scholarly journals On the vertical growth of continents in deep depressions of the Earth’s peridotite mantle

LITOSFERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-745
Author(s):  
A. M. Zhirnov
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Peridotite Mantle ◽  
Archean Basement

Research subject. The geological structure and evolution of the Earth’s continents.Methods. This article is based on a long-term study and review of geological, geophysical and bathymetric published data, as well as on an analysis of the major geological discoveries of the 20th century.Results and conclusions. It is established that all the continents on the Earth, except for Antarctica, constitute a single Northen megamaterik, which was being formed during a prolonged period of time (4.4 billion years) in a deep three-beam cavity on the surface of the peridotite mantle. The ancient Hadean– Archean basement of the megacontinent was being formed during the period of 3 billion years, which comprises about 70% of the Earth’s geological history. In the Late Proterozoic and Phanerozoic, periodically formed local depressions were flooded with sedimentary material leading to the formation of sedimentary basins and folded rock structures. As a result, the thickness of the megacontinent’s crust steadily increased reaching a large size of 15–40 or 60–70 km. During this period, the primary oceanic (peridotite) crust with a thickness of 3–5 km remained unchanged until the Mesozoic–Cenozoic, when it was covered with a layer of younger basalts and loose rock sediments with a thickness of 1–2 km.

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