scholarly journals Paleogeographic evolution and avulsion history of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J.A. Berendsen ◽  
E. Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Channel Pattern ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peat Formation ◽  
River Banks

AbstractApproximately 200,000 lithological borehole descriptions, 1200 14C dates, 36,000 dated archaeological artifacts, and gradients of palaeochannels were used to reconstruct the Holocene evolution of the fluvial part of the Rhine-Meuse delta. Ages of all Holocene channel belts were stored in a Geographical Information System database that enables generation of palaeogeographic maps for any time during the Holocene. The time resolution of the palaeogeographic reconstruction is about 200 years.During the Holocene, avulsion was an important process, resulting in frequent shifts of areas of clastic sedimentation. Palaeogeographic evolution and avulsion history of the Rhine-Meuse delta are governed by complex interactions among several factors. These are: (1) Location and shape of the Late Weichselian palaeovalley. In the Early Holocene, rivers were confined to the LateWeichselian valley. When aggradation shifted upstream, the margins of the valley were crossed by newly formed channel belts. (2) Sealevel rise, which resulted in back-filling of the palaeovalley. (3) River channel pattern. In the central-western part of the delta, a straight anastomosed channel pattern with large-scale crevassing developed as a result of sealevel rise and the associated decrease of stream power. (4) Neotectonics. Differential tectonic movements of the Peel Horst and Roer Valley Graben seem to have influenced river behaviour (formation of an asymmetrical meander belt, location of avulsion nodes in fault zones), especially from 4500–2800 14C yr BP when the rate of sealevel rise had decreased. After 2800 14C yr BP sealevel rise further decreased, and tectonic influence still may have influenced avulsions, but from then on other factors became dominant. (5) Increased discharge, sediment load and/or within-channel sedimentation. After 2800 14C yr BP, meander wavelenghts increased, which is interpreted as a result of increased bankfull discharge and/or within channel sedimentation. After 2000 14C yr BP both discharge and sediment load increased as a result of human influence. (6) Coastal configuration. The limited number of tidal inlets and extensive peat formation restricted the number of avulsions in the western part of the delta, and enhanced channel reoccupation. (7) Composition of the substrate and river banks. Meandering river channels tended to adhere to the sandy margins of the LateWeichselian palaeovalley, and high channel sinuosity is found in areas where river banks consisted of sand. Peat formation, which was most extensive in the western part of the back-barrier area especially between 4000 and 3000 14C yr BP, more or less fixed the river pattern at that time, hampering avulsions. (8) Marine ingressions, e.g. the 1421 AD St. Elizabeth’s flood caused large-scale erosion in the southwestern part of the fluvial deltaic plain, resulting in a shift of the main drainage to the SW. (9) Human influence. Since about 1100 AD human influence dominated the palaeogeographic evolution. Rivers were embanked and natural avulsions did no longer occur.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE HOLOCENE STAGE OF FORMATION OF THE DNIESTER VALLEY IN THE EASTERN CARPATHIAN FORELAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-139
Author(s):  
Andriy Yatsyshyn ◽  
Piotr Gębica
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Meandering Channel ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
Human Economic Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages

The article describes the main stages of studying of the floodplain and the first floodplain terrace of the Dniester river within the Eastern Carpathian Foreland fragment of the valley, and evaluates the results of existing studies. It is discovered that during all the stages of the research morphological and morphometric parameters of the floodplain and the first floodplain terrace of the Dniester river, morphology and facie structures of the alluvial accumulations, as well as palynological analyses of biogenic accumulations buried in an alluvial series are performed. The results obtained during the palynological analyzes are used to date the erosion-accumulation cycles and to reconstruct the physical-geographical conditions of the time of the floodplain and the first floodplain formation of the Dniester terrace. The radiocarbon dating of biogenic sediments buried in alluvial series is also actively conducted at the last stage of the research. The array of geological and geomorphological information collected at the first two stages of research made it possible to establish that, first, the first floodplain terrace and floodplain were formed during the Holocene in the Dniester Valley. The first floodplain terrace (the height of which reaches 4–6 m above the Dniester riverbed) can be considered as a high floodplain which is often covered by high floods. The terrace is accumulative, but unlike all other terraces of the Dniester it is devoid of the loess cover. In the cross-sections of its accumulations the deposits of the alluvium of the channel facies builted of pebbles are exposed and covered with the alluvium of the floodplain facies composed of sands, sandy loams and loams. The total thickness of alluvium reaches 9–10 m and it doesn’t varysignificantly downstream of the Dniester. Except the Upper Dniester basin, where the thickness of the alluvium increases to 10–18 m, and the layers of peat are found. The floodplain is 4–5 m above the Dniester riverbed and is built of alluvium of the channel facies, dominated by sand and pebble series. In someplaces floodplain is covered with sandy or loamy deposits of floodplain facies. Secondly, in the Eastern Carpathian Foreland part of the Dniester valley the course of fluvial morpholitogenetic processes was regulated not only by climatic changes and neotectonic movements, but also by human economic activity. During the XIX–XX centuries especially large-scale human influence was on the Dniester riverbeds by construction of flood ramparts, reclamation canals, etc. The results of recent geomorphological research conducted within the studied fragment of the river valley particularly palynological and radiocarbon dating have significantly improved the idea of morphology, structure and history of floodplain formation and the first floodplain terrace of the Dniester. The research revealed that the accumulation of alluvium of the first floodplain terrace which is above the Dniester riverbed reaches 5,5–6,5 (7) m and started to develop in the late Pleistocene (Bølling–Allerød interstadial) (13 000–11 000 years ago (GI–1)). Presumably in the early Dryas (11 000–10 000 years ago (GS–1)), the first floodplain terrace was dissected by the meandering channel of the Dniester. The alluvial deposits that fill these large paleomeanders are still well preserved and are often exposed in the ledges of the first terrace. The further development of the floodplain and first floodplain terrace of the Dniester river was taking place in several stages such as the end of the boreal, the beginning of the atlantic, the end of the atlantic, subboreal, the beginning of the subatlantic, as well as during V–VI, X–XII and XIV–XVI centuries. These stages are identified in correlation with the cycles of humidification of the climate and the growth of fluvial activity of riverbeds (flood phases). As a result of the intensification of erosion-accumulation activity of the Dniester the two – three levels of Holocene floodplain were formed up to 4–5 m and 3–4 m high. The first traces of human activity within the studied fragment of the Dniester valley were dated by subboreal and recorded by the presence of grain pollen in the spore-pollen diagrams of Mainych (Upper Dniester Basin) and Tsvitova (Galician-Bukachiv Basin) sections. Key words: Dniester valley; floodplain; the first floodplain terrace; alluvium; phases of floods; Allerød; early Dryas; Holocene.

scholarly journals Evolution of the main geomorphological structure of the Holocene Kuban river delta

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
A. A. Svitoch ◽  
D. V. Magritskiy ◽  
A. V. Porotov ◽  
R. R. Makshaev ◽  
N. A. Tyunin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Holocene Transgression ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Kuban River ◽  
Recent Epoch

In the recent epoch the Kuban River delta is characterized by little distributary with low zone of lagoons and flooded areas. This accumulative plain includes different types of mesorelief such as longshore bar, channel bank, liman, plavni and channel distributaries. There are three huge geomorphological types of Kuban delta: old, young deltas and Kuban-Taman region. The main differences between them are diverse geomorphological levels, evolution of marine and fluvial forms and incomplete geomorphological development. The relief of the Kuban delta is Holocene. The main factors of its formation were large-scale fluctuations of the Azov-Black Sea basin, the flow of water and sediment of the Kuban River and its distribution in area. In the history of the development of the modern relief of the Kuban delta, there are three stages (epochs). The first is the Bugaz stage of the Holocene transgression (9.57.9 ka), when the relief of the old delta was formed. In the second stage of the Holocene transgression (Vityazevskaya, Kalamitskaya, and Dzhemetyan stages), a transitional type of relief was formed in the area adjacent to the floods of the young delta and the old delta with the formation of large buried bars. In the third stage, the systems of modern estuaries and plavni were formed, separated from the sea by a modern coastal bar.

scholarly journals The Advent of the 4D Mirror World

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Frederic Kaplan ◽  
Isabella Di Lenardo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Photographic Material ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Potential ◽  
Image Archives

The 4D Mirror World is considered to be the next planetary-scale information platform. This commentary gives an overview of the history of the converging trends that have progressively shaped this concept. It retraces how large-scale photographic surveys served to build the first 3D models of buildings, cities, and territories, how these models got shaped into physical and virtual globes, and how eventually the temporal dimension was introduced as an additional way for navigating not only through space but also through time. The underlying assumption of the early large-scale photographic campaign was that image archives had deeper depths of latent knowledge still to be mined. The technology that currently permits the advent of the 4D World through new articulations of dense photographic material combining aerial imagery, historic photo archives, huge video libraries, and crowd-sourced photo documentation precisely exploits this latent potential. Through the automatic recognition of “homologous points,” the photographic material gets connected in time and space, enabling the geometrical computation of hypothetical reconstructions accounting for a perpetually evolving reality. The 4D world emerges as a series of sparse spatiotemporal zones that are progressively connected, forming a denser fabric of representations. On this 4D skeleton, information of cadastral maps, BIM data, or any other specific layers of a geographical information system can be easily articulated. Most of our future planning activities will use it as a way not only to have smooth access to the past but also to plan collectively shared scenarios for the future.

Materials for the history of the gospel-Baptist movement in Ukraine

1996 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S. Golovaschenko ◽  
Petro Kosuha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The report is based on the first results of the study "The History of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists in Ukraine", carried out in 1994-1996 by the joint efforts of the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Odessa Theological Seminary of Evangelical Christian Baptists. A large-scale description and research of archival sources on the history of evangelical movements in our country gave the first experience of fruitful cooperation between secular and church researchers.

Integration of Ecological and Engineering Aspects in Planning Large Scale Tidal Power Development in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
The Many ◽  
University Scientists

Large-scale tidal power development in the Bay of Fundy has been given serious consideration for over 60 years. There has been a long history of productive interaction between environmental scientists and engineers durinn the many feasibility studies undertaken. Up until recently, tidal power proposals were dropped on economic grounds. However, large-scale development in the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy now appears to be economically viable and a pre-commitment design program is highly likely in the near future. A large number of basic scientific research studies have been and are being conducted by government and university scientists. Likely environmental impacts have been examined by scientists and engineers together in a preliminary fashion on several occasions. A full environmental assessment will be conducted before a final decision is made and the results will definately influence the outcome.

scholarly journals A Survey on Edge Performance Benchmarking

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Blesson Varghese ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
David Bermbach ◽  
Cheol-Ho Hong ◽  
Eyal De Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Performance Benchmarking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
History Of

Edge computing is the next Internet frontier that will leverage computing resources located near users, sensors, and data stores to provide more responsive services. Therefore, it is envisioned that a large-scale, geographically dispersed, and resource-rich distributed system will emerge and play a key role in the future Internet. However, given the loosely coupled nature of such complex systems, their operational conditions are expected to change significantly over time. In this context, the performance characteristics of such systems will need to be captured rapidly, which is referred to as performance benchmarking, for application deployment, resource orchestration, and adaptive decision-making. Edge performance benchmarking is a nascent research avenue that has started gaining momentum over the past five years. This article first reviews articles published over the past three decades to trace the history of performance benchmarking from tightly coupled to loosely coupled systems. It then systematically classifies previous research to identify the system under test, techniques analyzed, and benchmark runtime in edge performance benchmarking.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of Si-Jun-Zi-Tang-based therapies for functional (non-ulcer) dyspepsia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Xiuqiong Fu ◽  
Tiejun Tong ◽  
Zhiling Yu
Keyword(s):  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia

Abstract Background The traditional Chinese medicine formula Si-Jun-Zi-Tang (SJZT) has a long history of application in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (non-ulcer dyspepsia, FD)-like symptoms. SJZT-based therapies have been claimed to be beneficial in managing FD. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of SJZT-based therapies in treating FD by meta-analysis. Methods Systematic searches for RCTs were conducted in seven databases (up to February 2019) without language restrictions. Data were analyzed using Cochrane RevMan software version 5.3.0 and Stata software version 13.1, and reported as relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary outcome was response rate and the secondary outcomes were gastric emptying, quality of life, adverse effects and relapse rate. The quality of evidence was evaluated according to criteria from the Cochrane risk of bias. Results A total of 341 potentially relevant publications were identified, and 12 RCTs were eligible for inclusion. For the response rate, there was a statically significant benefit in favor of SJZT-based therapies (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.30). However, the benefit was limited to modified SJZT (MSJZT). The relapse rate of FD patients received SJZT-based therapies was lower than that of patients who received conventional medicines (OR = 0.23; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.51). No SJZT-based therapies-related adverse effect was reported. Conclusion SJZT-based prescriptions may be effective in treating FD and no serious side-effects were identified, but the effect on response rate appeared to be limited to MSJZT. The results should be interpreted with caution as all the included studies were considered at a high risk of bias. Standardized, large-scale and strictly designed RCTs are needed to further validate the benefits of SJZT-based therapies for FD management. Trial registration Systematic review registration: [PROSPERO registration: CRD42019139136].

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