Characterizing Rock Art Pigments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Chalmin ◽  
Jillian Huntley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Important Evidence

The materials used to make rock art contain important evidence about the cultural practices of the people who created it: their technologies, movements, and social interactions. The number of studies of archaeological pigments in the recent literature demonstrates how fruitful such enquiries can be. In this chapter, the authors discuss the physicochemical characterization of rock art pigments, outline the history of research in this area, differentiate key concepts and terminology, and describe principal methods. They conclude with illustrative case studies from France, South Africa, and Australia to demonstrate the kinds of archaeological information that can be preserved in rock art pigments.

Pericles and Dracontides

1964 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Free Status ◽  
Religious Nonconformity

In his discourse on the causes of the Peloponnesian War (Pericles 31–32), Plutarch devotes an inordinate time to what he calls ‘the worst charge [against Pericles], but that having the greatest number of supporters’. The elements of this charge may be outlined briefly:1. Pheidias was indicted for embezzling the precious materials used in the construction of the great statue of Athena Parthenos. The informer was a certain Menon, a fellow workman, who was subsequently given immunity and tax-free status by a decree of the assembly proposed by Glycon.2. At the same time, Pericles' consort Aspasia was indicted and his friend and teacher Anaxagoras was attacked indirectly through a law against religious nonconformity brought by Diopeithes.3. While the people were still in this mood, Dracontides had a decree passed, requiring that Pericles' accounts be deposited with the council and that the dicasts try any resulting cases on the acropolis with ballots specially sanctified at the altar. This last clause was stricken from the bill by Hagnon, who specified that any resulting suits were to be tried by a jury of 1,500.4. Because of all these attacks, Pericles resolved to start the war, using the Megarian decree as provocation.Plutarch reports here the popular fancy—that Pericles started a foreign war to avoid domestic embarrassments. The development of this tradition is a well-known chapter in the history of Greek literature, but as it is fundamental to this discussion, a brief review is called for.

Translation Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-179
Author(s):  
Hans Ausloos
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
History Of

The Septuagint translators did not make use of handbooks nor could they rely on editorial guidelines when translating the books of the Hebrew Bible. Yet every translator undoubtedly had his own typical methods and practices that diverged from those of others. These methods and practices constitute the translator’s ‘translation techniques’. The present chapter presents the difficulties and challenges in exploring and describing the translation techniques of the Septuagint translators. After a brief survey of the history of research, the question of the characterization of translation technique is dealt with, distinguishing particularly between quantitative and qualitative criteria.

The Second Life of Judaism: A History of Religious Community and Practice in Virtual Spaces

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-260
Author(s):  
Julian Voloj ◽  
Anthony Bak Buccitelli
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Cultures

This chapter talks about San Francisco-based company Linden Lab who launched Second Life (SL), which is described as an online digital world that is built, shaped, and owned by its participants. It discloses how SL was seen as the next big internet phenomenon and was the focus of attention by investors and media alike for a short period of time. It also explains SL's complex relationship with 'real life', which is defined both by the encoded parameters of the virtual space and by the social and cultural practices of the people who use the platform. The chapter discusses SL as a broad platform that encompassed many cultural constructions and developed a rich and diverse set of religious cultures. It recounts how dozens of Jewish sites across the grid emerged and were created both by individual users and by offline institutions that established SL presences.

Intangible Cultural Heritage in a Modernizing Bhutan: The Question of Remaining Viable and Dynamic

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Lees
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Gross National Happiness ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Cloth Production ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis article considers the measures being taken in Bhutan to support the cultural practices and traditions of weaving as Bhutan rapidly moves to modernize. Woven cloth is one of a number of artisan practices in Bhutan that contribute to a unique body of intangible cultural heritage, and a distinctive and instantly recognizable Bhutanese identity. Cloth and cloth production have come to have significant influence on the cultural, socioeconomic and political, as well as the ceremonial and religious life of the people of Bhutan. However with modernization and an increasingly global outlook, many socioeconomic transformations are taking place, challenging traditional cultural practices to remain relevant and viable to younger generations. Bhutan offers a unique case study as a country engaging only relatively recently with globalization after a long history of cultural isolation. Bhutan also offers up a unique policy response to modernization, its Gross National Happiness (GNH) measure, which attempts to embody a strong social, cultural, and environmental imperative within the development process. This article will analyze the various measures taking place to maintain cultural identity and cultural practices within the context of development policy and practice, and will link this discussion to measures and approaches taking place at an international level by agencies such as UNESCO.

Design Analytics: Capturing, Understanding, and Meeting Customer Needs Using Big Data

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Van Horn ◽  
Andrew Olewnik ◽  
Kemper Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultimate Result ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Illustrative Case Study

The evolution of design thinking has seen numerous challenges and advances in transforming information into knowledge for engineers to design systems, products, and processes. These transformations occur in three stages throughout a design process. In simple form, the early, middle, and late stages of a design process serve to develop an understanding of the customer’s needs, arrive at the final concept of the design, and analyze and support the performance and usage profile of the deployed product, respectively. The quality and accuracy of the input information and the effectiveness of each transformation determine the success or failure of the product. Capturing good information and converting it to knowledge are two important tasks that have motivated a long history of research in design processes and tools. In this paper, we propose Design Analytics (DA) as a new paradigm for significantly enhancing the core information-to-knowledge transformations. The overall aim is to capture, store, and leverage digital information about artifacts, their performance, and their usage. The information is transformed into knowledge in each of the three stages using various analytics and cyber-enabled tools such as design repositories and concept generators. The ultimate result is better performing and functioning products. As web analytics has transformed how companies interact with consumers on the internet, we expect DA to transform how companies design products with and for consumers. An illustrative case study is performed to demonstrate some of the foundations of DA in the redesign of a refrigerator.

scholarly journals Making Sovereignty Mean Something: Native Nations and Creative Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Michelle Watts
Keyword(s):  
Alaska Native ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Indian Gaming ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Tools ◽  
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act

Scholarship regarding Native Nations has often focused on the problems of Native Nations caused by a brutal history of genocide, repression and forced assimilation. Relatively little attention has been paid to how Native Nations creatively adapt to their circumstances in a continual process of reinvention. This article provides insights into Native Nations through examples in the lower 48 states and Alaska. This study, based on 16 interviews the author conducted with Native Nations leaders in Alaska and the lower 48 states, demonstrates how Native Nations adapt to their unique circumstances to make sovereignty meaningful, because of and in spite of federal legislation that seeks to govern Nation Nations. Ultimately, I argue that many Native Nations today are purposefully modernizing by creatively adapting to their circumstances, transforming systems of governance, and leveraging economic tools, integrating their own evolving cultural practices. While modernization implies following a Western developmental path, purposeful modernization is driven by the choices of the people. While change was forced upon Native Nations in numerous, often devastating, ways since colonization, they have nevertheless asserted agency and formed governments and economic institutions that reflect and reinforce their own cultural norms. This article highlights examples of how Native Nations and the lower 48 have adapted given the very different circumstances created in part by state and federal policies such as the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) and Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA).

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF CLAY MATERIALS USED FOR POTTERY PURPOSES FROM RENDENG, MALO, BOJONEGORO

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Dyah Setyaningrum ◽  
Sujiat Sujiat ◽  
Aprilia Nur Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Clay material from Rendeng, Malo, Bojonegoro was studied by mineralogy and physicochemical characterization to evaluate its potential suitability as a raw material in pottery application. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were used to establish the mineralogy composition. Meanwhile the physical properties were identified by particle size distribution and consistency limits. Chemical composition was carried out by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF).  The results of XRD characterization revealed that clay from Rendeng Village, Malo, Bojonegoro contained  kaolin, quartz, and feldspar. Physical characterization shows that clay material is a less plastic type based on Atterberg method. Based on the chemical compositions indicated that SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3 were abundance oxides. Therefore, clay from Desa Rendeng was only suitable for the pottery purposes because most of its mineral compositions did not meet the quality requirements for making advanced ceramics.

scholarly journals TENSÕES E CONVERGÊNCIAS ENTRE A TEORIA DA AGENDA E AS CARACTERÍSTICAS CENTRAIS DA ‘CIÊNCIA DOS JORNAIS’

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Nascimento REIS ◽  
Thays Assunção REIS
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Media Agenda ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Public Agenda ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

O debate sobre a Teoria da Agenda (McCombs e Shaw) reconhece que a agenda midiática participa de maneira intensa na formação da agenda pública. Nesse contexto, o Jornalismo é o principal ator responsável pelos assuntos a serem discutidos pelo público no cotidiano. Um dos pressupostos apresentados pelos pesquisadores americanos é a necessidade de orientação das pessoas que as fazem recorrer ao noticiário. Este artigo, portanto, resgata antecedentes das pesquisas em Jornalismo, como as características centrais da ‘Ciência dos Jornais’ – periodicidade, universalidade, atualidade e publicidade – propostas por Otto Groth para verificar a pertinência do agendamento além da necessidade de orientação do público, englobando outras nuances do Jornalismo. O diálogo tenso e convergente constata o peso da produção jornalística para execução eficaz da Teoria da Agenda.Palavras-chaveJornalismo; Teoria da Agenda; Ciência dos Jornais; Otho Groth; McCombs e Shaw.AbstractThe debate of the Theory of Agenda (McCombs and Shaw) recognizes that the media agenda participates intensely in shaping the public agenda. In this context, journalism is the main actor responsible for the issues to be discussed by the public in daily. One of the assumptions made by American researchers is the need for guidance of the people that do resort to the news. This article, therefore, rescues history of research in journalism, as the central features of the 'Science of Newspapers' - periodicity, universality, topicality and advertising - proposed by Otto Groth to verify the relevance of the schedule beyond of the need for guidance of the public, encompassing other nuances of Journalism. The tense and convergent dialogue finds the weight of journalistic production for effective implementation of the Agenda Theory.KeywordsJournalism; Theory of Agenda; Science Newspapers; Otho Groth; McCombs e Shaw.

scholarly journals Characterizing the pigments and paints of prehistoric artists

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Domingo ◽  
Annalisa Chieli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Critical Overview

AbstractThis paper offers a broad and critical overview of current discussions on the potential uses and the characterization of pigments in prehistory, with a special focus on prehistoric rock art. Today, analytical approaches to pigments and paints allow us to go beyond the identification of the elemental and molecular composition of these archaeological remains, to explore also raw material procurement, transformation and use strategies of interest to investigate the technological and socio-cultural practices of prehistoric artists and their change over space and time. The paper also summarizes the palette of prehistoric artists, as well as the techniques and analytical strategies used to date to characterize prehistoric pigments and paints (colours, raw materials, binders and recipes) used in prehistoric rock art.

The Rock Art of Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Loïc Le Quellec
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Art Research

This chapter presents key dimensions of sub-Saharan African rock art (pictograms and petroglyphs). Particular attention is paid to recent approaches, the application of physico-chemical analyses, and stylistic determinations used to establish reliable chronologies. Stylistic approaches have been particularly influential in the interpretation of rock imagery, as has the identification of specific motifs (such as loincloths and aprons) that serve to indicate ritual and initiatory roles, particularly for women. The preservation of rock art and access to sites are topics of renewed concern that tend to increasingly involve local communities. In sub-Saharan Africa as in other parts of the world, rock art research is well poised to build on a long history of research, and to benefit from new techniques such as digital enhancement that are likely to considerably improve knowledge and increase the known corpus of art.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document