scholarly journals Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary–tectonic development of the Mesaoria (Mesarya) Basin in an incipient, diachronous collisional setting: facies evidence from the north of Cyprus

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMESH N. PALAMAKUMBURA ◽  
ALASTAIR H. F. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
The South ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Basin Development ◽  
Multi Stage

AbstractThe Mesaoria (Mesarya) Basin exemplifies multi-stage basin development within a regional setting of diachronous continental collision. The Plio-Pleistocene represented a period of major sediment accumulation between two topographic highs, the Kyrenia Range in the north and the Troodos Massif in the south. During Pliocene time, open-marine marls and chalks of the Nicosia (Lefkoşa) Formation accumulated in a shelf setting. The Early Pleistocene period was characterized by a relative fall in sea level and a change to shallower-water bioclastic deposition of the Athalassa (Gürpınar) Formation. The northern margin of the basin was approximately delineated by the E–W neotectonic Ovgos (Dar Dere) fault zone. A carbonate ramp system formed directly to the south of this structural feature. During Early Pleistocene time, the basin evolved from an open-marine shelf to semi-enclosed lagoons with deltaic deposits, and finally to a non-marine aeolian setting, flanked by the rising Kyrenia Range to the north. Synthesis of geological evidence from the Mesaoria (Mesarya) Basin as a whole, including outcrop and borehole evidence from the south, adjacent to the Troodos Massif, indicates that the Pliocene – Early Pleistocene represented a relatively quiescent period. This intervened between Late Miocene – earliest Pleistocene southward thrusting–folding of the Kyrenia Range and Pleistocene intense surface uplift of both the Kyrenia Range and the Troodos Massif. The basin development reflects flexurally controlled collapse during Late Miocene – earliest Pliocene time related to southward thrusting, followed by strike-slip during westward tectonic escape of Anatolia, and finally regional uplift controlled by under-thrusting of continental crust from the south, as collision progressed.

The margins of Avalonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. M. COCKS ◽  
W. S. MCKERROW ◽  
C. R. VAN STAAL
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
The South ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Margin ◽  
Iapetus Ocean ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meguma Terrane

During Cambrian and earliest Ordovician times, Avalonia was an area forming an integral part of the huge Gondwanan continent, probably along the northern margin of Amazonia, until in early Ordovician (late Arenig or Llanvirn) time it split off from Gondwana, leaving a widening Rheic Ocean to its south. Today, its southern margin with Gondwana extends northeast from east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, through Nova Scotia north of the Meguma terrane, and thence below sea level to the south of Newfoundland. On the eastern side of the present Atlantic, the southern margin may separate southwest Portugal from the rest of the Iberian Peninsula; it can be traced eastwards with more certainty from the south Cornwall nappes to a line separating the Northern Phyllite Belt (on the southern margin of the Rhenohercynian terrane) and the Mid-German Crystalline High. There is no certain evidence of Avalonian crust to the northeast of the Elbe Line. The northern margin of Avalonia extends westwards from south of Denmark to the British Isles, where it merges with the Iapetus Ocean suture between Scotland and England. Traced westwards, it crosses Ireland and reappears in northern Newfoundland to the east of New World Island, where it may follow the trace of the Dog Bay Line and the Cape Ray Fault. Recent work suggests that the northern margin of Avalonia may clip the northern tip of Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, and then enter the North American mainland at the Bay of Chaleur; it may then be traced from north and west of the Popelogan and Bronson Hill arcs to Long Island Sound near Newhaven, Connecticut. The Cambrian to Devonian faunas reflect the history of Avalonia: initially they were purely Gondwanan but, as Ordovician time proceeded, more genera crossed firstly the Tornquist Ocean as it narrowed between Avalonia and Baltica to close in latest Ordovician and early Silurian times, and secondly the Iapetus Ocean, so that by the early Silurian most of the benthic shelly faunas, apart from the ostracods, were the same round the adjacent margins of all three palaeocontinents.

scholarly journals Glacial features of the Børglum Elv region, eastern North Greenland

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
R.L Christie
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacial Epoch ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Inland Ice ◽  
North Greenland

Lauge Koch recognised in 1921 that the Inland Ice had not overwhelmed all of North Greenland during the Glacial Epoch and, although his data were few, he suggested a generalised probable outward extent of the former ice cap (Koch, 1923, fig. 2). The mapping of the outward limit was based on the identification of erratics of rocks unique to parts of the present northern margin of the Inland Ice. Field work by Troelsen (1952) confirmed the existence of the limit in the vicinity of BØrglum Elv. Data collected in 1974 suggest that Koch's line, in the Børglum Elv region at least, was well located, but that the boundary relationships may be complex due to overlapping of limits of ice from the south and the north.

Provenance of Carboniferous strata (the Meishan Group) on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt and implications of oblique convergence between the North and South China blocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1010-1023
Author(s):  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Shuangying Li ◽  
Xiangyang Xie ◽  
Yanlin Lu ◽  
Arthur B. Busbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
South China Block ◽  
The South ◽  
North China Block ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
The North ◽  
Dabie Orogenic Belt ◽  
Oblique Convergence ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT The newly defined Carboniferous Meishan Group, along the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt, provides unique opportunities to document the poorly understood Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt and the Paleozoic convergence between the North and South China blocks. We apply sandstone petrology, geochemistry, and U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronology to constrain the provenance of the Carboniferous Meishan Group and to document its potential tectonic significance. We conclude that the Meishan Group received most sediment directly from early Paleozoic continental island arc rocks that are currently missing in the Dabie orogenic belt, with minor contributions from middle Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks of the South China Block and recycling of Archean to Proterozoic basement rocks of both the North and South China blocks. Compilation and comparison of detrital zircons and geochemistry data of the Silurian–Devonian and Carboniferous units suggests that all of them share similar source areas, but that individual contributions from each source were different. These results support the hypothesis that the Dabie orogenic belt developed a similar Paleozoic accretionary system, and shares a similar tectonic history, with the Qinling orogenic belt. These provenance patterns can be explained by a model of oblique convergence between the North and South China blocks during the Paleozoic. The South China Block was obliquely subducted beneath the North China Block with its opening to the east, forming an eastward-widening sedimentary basin. As a result, the eastern part of the basin received more sediment from the northern passive margin of the South China Block, while the western part of the basin received more material from the southern active margin of the North China Block.

Exhumation history of the Lomas de Olmedo basin: constraining multi-phase deformation using low-temperature thermochronology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemijn S.M.T. van Kooten ◽  
Edward R. Sobel ◽  
Cecilia del Papa ◽  
Patricio Payrola ◽  
Alejandro Bande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Fault Reactivation ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Rift Basin ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Margin

<p>The Cretaceous period in NW Argentina is dominated by the formation of the Salta rift basin, an intracontinental rift basin with multiple branches extending from the central Salta-Jujuy High. One of these branches is the ENE-WSW striking Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin, which hosts up to 5 km of syn- and post-rift deposits of the Salta Group, accommodated by substantial throw along SW-NE striking normal faults and subsequent thermal subsidence during the Cretaceous-Paleogene. Early compressive movement in the Eastern Cordillera led to the formation of a foreland basin setting that was further dissected in the Neogene by the uplift of basement-cored ranges. As a consequence, the northwestern part of the Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin was disconnected from the Andean foreland and local depocenters such as the Cianzo basin were formed, whereas the eastern sub-basin area is still part of the Andean foreland. Thus, the majority of the Salta Group to the east is located in the subsurface and has been extensively explored for petroleum, while in northwestern part of the sub-basin, the Salta Group is increasingly deformed and is fully exposed in the km-scale Cianzo syncline of the Hornocal ranges. The SW-NE striking Hornocal fault delimits the Cianzo basin to the south and the Cianzo syncline to the north. During the Cretaceous, it formed the northern margin of the Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin, which is indicated by an increasing thickness of the syn-rift deposits towards the Hornocal fault, as well as a lack of syn-rift deposits on the footwall block. Structural mapping and unpublished apatite fission track (AFT) data show that the Hornocal normal fault was reactivated and inverted during the Miocene. Although structural and sedimentary features of the Cianzo basin infill provide information about the relative timing of fault activity, there is a lack of low-temperature thermochronology. Herein, we aim to constrain the exhumation of the Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin during the Cretaceous rifting phase, as well as the onset and magnitude of fault reactivation in the Miocene. We collected 74 samples for low-temperature thermochronology along two major NW-SE transects in the Cianzo basin and adjacent areas. Of these samples, 59 have been analyzed using apatite and/or zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology (AHe, ZHe). Furthermore, 49 samples have been prepared for AFT analysis. The ages are incorporated in thermo-kinematic modelling using Pecube in order to test the robustness of uplift and exhumation scenarios. On the hanging wall block of the N-S striking east-vergent Cianzo thrust north of the Hornocal fault, Jurassic ZHe ages are attributed to pre-Salta Group exhumation. However, associated thrusts to the south show ZHe ages as young as Eocene-Oligocene, which might indicate early post-rift activity along those thrusts. AHe data from the Cianzo syncline show a direct age-elevation relationship with Late Miocene-Pliocene cooling ages, indicating the onset of rapid exhumation along the Hornocal fault in the Miocene. This is consistent with regional data and suggests that pre-existing extensional structures were reactivated during Late Miocene-Pliocene compressive movement within this part of the Central Andes.</p>

scholarly journals Pliocene (Tertiary) and Early Pleistocene (Quaternary) Mammalia of East Anglia, Great Britain, in Relation to the Appearance of Man

1922 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Fairfield Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The South ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
The North ◽  
Mammal Fauna

In studying the evolution and distribution of the Proboscidea and the arrival of man in Great Britain (Osborn, 1922, 1922a, 1922b), the writer has recently had occasion to review the faunal researches of Lydekker and Newton, and the collection of Mr. A. C. Savin, in connexion with the very interesting question of the geologic correlation of Great Britain with the Upper Pliocene fauna of Europeto the south-east, and of the Scandinavian Glaciation I on the north, with the advent of the northern forest, the boreal, and the Arctic mammal fauna of Great Britain.

West Timor: a key for the eastern Indonesian geodynamic evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 184 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-582
Author(s):  
Michel Villeneuve ◽  
Hervé Bellon ◽  
Rossana Martini ◽  
Agus Harsolumakso ◽  
Jean-Jacques Cornée
Keyword(s):  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
The South ◽  
Geodynamic Evolution ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Early Pliocene ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
West Timor

Abstract Timor Island was at time considered as an example of “accretionary prism” linked to the collision between the Australian block and the Banda arc. However, its geological evolution is more complex. Five main superimposed structural units are distinguished in West Timor. The today structure is the result of three main tectonic events that occurred during the Late Oligocene, Late Early Pliocene and Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene times, respectively. Our field investigations in the 1990 to 2000 decade completed with geochemical analyses and K-Ar datings (Jurassic and Miocene ages) of magmatism allow to precise the geodynamic evolution of Timor that can be summarized as follows: a first block was detached from Gondwana (unit 2) and drifted to the Asiatic margin until the Late Oligocene when it collided with the Asiatic active margin (unit 3). Then, the new block formed by both 2 and 3 units drifted to the south during the Miocene and the Early Pliocene until it collided with the Australian margin (ASM), by the Late Early Pliocene. Then, the Australian and Timor blocks moved together towards the North-North East during the Late Pliocene until they collided with the Banda fore-arc (unit 4). Later on (Pleistocene), Timor island was capped by the “autochthon” (unit 5) and then on (Quaternary?) by the Banda volcanic arc northward thrusted over the South Banda basin. Taking in consideration its close relationships with both the Australian plate and the Eurasian one. Timor may be considered as a key area for building this geodynamical scenario of Indonesia.

scholarly journals New insights on the Early Pleistocene equids from Roca-Neyra (France, central Europe): implications for the Hipparion LAD and the Equus FAD in Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Omar Cirilli ◽  
Raymond L. Bernor ◽  
Lorenzo Rook
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
The North ◽  
Azov Sea

Abstract We undertake a redescription of the equid sample from the Early Pleistocene of Roca-Neyra, France. This locality has been recently calibrated at the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary (2.6 ± 0.2 Ma) and therefore it is of interest for the first appearance of the genus Equus and last appearance of hipparionine horses. The Roca-Neyra equid sample, re-analyzed herein using morphological, morphometrical, and statistical analyses, has revealed the co-occurrence of Plesiohipparion cf. ?P. rocinantis and Equus cf. E. livenzovensis. The analysis undertaken on several European, African, and Asian “Hipparion” sensu lato species from late Miocene to Early Pleistocene has revealed different remnant Hipparion lineages in the Plio-Pleistocene of Europe: Plesiohipparion, Proboscidippaion, and likely Cremohipparion. The discovery of the first European monodactyl horse, Equus cf. E. livenzovensis correlates Roca-Neyra with other 2.6 Ma European localities in Italy, Spain, and in the Khapry area (Azov Sea region). The morphological description of the Equus cf. E. livenzovensis lower cheek teeth has highlighted intermediate features between the North American Pliocene species Equus simplicidens and Early Pleistocene European Equus stenonis. Our study supports the hypothesis that E. livenzovensis is a plausible evolutionary predecessor for the Equus stenonis group. These observations underscore the importance of Roca-Neyra as an important locality for the last European hipparions and the first Equus in the Early Pleistocene of Europe.

Reassessment of a fossil specimen of Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anura: Bufonidae), from Early Pleistocene of Bolivia

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4830 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
LUCAS A. BARCELOS ◽  
VANESSA K. VERDADE
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
North Central ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central

Bufonidae is a cosmopolite and speciose clade that is currently hypothesized to have originated in Gondwana around 78–99 Ma (Pramuk et al. 2008). The systematics of the family was assessed using morphological and molecular data, alone or in a total evidence analysis (Pramuk 2006; Pramuk et al. 2008; Bocxlaer et al. 2010; Pyron & Wiens 2011). Due to taxonomic changes, most of the South American species of Bufo Garsault were relocated to the genus Rhinella Fitzinger, currently the second most speciose genus with 92 scientifically named and valid species (Frost 2020). The species in the genus are arranged in six taxonomic groups (crucifer, granulosa, margaritifera, marina, spinulosa, veraguensis species groups [Frost 2020]); the Rhinella marina group is characterized by specimens with well-ossified and exostosed skull, ornamented with deep striations, pits, and rugosities (Maciel et al. 2010). The Rhinella marina group includes eleven living species, distributed in two main clades named after their geographical distribution: the north-central clade and south-central clade. The south-central clade bears the species: R. achavali (Maneyro, Arrieta & de Sá), R. arenarum (Hensel), R. icterica (Spix), and R. rubescens (Lutz). The north-central clade bears the species: R. cerradensis Maciel, Brandão, Campos & Sebben, R. horribilis (Wiegmann), R. jimi (Stevaux), R. marina (Linnaeus), R. poeppigii (Tschudi), R. schneideri (Werner), and R. veredas (Brandão, Maciel & Sebben). 

Caledonian nappe geometry in north-central Sweden and basin evolution on the Baltoscandian margin

1989 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney A. Gayer ◽  
Reinhard O. Greiling
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
The South ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Development ◽  
Basement High ◽  
Sedimentary Fill

AbstractStructural analysis of the Lower Allochthon in the north-central Scandinavian Caledonides has allowed the construction of restorable cross-sections consistent with the development of a foreland-propagating linked thrust system. The internal geometry of an antiformal stack, the Njakafjäll duplex, within the Lower Allochthon demonstrates tectonic shortening of c. 50% and suggests an overall predeformational width for the Lower Allochthon in this area of at least c. 130 km, and possibly considerably greater if the buried trailing edge of the Lower Allochthon lies in a comparable position to that farther south in Tröndelag. These results, combined with a stratigraphic analysis of the imbricates within the Lower Allochthon and of the adjoining Autochthon and Middle Allochthon, indicate the development, from Proterozoic through Cambrian times, of two sedimentary basins on the c. 200 km wide continental margin of Baltica bordering the Iapetus Ocean. The basins were separated by a region of basement relief, the Børgefjell domain, above which a reduced sequence of Vendian to Cambrian rocks accumulated. This Børgefjell basement high, and the similar Njakafjäll basement high to the east, subsequently became the sites of antiformal stack development. It is argued that the frequent incorporation of basement into the thrust sheets, together with the thin sedimentary fill of these basins, compared with the much greater fill in basins to the south in Jämtland and to the north of Finnmark, implies major palaeogeographic changes along the Baltoscandian margin, possibly related to early rift geometries. The apparent lack of subsequent foreland basin development in north-central Scandinavia compared with areas to the south may indicate a deeper level of thrust detachment beneath the Middle Allochthon to the north, such that any foreland basin sediments have been removed in the hangingwall and subsequently eroded. An alternative possibility is a primary absence of foreland basin development that may relate to a differing response to thrust loading by continental lithosphere which had been variably thinned during the earlier rift regime.

scholarly journals HIGH PERCENTAGE OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT CONNECTION WITH THE ACCUMULATION SEDIMENT AS RESPONSE LONGSHORE CURRENTS IN THE BELITUNG WATERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Delyuzar Ilahude ◽  
Maman Surachman
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Longshore Currents ◽  
Prediction Curve

The study area is geographically located in the West coast of Belitung island at coordinates 105o48'00" - 106o06' 00" E and 06o46'00" - 06o50' 00" S. The beach and coastal area is influenced by wave energy from the West and North directions The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the zone of sediment accumulation of empirical approaches on oceanography parameter containing rare earth elements. The approach used is to predict the shore wave energy using wave prediction curve deep waters to obtain the energy flux of the wave at each point of reference. Sediments containing rare earth elements tend to lead to the south as a result of the movement of longshore currents. Regional coastal area of the western part of the island of Belitung, especially in the southern part of the estuary of the river Tanjung Pandan is estimated to be a zone of sediment accumulation. The movement of sediment caused by wave energy from the north led to sedimentation evolved significantly in the south which is thought to contain rare earths minerals derived from land. This sedimentation process takes place on a seasonal basis, which allegedly took place in the west. The movement of sediment to the south of the mouth of the Cerucuk River it is predicted that rare earth elements were supplied from these rivers tend to settle in the southern part of the estuary Cerucuk throughout the year.Keywords: accumulation of sediment, longshore currents, rare earth elements offshore Belitung Lokasi daerah penelitian secara geografis terletak di pesisir pantai barat Pulau Belitung pada koordinat 105o48'00" - 106o06'00" BT dan 06o46'00" - 06o50'00"LS. Pesisir pantai termasuk pantai terbuka terhadap pengaruh energi gelombang dari arah barat dan utara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melakukan analisis hubungan antara zona akumulasi sedimen dari pendekatan empirik parameter osenografi dan kandungan unsur tanah jarang. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu dengan memprediksi energi gelombang pantai menggunakan kurva prediksi gelombang perairan dalam untuk memperoleh energi fluks gelombang pada setiap titik referensi. Pengendapan sedimen bermuatan unsur tanah jarang cenderung mengarah ke selatan sebagai akibat dari pergerakan arus sejajar pantai. Daerah kawasan pesisir bagian barat Pulau Belitung terutama di bagian selatan muara sungai Tanjung Pandan diperkirakan menjadi zona akumulasi sedimen. Pergerakan sedimen akibat dari energi gelombang dari arah utara menyebabkan adanya sedimentasi berkembang cukup signifikan di bagian selatan yang diduga bermuatan mineral unsur tanah jarang asal dari darat. Proses sedimentasi ini berlangsung secara musiman, yang kemungkinan berlangsung pada musim barat. Adanya pergerakan sedimen ke arah selatan dari muara Sungai Cerucuk maka diperkirakan unsur tanah jarang yang dipasok dari sungai tersebut cenderung mengendap di bagian selatan dari muara Sungai Cerucuk sepanjang tahun. Kata kunci: akumulasi sedimen, arus sejajar pantai, unsur tanah jarang lepas pantai Belitung

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