scholarly journals The Enemy of My Enemy: When Firms Support Climate Change Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-221
Author(s):  
Amanda Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
Differential Costs ◽  
Export Competition

AbstractPolicies to mitigate global climate change entail significant economic costs. Yet a growing number of firms lobby in favor of regulation to mitigate carbon emissions. Why do firms support environmental regulations that directly increase production costs? This question is all the more puzzling in a globalized economy where regulation may undermine the competitiveness of domestic firms at home and abroad. By imposing differential costs on participants in the domestic market, policies designed to mitigate carbon emissions shift market share toward firms with low anticipated adjustment costs. I develop and test a model of climate change policymaking in the presence of market competition and open borders. Heterogeneity in adjustment costs induces a preference for regulation among low-cost firms. Firms facing import pressure—or export competition—may prefer stringent regulation if costs are sufficiently asymmetric. Firms embedded in global value chains also benefit if regulation raises the costs of domestically produced intermediate goods.

scholarly journals Carbon Emissions of Hotels: The Case of the Sri Lankan Hotel Industry

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udara Willhelm Abeydeera ◽  
Karunasena
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

The need to mitigate climate change has become a major global concern, and greenhouse gas emissions are a major cause of global climate change. Therefore, the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions has been well recognized by global researchers, policymakers and academics. Carbon emissions of hotel operations have seized the attention of global researchers. However, carbon emissions of the hotels in developing countries remain to be a less explored domain. Therefore, carbon emissions of Sri Lankan hotels were explored using a case study approach. Five hotels in the Colombo suburb were explored, which revealed that each hotel released more than 7000 tons of carbon annually. Results further indicated the use of purchased electricity as the dominant source of carbon emissions. Emissions caused by transport activities were not included in the calculations due to the unavailability of data. Recommendations were made to overcome the issues identified during data collection as well as to reduce the carbon emissions from hotel operations. Wider adoption of the methodology used in this research will benefit the hotels to keep track of the carbon emissions using a systematic approach.

Economics of Low Carbon Agriculture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Moran ◽  
Jorie Knook
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Global Food Security

Climate change is already having a significant impact on agriculture through greater weather variability and the increasing frequency of extreme events. International policy is rightly focused on adapting and transforming agricultural and food production systems to reduce vulnerability. But agriculture also has a role in terms of climate change mitigation. The agricultural sector accounts for approximately a third of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, including related emissions from land-use change and deforestation. Farmers and land managers have a significant role to play because emissions reduction measures can be taken to increase soil carbon sequestration, manage fertilizer application, and improve ruminant nutrition and waste. There is also potential to improve overall productivity in some systems, thereby reducing emissions per unit of product. The global significance of such actions should not be underestimated. Existing research shows that some of these measures are low cost relative to the costs of reducing emissions in other sectors such as energy or heavy industry. Some measures are apparently cost-negative or win–win, in that they have the potential to reduce emissions and save production costs. However, the mitigation potential is also hindered by the biophysical complexity of agricultural systems and institutional and behavioral barriers limiting the adoption of these measures in developed and developing countries. This includes formal agreement on how agricultural mitigation should be treated in national obligations, commitments or targets, and the nature of policy incentives that can be deployed in different farming systems and along food chains beyond the farm gate. These challenges also overlap growing concern about global food security, which highlights additional stressors, including demographic change, natural resource scarcity, and economic convergence in consumption preferences, particularly for livestock products. The focus on reducing emissions through modified food consumption and reduced waste is a recent agenda that is proving more controversial than dealing with emissions related to production.

Prospects for global climate governance in 2018

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Global Carbon

Subject The prospects for global climate governance in 2018. Significance The 2017 UN COP23 Climate Change Conference, chaired by Fiji, ended in the shadow of news that 2017 is expected to see a 2% rise in global carbon emissions. After three years of roughly stable emissions, this estimated increase magnifies the challenge of making the sharp emission reductions needed to meet the Paris Agreement’s goal of keeping global warming to below 2 degrees centigrade above preindustrial levels, even as the renewable energy sector grows and electric vehicle technology makes further progress.

Black carbon emission reduction strategies in healthcare industry for effective global climate change management

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Mmbando Raila ◽  
David O Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Waste ◽  
New Research

Climate change remains one of the biggest threats to life on earth to date with black carbon (BC) emissions or smoke being the strongest cause after carbon dioxide (CO2). Surprisingly, scientific evidence about black carbon emissions reduction in healthcare settings is sparse. This paper presents new research findings on the reduction of black carbon emissions from an observational study conducted at the UN Peacekeeping Operations (MINUSTAH) in Haiti in 2014. Researchers observed 20 incineration cycles, 30 minutes for each cycle of plastic and cardboard sharps healthcare waste (HCW) containers ranged from 3 to 14.6 kg. The primary aim was to determine if black carbon emissions from healthcare waste incineration can be lowered by mainstreaming the use of cardboard sharps healthcare waste containers instead of plastic sharps healthcare waste containers. Similarly, the study looks into whether burning temperature was associated with the smoke levels for each case or not. Independent samples t-tests demonstrated significantly lower black carbon emissions during the incineration of cardboard sharps containers (6.81 ± 4.79% smoke) than in plastic containers (17.77 ± 8.38% smoke); a statistically significant increase of 10.96% smoke (95% Confidence Interval ( CI) [4.4 to 17.5% smoke], p = 0.003). Correspondingly, lower bottom burner temperatures occurred during the incineration of cardboard sharps containers than in plastic (95% Cl [16 to 126°C], p = 0.014). Finally, we expect the application of the new quantitative evidence to form the basis for policy formulation, mainstream the use of cardboard sharps containers and opt for non-incineration disposal technologies as urgent steps for going green in healthcare waste management.

scholarly journals Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon: Menguji Peranan Tipe Industri, Kinerja Lingkungan, Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Komite Audit

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Nur Widhya Tyas Saptiwi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Business World ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Industry Type

Discourse on climate change and global warming in the last few decades has caused unrest among people and business world around the world. One reason is the uncontrolled disposal of carbon emissions. The efforts of each country to increase economic growth through the industrialization of turub worsen the global climate. Therefore, a global movement is needed to anticipate climate change that can threaten the survival of humanity. This study aims to examine the effect of industry type, environmental performance, company characteristics (profitability, leverage, company size) and audit committee on the disclosure of carbon emissions in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2012-2016. Samples were taken using purposive sampling techniques and produced 117 companies that can be used for hypothesis testing. Regression analysis results show that environmental performance, company size and audit committee have a positive effect on disclosure of carbon emissions. Meanwhile, industry type and profitability negatively affect the disclosure of carbon emissions, while leverage does not affect the disclosure of carbon emissions. Abstrak Wacana tentang perubahan iklim dan pemanasan global dalam beberapa dekade terakhir telah menimbulkan kegelisahan dikalangan masyarakat dan dunis bisnis di seluruh dunia. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah pembuangan emisi karbon yang tidak terkendali. Upaya tiap-tiap negara untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui industrialisasi turub memperburuk iklim global. Karena itu, perlu gerakan global untuk mengantisipasi perubahan iklim yang dapat mengancam kelangsungan umat manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh tipe industri, kinerja lingkungan, karakteristik perusahaan (profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan) dan komite audit terhadap pengungkapan emisi karbon pada perusahaan-perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode tahun 2012-2016. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling dan menghasilkan 117 perusahaan yang dapat digunakan untuk pengujian hipotesis. Analisis regresi menunjukkan kinerja lingkungan, ukuran perusahaan dan komite audit berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan emisi karbon. Tipe industri dan profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap pengungkapan emisi karbon. Sedangkan leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan emisi karbon.

scholarly journals Social Science Perspectives on Drivers of and Responses to Global Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jorgenson ◽  
Shirley Fiske ◽  
Klaus Hubacek ◽  
Tom McGovern ◽  
Torben Rick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Anthropogenic Drivers

This article provides a review of recent anthropological, archaeological, geographical, and sociological research on anthropogenic drivers of climate change, with a particular focus on drivers of carbon emissions, mitigation and adaptation. The four disciplines emphasize cultural, economic, geographic, historical, political, and social-structural factors to be important drivers of and responses to climate change. Each of these disciplines has unique perspectives and makes noteworthy contributions to our shared understanding of anthropogenic drivers, but they also complement one another and contribute to integrated, multidisciplinary frameworks. The article begins with discussions of research on temporal dimensions of human drivers of carbon emissions, highlighting interactions between long-term and near-term drivers. Next, descriptions of the disciplines’ contributions to the understanding of mitigation and adaptation are provided. It concludes with a summary of key lessons offered by the four disciplines as well as suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals The Economic Theory Behind the Global Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
M. Zharikov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The World ◽  
Vocal Minority ◽  
Main Ideas

This article touches on several polarising subjects in the world environmental crisis. The author attempts to classify the main ideas that can have the same venomous level of disagreements, such as the issue of climate change or global warming. The argument is supported by a healthy majority of people who work in the field with a vocal minority of dissenters as well. The article starts with models about economic growth and the energy industry and how those interact to produce carbon emissions. The author tries to analyse models of how carbon emissions affect climate. Finally, the article outlays the models of how climate affects economic output and health projecting into the future. The research concludes by adding some additional models of how policy changes might affect all of this.

scholarly journals Prediction of direct carbon emissions of Chinese provinces using artificial neural networks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0236685
Author(s):  
Hui Jin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Elman Neural Network

Closely connected to human carbon emissions, global climate change is affecting regional economic and social development, natural ecological environment, food security, water supply, and many other social aspects. In a word, climate change has become a vital issue of general concern in the current society. In this study, the carbon emission data of Chinese provinces in 1999–2019 are collected and analyzed, so as to identify the carbon emission of direct consumption per 10,000 residents in each province (including each municipal city and autonomous region) and the entire nation based on population data. The Arc Geographic Information Science Engine (ArcGIS Engine) and C#.NET platform are employed to call the MATLAB neural network toolbox. A model is selected and embedded in the prediction system to develop the entire system. This study demonstrates that the carbon emissions per resident in Northern China are significantly higher than those in Southern China, with the rate of carbon emissions continuing to increase over time. Compared with other models, the Elman neural network has a higher carbon emission prediction accuracy, but with more minor errors. For instance, its accuracy and prediction performance are improved by 55.93% and 19.48%, respectively, compared with the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN). The prediction results show that China is expected to reach its peak carbon emission in around 2025–2030. The above results are acquired based on the concept of carbon emissions and neural network model theories, supported by GIS component technology and intelligent methods. The feasibility of BPNN, Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Elman neural network models for predicting residential carbon emissions is analyzed. This study also designs a comprehensive, integrated and extensible visual intelligent platform, which is easy to implement and stable in operation. The trend and characteristics of carbon emission changes from 2027 to 2032 are explored and predicted based on the data about direct carbon emissions of Chinese provincial residents from 1999 to 2019, purposed to provide a scientific basis for the control and planning of carbon emissions.

Challenges for Tourism in Natural Areas – Cost of Carbon and Natural Disasters

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Becken ◽  
Pei Yu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Finite Resource ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Carbon Based

Tourism involves travel, and travelling is inherently dependent on carbon-based fuel. The low cost of carbon fuels resulted in massive expansions of global tourism with many countries now depending on tourism exports for their national economies. However, oil is a finite resource and tourism’s dependence on it creates major vulnerabilities. It is also increasingly recognised that to combat man-made global climate change it is essential to put a price on carbon, for example through carbon taxes or Emissions Trading Schemes. The implications of a diminishing availability of cheap carbon-based fuel are extremely complex and far reaching, both for society as a whole and for tourism.

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