Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-415
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
European Economic ◽  
World Demand ◽  
The Face ◽  
Investment Boom ◽  
The Cost

The ninth annual report of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), entitled A Decade of Cooperation, Achievements and Perspectives?, was made public in April 1958. It included a summary of the origins of OEEC and reviewed the ten years of its history, considering such topics as the recovery and expansion of output, expanding exports and freeing trade, the creation of the European Payments Union and its activities, the fight against inflation, and cooperation in various fields of economic activity. It devoted a section to present and future tasks, noting that finding the means for maintaining adequate expansion along with financial stability was a major problem. The report stated that in recent months there had been signs, with one or two important exceptions, that the pressure on prices had slackened; raw material prices had fallen, and the price rise for manufacturing products had been checked. After reaching record levels, the pace of industrial expansion in western Europe had been considerably reduced as the investment boom tapered off; there had been no increase in total industrial production in member countries combined since spring 1957. A fall in many primary commodity prices, due largely to a continued upward trend in output of primary commodities in the face of a levelling off of world demand had reduced the purchasing power of third countries and eventually would tend to reduce their purchases from member countries. The present economic situation, therefore, had conflicting tendencies, making it difficult to establish firm lines of policy; demand pressures had eased, but the rise of the cost of living had not clearly been checked.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Potential Problems

The meeting of the Council of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation at Paris on October 6 and 7, 1950 had before it a memorandum submitted by the Secretary-General of the organization (Marjolin) concerned chiefly with the economic problems arising from the new international situation and the threat of inflation as a result of the western rearmament effort. The Secretary-General strongly emphasized collective action by member governments rather than on individual solutions to check inflation before it gathered greater momentum. The Council, using the memorandum as a basis, made decisions on the following present and potential problems: international financial stability, investments, raw material shortages, electrical energy, manpower, trade and payments.

ASYMMETRIC INTERDEPENDENCE AS A BASIS FOR FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477-1488
Author(s):  
R.V. Ozarnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
The Face ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of financial and economic cooperation between countries at the present stage, as well as the features of financial and economic relations diversification in order to reduce the asymmetric interdependence of countries in the face of increasing global imbalances, increased volatility of world financial markets, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of this research is economic relations arising in the process of interaction between countries both on a bilateral basis and in a multilateral format. The paper deals with Russian-Chinese cooperation. On the one hand, the complementarity of the basic sectors of the economy of the two countries objectively contributes to increasing cooperation and trade. On the other hand, the asymmetric interdependence of Russia and its foreign trade partners, in particular China, contributes to the conservation of an archaic trade model based on Russian raw material export and Chinese manufacturing products. Methods for diversifying financial and economic relations are proposed, consisting in expanding the flows of foreign direct investment, using and developing technical and innovative progress, reducing transaction costs, trade and investment barriers, deepening Russian-Chinese cooperation within the BRICS, SCO and other organizations and expanding the scope of using national currencies in mutual settlements. The research is based on general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphic interpretation of statistical information, time series. On the basis of the study, the author concluded that diversification of financial and economic relations helps to reduce the asymmetric interdependence of countries at the present stage. The novelty of the article lies in the substantiation of the phenomenon of asymmetric interdependence as a method for studying the problems and trends of financial and economic cooperation between countries, highlighting the drivers of diversification, which allows reducing asymmetric interdependence. On the basis of a comparative statistical analysis, the tendency of reorientation of Russia’s foreign economic activity towards Asian markets, in particular, the PRC market, has been confirmed.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-346
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
Total Production ◽  
International Investments ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Inflationary Pressure ◽  
United States Economy

In February 1950 the annual report of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation was presented to the United States Economic Cooperation Administration. The report stated that future progress of European recovery would depend to a large extent upon the level of economic activity in the United States, upon United States tariff policy; and upon international investments made by the United States. The forecasts of European trade were based on the assumption that United States business activity would remain at least as high as in the second and third quarter of 1949; it was pointed out that even small setbacks in the United States economy would have disproportionately large consequences for western Europe whose reserves were not great enough to stand much strain. The report insisted that what remained to be done to solve the dollar problem was not a task for Europe alone but was rather a “joint problem.” Western Europe's dollar deficit could not be eliminated unless its exports to the United States amounted to 75 percent of its imports in value. It was necessary that the emphasis shift from the expansion of total production to the development of dollar earning and dollar saving types of production, as well as a reduction in costs. Inflationary pressure had been greatly relieved but nearly all the Marshall Plan countries were still suffering from some inflationary pressure which tended to reduce their exports and increase their imports. This pressure was likely to continue unless a world depression developed.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
European Production

A summary of its activities in 1950 was released by the Organization for European Economic Cooperation in January 1951. During the first two years of its establishment, the report stated, OEEC had been essentially an instrument for the distribution of United States aid but then became increasingly an instrument of cooperation for the solution of European economic problems. In two years, European production had been restored, trade had almost entirely recovered and international financial stability was achieved. The establishment of a European Payments Union was considered one of the main achievements of OEEC during 1950.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Home Market ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The Council of Ministers of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) convening in Paris under the chairmanship of Mr. Macmillan (Chancellor of the Exchequer, United Kingdom) received the report of a Ministerial Working Party of OEEC on November 15, 1956 which discussed the economic situation in member countries. The report noted the prosperity in western Europe, yet stressed the threats to it due to events in the middle east and interruption of traffic in the Suez. Besides a shortage of oil, the report noted a shortage of coal. It also stressed three weak points in the economy of western Europe: 1) the slowing down of the expansion of production; 2) the rise of prices; and 3) the imbalance in intra-European payments. It explained that the increase in production had fallen off due to a shortage of available labor; the rise in prices was due to excessive demand and increasing wages. The report called for serious fiscal measures, such as an increase in taxes, a reduction of subsidies to consumption and a cutting down of public expenditures. These measures could be supplemented by governmental action designed to increase competition in the home market and to enhance the free movement of workers in order to alleviate the man-power shortage.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-560
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Monetary Stability ◽  
Self Help ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Recovery Program

The sixteen nations of western Europe participating in the Economic Recovery Program signed on April 16, 1948, a convention formally establishing the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, providing machinery for the handling of European aid, and including a legally binding contract for self-help to supplement and eventually eliminate the need for outside aid. The principal aim of the organization was stated as the speedy establishment of sound economic conditions, without outside assistance, so as to make a full contribution to world economic stability. The sixteen governments and the western zones of Germany pledged their efforts to a maximum exchange of goods, lower tariff barriers, work towards a customs union, achievement and maintenance of financial and monetary stability, and the best use of their manpower.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-821
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Effective Use

The Council of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, meeting on August 29, 1951 issued a declaration at the close of the meeting stating that the broad objectives of the OEEC policies would be to expand total production in western Europe by 25 percent over the next five years. By this increase in production, an improvement in living standards and further social progress could be achieved while meeting defense requirements. “Conditions from country to country may vary, but an expansion of this size is well within the power of the European economy as a whole through the effective use of its resources… Europe possesses great national resources, a large industrial potential, a skilled and ample labor force, and a capacity to achieve rapid technical progress. The full mobilization of these resources requires foresight, resolution, a cooperative effort, and the pursuit of policies based on social justice. The governments are convinced that such policies are essential in order to preserve the gains already made and to realize continued progress. Social justice demands a distribution of burdens and benefits that will promote the well-being of the less favored sections of the community.”

US Views on 1992

1990 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Stephen Woolcock
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Political Support ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Consistent Support

North American, and in particular US views of 1992 must be seen in the broad political context of transatlantic relations. The US has shown consistent support for the idea of European integration. Initially this took the form of linking Marshall aid to greater European economic cooperation, then organised by the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC). There was also strong political support for Monnet's supranational approach to European integration as a means of helping to bring about Franco-German reconciliation and to stabilise Europe. In the early days of European integration there were strategic and political reasons for American concerns to see a stronger (Western) Europe. The possible adverse effects of economic integration for the US were seen as more than manageable, given the strength of the US economy in relation to those of the European countries. With the promise of enhanced markets for US exports and US production the creation of the EEC was seen as being trade creating rather than trade diverting.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
General Situation ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Current Economic Situation

Sixth Annual ReportThe sixth annual report of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), subtitled “From Recovery towards Economic Strength”, stated that the period of recovery, begun in 1948 under the Marshall Plan, had been completed and that “the task which Western Europe now faces is to build a better economy than that existing before the war”. The current economic situation of the OEEC members was felt to be on the whole very sound; it was stated that “no previous annual report of the OEEC could describe so favourable a general situation”.

Polen: Flüchtlingsnotstand – aber wo sind die Flüchtlinge?

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (140) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
Helmut Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Emergency Measures

Poland accepted the alien and asylum policy of the European Union. But what does it mean, in the face of the fact that most of the refugees don´t want to sojourn a lot of time in Poland, but want to join their families or friends in Western Europe? How the transfer of policies does work, if the local conditions are quite different than in Germany or France? The answer seems to be the dramatization of the refugee situation in Poland, especially the adoption of emergency measures towards refugees of Chechnya.

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