Paul's Argumentation in Galatians 1–2

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan S. Vos
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Full Membership ◽  
People Of God ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mirror Reading

In the Epistle to the Galatians, Paul directly addresses only the Galatian churches; through them, however, he is engaged in a polemic against rival missionaries who had influenced the churches with another gospel. If one intends to analyze Paul's argumentation in Galatians 1–2, it is necessary first to ask about the characteristics of these missionaries and their gospel. In the history of research, many different pictures of the opponents and their gospel have been drawn. These reconstructions result partly from the method of so-called mirror reading; this method infers the position of the opponents by reversing the negations and affirmations in Paul's argumentation. Recently and with good reason this method has been criticized. In my analysis I confine myself to what can be said with certainty about the opponents: First, the opponents shared with Paul the belief in Jesus as the messiah; otherwise Paul could not have termed their message a “gospel” (Gal 1:6). Second, for the opponents the gospel of Paul was incomplete, because it lacked part of the commandments of the covenant, particularly the commandment of circumcision as a prerequisite for full membership among the people of God (Gal 5:3–4; 6:12–13). Although Paul himself did not mention it, we can safely assume that on this point the opponents referred to scripture. Gen 17:10–11, for example, states clearly that without circumcision no one can be a member of the covenant.

Liturgical Power

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Heron
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
People Of God ◽  
The People ◽  
Pastoral Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic History ◽  
Point Of Departure

The second chapter seeks to deepen and extend Agamben’s analysis by describing the terms of a specifically Christian technology of power. Its point of departure is Erik Peterson’s suggestion that the form of political action specific to Christianity coincides with the Church’s appropriation of the practice that in the ancient Greek polis was termed leitourgia; a suggestion which in turn stimulates a reappraisal of Foucault’s influential notion of pastoral power. “Pastoral power,” the chapter argues, on the basis of a detailed reconstruction of the semantic history of the term (laos) that in the Greek biblical tradition designates the “people” as the referent of pastoral intervention, is more precisely conceived as “liturgical power.” Only by emphasising its liturgical dimension, it contends, can we fully grasp the stakes of the process that Foucault himself suggestively described as the “institutionalisation of the pastorate” and which coincides with the establishment of a fundamental division in the single people of God.

Characterizing Rock Art Pigments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Chalmin ◽  
Jillian Huntley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Important Evidence

The materials used to make rock art contain important evidence about the cultural practices of the people who created it: their technologies, movements, and social interactions. The number of studies of archaeological pigments in the recent literature demonstrates how fruitful such enquiries can be. In this chapter, the authors discuss the physicochemical characterization of rock art pigments, outline the history of research in this area, differentiate key concepts and terminology, and describe principal methods. They conclude with illustrative case studies from France, South Africa, and Australia to demonstrate the kinds of archaeological information that can be preserved in rock art pigments.

Karl Barth's Doctrine of the Sabbath

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-425
Author(s):  
James Brown
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Theological Ethics ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
The People ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
The One

‘In general, theological ethics has handled this command of God [the fourth Mosaic commandment] … with a casualness and feebleness which certainly do not match its importance in Holy Scripture or its decisive material significance’ (Church Dogmatics, 111.4, P. 50). Thus Karl Barth in the English translation of his Kirchliche Dogmatik (hereafter referred to as CD.). His own treatment is neither fragmentary nor perfunctory. There are references to ‘Sabbath’ in the indexes of six of twelve volumes of the Dogmatics so far published. The particular discussion of the Fourth Commandment occurs in his treatment of Special Ethics in CD. 111.4, where ‘the one command of God’ the Creator is set forth ‘in this particular application’ of ‘The Holy Day’ (p. 50). But for Barth the scriptural references to Sabbath rest have relevance to the doctrines of God, and Revelation; to the relation of God's Eternity to man's temporal being; to the biblical conception of Creation as the setting for the Covenant history of the Old Testament and the New Testament fulfilment of the divine purpose in redemption in Christ, to be completed and perfected in the ‘rest that remaineth to the people of God’ (Heb. 4.9). The treatment of the topic throughout the Dogmatics constitutes a corpus of exegesis and doctrine of which even a summary statement such as is here attempted might well be a useful contribution towards modern efforts at rethinking the Christian use of the Lord's Day.

scholarly journals ’n Herdefiniëring van Paulus se konflik in Galasië: Die brief aan die Galasiërs deur die bril van die sosiale wetenskappe

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Craffert
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
First Century ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
People Of God ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Scientific

Redefining Paul’s conflict in Galatia: The letter to the Galatians through the lense of the social sciences Traditional attempts at identifying Paul’s oppponents in the letter to the Galatians are methodologically stamped by a history-of-ideas approach; this is accompanied by at least two interpretive traditions (one focusing on the Reformation question of righteousness by works or by faith, and the second by the inclusion of Gentiles in the people of God). After a social- scientific methodology is introduced, three facets of Paul’s social realities are discussed: communication in a predominantly oral culture, Judaism as a first-century religious phenomenon, and the household institution. It is suggested that these provide us with an opportunity for redefining the conflict as a conflict on Paul’s honour and authority.

scholarly journals Sługa Jahwe w interpretacji św. Hieronima

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jóźwiak
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
People Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of Exegesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Interpretation

In the history of exegesis three general models of the interpretation of the Servant of Yahweh Song can be outlined. The first one is a collective interpretation that considers the Servant to be Israel – the People of God – or its faithful part. The second interpretation was called by the scholars an individual interpretation ac­cording to which the Servant is an individual. The third one is a mixed interpreta­tion. The Servant of Yahweh is a king who represents the nation. In this article we searched for an answer to the question who is the said Servant of Yahweh accor­ding to St. Jerome. Having analysed selected passages of St. Jerome’s commentary on the Servant Song it is not difficult to notice that the author of the Vulgate prefers the model of individual interpretation. More precisely, in his opinion the Servant of Yahweh is Jesus Christ whose suffering has a redeeming virtue.

scholarly journals TENSÕES E CONVERGÊNCIAS ENTRE A TEORIA DA AGENDA E AS CARACTERÍSTICAS CENTRAIS DA ‘CIÊNCIA DOS JORNAIS’

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Nascimento REIS ◽  
Thays Assunção REIS
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Media Agenda ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Public Agenda ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

O debate sobre a Teoria da Agenda (McCombs e Shaw) reconhece que a agenda midiática participa de maneira intensa na formação da agenda pública. Nesse contexto, o Jornalismo é o principal ator responsável pelos assuntos a serem discutidos pelo público no cotidiano. Um dos pressupostos apresentados pelos pesquisadores americanos é a necessidade de orientação das pessoas que as fazem recorrer ao noticiário. Este artigo, portanto, resgata antecedentes das pesquisas em Jornalismo, como as características centrais da ‘Ciência dos Jornais’ – periodicidade, universalidade, atualidade e publicidade – propostas por Otto Groth para verificar a pertinência do agendamento além da necessidade de orientação do público, englobando outras nuances do Jornalismo. O diálogo tenso e convergente constata o peso da produção jornalística para execução eficaz da Teoria da Agenda.Palavras-chaveJornalismo; Teoria da Agenda; Ciência dos Jornais; Otho Groth; McCombs e Shaw.AbstractThe debate of the Theory of Agenda (McCombs and Shaw) recognizes that the media agenda participates intensely in shaping the public agenda. In this context, journalism is the main actor responsible for the issues to be discussed by the public in daily. One of the assumptions made by American researchers is the need for guidance of the people that do resort to the news. This article, therefore, rescues history of research in journalism, as the central features of the 'Science of Newspapers' - periodicity, universality, topicality and advertising - proposed by Otto Groth to verify the relevance of the schedule beyond of the need for guidance of the public, encompassing other nuances of Journalism. The tense and convergent dialogue finds the weight of journalistic production for effective implementation of the Agenda Theory.KeywordsJournalism; Theory of Agenda; Science Newspapers; Otho Groth; McCombs e Shaw.

A Review of the History of the Kalenjin Bible Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Shadrack Chebet Rotich
Keyword(s):  
Research Paper ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The People ◽  
Written Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Impact

This paper is a review of the history of the Kalenjin bible translation in Kenya. History has proved that the word of God both in verbal and in written form has made a visible practical impact in the Kalenjin community in her whole spheres of life: spiritually, socially, intellectually, morally, and economically. Christianity is not to be hidden or made complicated rather it should be accessible and available to all people as Sim in 1999 points out that “Christianity is open to the translation of its scriptures” (p.130) for everyone to be able to read and understand. In order for us to know more about God, he purposefully revealed himself to us through the Holy Scriptures. The Kalenjin people are among the people of God, and they too want to relate and fellowship with God. Hence, we should have the scriptures in their language and more so their dialect.  This research paper was based on an interview from Pastor Edwin Suter, who is currently involved in Kalenjin Bible translation based in Eldoret (BTL). Therefore, in this paper, I will briefly explain about the Kalenjin people, an overview of the history of the translation of Kalenjin Bible, some factors necessitating translation, the impacts and finally conclude by giving some recommendations.

The Bible in The Church

1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
A. G. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Higher Criticism ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
Critical Investigation

The subject is the Bible, and its relation to the Church. Hence I shall not attempt to deal with the so-called Bible Difficulties, or with the Higher Criticism, or to develop a theory of Inspiration. I must try to give a line about the general interpretation of the Bible, as being God's Book and truly inspired, written in the Church and for the Church's use; and as written by men, because it has been God's method to reveal Himself through men. It was written by men, and tells a story which is real history; therefore we must have thorough critical investigation of the Bible. It is God's Book because it tells the story of God's saving Purpose, worked out in the history of the believing and worshipping People of God, Israel, His chosen nation. Because this story is true, we have nothing to fear from the Higher Criticism. If that Criticism has been at fault, as it often has been, it is because it has often failed to see the record, as it needs to be seen, from the point of view of believing and worshipping Israel.For the Church is the People of God, God's Israel. As such, it has existed not for some 1900 years only, but for more than 3000 years, since the day when the Lord God redeemed it out of Egypt and made His Covenant with it.

Innovation and Undecidability: Some Implications for theKoinoniaof the Anglican Church

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
People Of God ◽  
The People ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nicene Creed ◽  
The Church

ABSTRACTThe Anglican Church is now a worldwide communion and international Anglicanism is marked by a high degree of variety and significant tensions both at local and international levels. Dealing with diversity and conflict across the communion may be the most pressing issue facing Anglicanism in the twenty-first century. Certainly the needs of mission require a strong focus on local and regional concerns and the history of Anglicanism bears testimony to a strong emphasis on a contextual and incarnational approach to discipleship, worship and social engagement. For this reason the Anglican Church has always wrestled with the tension between its inherited identity and the demand for relevance in an expanding communion. Many of the tensions and unresolved conflicts that beset modern Anglicanism arise because of the astonishing capacity of the Church to develop new responses in new situations that result in practices that do not fit easily with the received tradition. These point to a fundamental fact of Christianity; its inherent creativity and capacity for innovation. But not all innovations are wise for the Church; many innovations generate further conflict and the people of God are often confused or puzzled about what innovations to adopt or reject, and how to facilitate either of these scenarios. Some examples in the history of Christianity include controversies over the date of Easter, the development of church order (for example, episcopacy), doctrinal developments (for example,homoousionof the Nicene Creed), and issues to do with slavery, marriage, divorce and, more recently, ordination of women. None of these ‘innovations’ were greeted with immediate consensus at the point of local adoption nor as the innovation became more widely known and assimilated into the life of the Church.From an ecclesial point of view the fact of innovation represents both a challenge to, and opportunity for an enhancedkoinoniain the gospel. Minimally this involves commitment to ongoing patient dialogue and face-to-face encounter as innovations are wrestled with, differences explored and conflicts faced. This article considers further the concepts of innovation and undecidability as critical issues underlying much of our current difficulties. The article then inquires as to their relevance and importance for thekoinoniaof the Anglican Communion.

scholarly journals Space as the Stage: Understanding the Sacred Landscape Around the Early Celtic Hillfort of the Glauberg

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-382
Author(s):  
Axel G. Posluschny ◽  
Ruth Beusing
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Area North ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

AbstractThe Early ‘Celtic’ hillfort of the Glauberg in Central Germany, some 40 km northeast of Frankfurt, is renowned for its richly furnished burials and particularly for a wholly preserved sandstone statue of an Early Iron Age chief, warrior or hero with a peculiar headgear – one of the earliest life-size figural representations north of the Alps. Despite a long history of research, the basis for the apparent prosperity of the place (i.e., of the people buried here) is still debated, as is the meaning of the settlement site as part of its surrounding landscape. The phenomenon known as ‘princely sites’ is paralleled in the area north and west of the Alps, though each site has a unique set of characteristics. This paper focusses on investigations and new excavations that put the Glauberg with its settlement, burial and ceremonial features into a wider landscape context, including remote sensing approaches (geophysics and LiDAR) as well as viewshed analyses which define the surrounding area based on the Glauberg itself and other burial mounds on the mountains in its vicinity.

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