The politics of Conservative reform: the equal pay for equal work issue, 1945–1955

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
Equal Work ◽  
Near Future

AbstractAlthough Conservative M.P.s were instrumental in defeating equal pay proposals in parliament in 1936 and 1944, it was a Conservative government which in 1954 decided to proceed with equal pay for female civil servants. Previous explanations for this reversal of traditional Conservative policy have focused on the need to increase the supply of female applicants for civil service positions, and the equal pay campaigns by white–collar unions and by the feminist Equal Pay Campaign Committee. Drawing upon previously unused sources, including P.R.O.files, this article offers a more overtly political explanation.Within four weeks after the Labour party announced in January 1954 that it would ‘immediately’ implement equal pay when the next Labour government was formed, R. A. Butler, the chancellor of the exchequer, informed his treasury advisers that he wished to proceed with equal pay. With a general election looming in the near future, and believing themselves engaged in a close race with the Labour party, the cabinet reluctantly endorsed reform, fearing that a failure to act might tip sufficient female voters toward Labour to determine the outcome of a close election.

Determinants of white collar income: An evaluation of equal pay for equal work

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P Bridges ◽  
Richard A Berk
Keyword(s):  
White Collar ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Equal Work

Providing and Taking the Opportunity: Women Civil Servants and Feminist Periodical Culture in Interwar Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Glew
Keyword(s):  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
National Association ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
World War ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Second World ◽  
Interwar Britain

Opportunity was the publication of the Federation of Women Civil Servants (later the National Association of Women Civil Servants), an organisation which campaigned for equal pay, equal opportunity and an end to the marriage bar in the British civil service. Opportunity tried to negotiate two purposes: to place the organisation at the centre of interwar feminism and debates on women in public life, and to be a space of community and education for its membership. In the 1930s, Opportunity was increasingly at odds with a significant segment of membership which saw less of a need for the publication in its current format, and the chapter discusses the ways in which editors and writers negotiated these discussions. Eventually, it was the evacuation of women civil servants to various locations around the country during the Second World War, rising wartime costs, and shortages of resources, which ended the publication of Opportunity.

The market form in United Kingdom education

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Stephen Ball
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
Margaret Thatcher ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Briefing Paper ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Uk

Education in the UK is awash with policy. Since the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher introduced the Education Reform Act of 1988, all levels and aspects of education have been subject to a constant deluge of reform and change. The Labour government have made their own contribution to this policy onslaught. At the 1998 Labour Party Annual Conference a briefing paper for delegates - Pledges into Action: Education and Employment, (Labour Party Policy Unit) listed 47 education-related policies, initiatives and funding decisions announced since the 1997 election victory. There have been many more since.

Evolution of public administration in the post-Soviet. Turkmenistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
ALYM K. ANNAMURADOV ◽  
◽  
OVEZDURDY B. MUKHAMMETBERDIEV ◽  
MURAD O. HAITOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Independent States ◽  
World Class ◽  
New Independent States

The article examines the formation of the statehood of modern Turkmenistan through the prism of historical changes that have occurred in the post-Soviet countries. It is noted that after 1991 all former republics of the USSR built new independent states on a fundamentally different basis – interaction between government and society. The authors emphasize that the establishment of trust between the state as an institution and citizens is possible under certain conditions, among which a special place is occupied by a clear organization of civil service and the professionalism of civil servants. The measures that have already been implemented and are being taken by the leadership of Turkmenistan at the present time to solve these problems are considered. It is noted that Turkmenistan acts within the framework and in accordance with the key world-class standards regarding the requirements for the organization of civil service. The measures taken in the country to combat corruption are analyzed.

scholarly journals The Independent Labour Party and Planning, 1920–26

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Bank Of England ◽  
Policy Statements

The failure of the ILP to convince a Labour opposition, and then a Labour government after 1929, to abandon its view that banking and politics were quite separate fields of activity is well-known. Politicians were not bankers: it was as simple as that. Ramsay MacDonald, though not averse to political programmes as such, was certainly suspicious of “unauthorised” programmes. In a veiled but unmistakable reference to ILP policy statements, he told the 1927 Labour Party conference that“authorised programmes might have a certain number of inconveniences, but unauthorised programmes had many more inconveniences, and he was not at all sure that during the last twelve months or two years the Labour Party had not suffered more from unauthorised programmes and statements than it had suffered from the issue of well-considered and well-thought-out documents and pronouncements.”Philip Snowden was much more explicit. Unlike Sir Montagu Norman, Governor of the Bank of England, Snowden did recognise a causal relationship between changes in the availability of credit and changes in the levels of production and employment, but thought that this was a relationship which politicians should not interfere with. Control of credit held within it the possibility of inflation. “It might be highly dangerous”, Snowden warned the 1928 Labour Party conference, “in the hands of a Government that wanted to use this means in order to serve some purpose, or to gain popular support.” One might achieve temporary benefits, such as the reduction of unemployment from one and a quarter million to a quarter of a million in nine months, but there would be a terrible price to pay later – all the more terrible because unspecified.

THE LABOUR PARTY AND THE PARLIAMENTARY CAMPAIGN TO ABOLISH THE MILITARY DEATH PENALTY, 1919–1930

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN McHUGH
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Military

This is a study of a successful parliamentary campaign led throughout the 1920s by a small group of backbench Labour MPs aimed at abolishing the military death penalty for the offences of cowardice and desertion. It was sustained in the face of opposition from the military establishment, the Conservatives, and finally the House of Lords. The campaigners used the opportunity afforded by the requirement on government to pass, annually, an Army Bill, to challenge the military establishment's insistence that a capital penalty was essential to the maintenance of army discipline. Despite the unwillingness of the 1924 Labour government to confront the military on this issue, the reformers persevered, securing some minor, incremental reform before the coming of the second Labour government in 1929. The new government was prevailed upon by backbench pressure to authorize a free vote in the Commons which approved the abolition of the capital penalty for cowardice and desertion in the Army Act of 1930.

Careers in the Dutch civil service: a gender perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Groeneveld
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses upon gender differences in the satisfaction with career opportunities of civil servants in the Netherlands. Women have become better represented at all levels in the Dutch civil service in recent years, but they are still underrepresented in the higher level positions. Nevertheless, women are slightly more satisfied with their career opportunities than men are and they seem to be increasingly so. Their relatively positive evaluation of extrinsic aspects of their work situation is one of the explanations of this finding, as is their higher intrinsic work motivation compared to that of men. It is suggested that the career orientations and aspirations of women better fit the changing context of career formation in the Dutch civil service and the accompanying new psychological contract. Points for practitioners The Dutch civil service has set ambitious targets with respect to the representation of women at all levels in the service, but insight into the determinants of women’s careers in the public sector is still very scarce. The findings in this article show that there are gender differences in the weighting of intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the work in evaluating one’s career opportunities. Besides, the article may assist human resource management practitioners in anticipating the impact of changing career trajectories on the career satisfaction of male and female civil servants.

Sentiment and Prejudice

2021 ◽  
pp. 799-832
Author(s):  
Cléo Chassonnery-Zaïgouche ◽  
Annie L. Cot
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
British Association ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Equal Work ◽  
Economic Journal

This article describes the evolution of Edgeworth’s thought on women’s wages and on the principle of “equal pay for equal work.” We first document Edgeworth’s early works on “exact utilitarianism” as an epistemic basis for his reflections upon women’s wages. Second, we review his first writings on women’s work and wages: early mentions in the 1870s, his book reviews published in the Economic Journal, and the substantial preface he wrote for the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1904 report on Women in Printing Trades. Third, we document his 1922 British Association presidential address in relation to the burgeoning literature on women’s work and wages within political economy at the time. Finally, we show that his 1923 follow-up article on women’s wages and economic welfare constitutes an update of his “aristocratical utilitarianism” in the post–World War I context.

Official discipline of civil servants: legal framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 434-442
Author(s):  
A.Ya. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Russian Federation

On the basis of the analysis of Art. 11 of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of July 27, 2004 No. 79-FZ “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation” and judicial practice, topical legal issues of the official discipline of State civil servants are considered.

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