scholarly journals “The World the Horses Made”: A South African Case Study of Writing Animals into Social History

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Swart
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Social History ◽  
African History ◽  
Human History ◽  
South African War ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Sensory History ◽  
Long Time

SummaryThis paper explores new ways to write history that engages with the lives of animals. It offers a sample card of how social history can be enriched by focusing on history from an animal perspective – and equally, how the tools provided by social history reveals the historicity of animals. The case study is drawn from South African history and the focus is on horses. The paper firstly proposes that horses changed human history not only on the macro-level, but in the small, intimate arena of the bodily, following Febvre’s call for a sensory history. Secondly, this paper explores social history’s long-time concern with agency and with understanding socio-cultural experiences from the perspective of those who actually lived them – in this case, from an equine perspective. Thirdly, the paper asks how social history that takes animals seriously might be written and might offer a fresh dimension to our understanding, with examples from the most analysed event in southern African historiography, the South African War (1899–1902).

scholarly journals First-Year Students’ Views on Prescribed Book for Translation Practice: A Case Study of a South African University of Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Mnguni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
First Year ◽  
Language Practice ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Official Languages

Translation as a field of study is fairly new in South Africa because before 1994, the official languages were English and Afrikaans and everybody was expected to know and use those languages. Consequently, there is not much about translation practice that is written by South African authors. Following this, translation books from outside South Africa are generally used and prescribed, thus stifling inherent experiences, since little is written by the South Africans themselves.  A total number of 46 language practice students participated in this quantitative study. This study explored challenges encountered by first year language practice students, when using their prescribed book, at the Central University of Technology, Welkom Campus. Results indicated that students were not benefitting maximally from using the prescribed book, which is by any standard an excellent book. The socio-cultural experiences of the students were missing, thus prevent students’ from mastering the subject content better. From the data collected, it is recommended, amongst other recommendations, that a bias towards books reflecting South African experiences be prioritized as well as also allowing students to participate in making book choices.

scholarly journals DIGITAL ACCOUNTS AFTER DEATH: A CASE STUDY IN IRAN LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 153-182
Author(s):  
Abbas Mirshekari ◽  
Ramin Ghasemi ◽  
Alireza Fattahi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Information ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

In recent times, cyberspace is being widely used so that everyone has a digital account. It naturally entails its own legal issues. Undoubtedly, one of the main issues is that what fate awaits the account and its content upon the account holder’s death? This issue has been neglected not only by the primary creators of digital accounts but also by many legal systems in the world, including Iran. To answer this question, we first need to distinguish between the account and the information contained therein. The account belongs to the company that creates it and allows the user to use it only. Hence, following the death of the account holder, the account will be lost but the information will remain because it was created by him/her and thus belongs to him/her. However, does this mean that the information will be inherited by the user’s heirs after his/her death? Can the user exercise his/her right to transfer account content to a devisee through a testament? Comparing digital information with corporeal property, some commentators believe that the property will be inherited like corporeal property. This is a wrong deduction because the corporeal property can disclose the privacy of the owner and third parties less than the one in cyberspace. This paper aims to show what happens to a digital account after its user passes away and examine the subject using the content analysis method in various legal systems in the world, especially in Iran as a case study. The required information is collected from law books, articles, doctrines, case laws, and relevant laws and regulations of different countries. To protect the privacy interests of the deceased and others, it is concluded that the financially valuable information published by the account holder before his/her death can be transferred to successors. As a rule, the information that may violate privacy by divulging should be removed. However, given that this information may be a valuable source in the future to know about the present, legislators are suggested to make digital information, which may no longer lead to the invasion of the decedent’s privacy, available to the public after a long time.

scholarly journals Key milestones of infographics evolution in cartography

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Jakub Konicek
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Extended View ◽  
The Web

Abstract. Infographic is a popular term which resonates quite significantly in the world of the Internet for a long time. It became a very often used phrase not only in various forums, blogs, and websites, but also turned into a part of the scientific research presentation and later as a field of study in (not only) cartographic visualization as well. Either, the cartography is no exception. Many cartographers practically used this term and its generally known principles. Nevertheless, principles and its well-known essence are not officially and uniformly defined yet.The paper aims to present the evolution of infographics in time and its intersection and the usage focusing on cartography. The main aim is to figure out trends and milestones which are noticeable from the gradual evolution of infographics. The interests and activities of the professional scientific groups of the International Cartographic Association, as well as the thematic focus of the papers at the annual international conferences, confirm the growing popularity of the professional public.The case study figures out, through practical examples, when infographic has become a valuable part of cartographic creation and subject of study in cartographic research. Based on the available literature, professionally oriented forums and thematically focused articles at the Web of Science, the paper seeks to show an extended view of infographics. According to trendsetters, it is a popular design concept, nevertheless, it is still not given significant scientific attention from a professional point of view.The motivation for this research is to compile an evolution timeline of infographics, describe significant trends and define key milestones influencing its development, especially in the field of practical usage in cartography.

scholarly journals The Number of the South African War (1899-1902) Concentration Camp Dead: Standard Stories, Superior Stories and a Forgotten Proto-Nationalist Research Investigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Liz Stanley ◽  
Helen Dampier
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
The South ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
South African War ◽  
The Face

Tilly extols the power and compass of ‘superior stories’ compared with ‘standard stories’. However, things are not always so clear cut, as the case study discussed here shows. A 1906 – 1914 research investigation headed by P. L. A. Goldman, which has initially concerned with the enumeration and commemoration of the deaths of Boer combatants during the South African War (1899-1902), and later with the deaths of people in the concentration camps established in the commando phase of this war, is explored in detail using archived documents. Now largely forgotten, the investigation was part of a commemorative project which sought to replace competing stories about wartime events with one superior version, as seen from a proto-nationalist viewpoint. Goldman, the official in charge, responded to a range of methodological and practical difficulties in dealing with a huge amount of data received from a wide variety of sources, and eventually produced ‘the number’ as politically and organisationally required. However, another number of the South African War concentration camp dead - different from Goldman's, and also added up incorrectly - concurrently appeared on a national women's memorial, the Vrouemonument, and it is this which has resounded subsequently. The reasons are traced to the character of stories and their power, and the visibility of stories about the concentration camp deaths on the face of the Vrouemonument, but their anonymity within Goldman's production of ‘the number’. Tilly's idea of an ‘in-between’ approach to analysing stories by historical sociology is drawn on in exploring this.

Exponential Growth of Populations

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human History ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Normal Fluctuations ◽  
History Books

Historians took a long time to appreciate the importance of biological factors in human history. As the French naturalist Jean Henri Fabre (1823-1915) said: "History celebrates the battlefields whereon we meet our death, but scorns to speak of the plowed fields whereby we thrive. It knows the names of the King's bastards, but cannot tell us the origin of wheat." No doubt Fabre's criticism helped in turning the tide against the old-fashioned sort of history. History books now being written are more inclusive, more interesting. Some of them even mention population. A century before Fabre was born, even the fact of population growth was denied by some otherwise well-informed scholars. In 1721 the Baron de Montesquieu asked, in all sincerity, "How does it happen that the world is so thinly peopled in comparison with what it once was?"1 Until the nineteenth century the taking of censuses was a sporadic activity; most of the world, most of the time, lived uncensused. Primitive travel and slow communication made the counting of population over large areas difficult—and perhaps pointless. Without censuses or sampling, general impressions had to serve. When speaking of "the world" as "it once was," the baron, an educated European, no doubt had in mind the last days of the Roman Empire. There is much uncertainty about the size of world population in the olden days, but the following estimates are probably not far off.2 Over a period of about thirteen hundred years, ending in Montesquieu's time, the population of the world increased from some 190 million to about 610 million. This was more than a threefold increase, but an intelligent European could easily be unaware of both the direction and the extent of the change—for several reasons. To begin with, most of the increase in population took place outside Europe. Despite reports like Marco Polo's, to European eyes Europe was the world. Viewing the sparsely inhabited ruins of Rome, eighteenth-century Europeans deduced a decrease in world population. Awareness of long-term growth was made more difficult by erratic (but normal) fluctuations in populations. It was quite common for a region to lose a percent or two of its population during a single year because of disease.

scholarly journals Die invloed van die Christelike geloof op die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
African History ◽  
African Society ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Euro Pean ◽  
The World

The influence of Christianity on the South African society It was not the intention of the first Christians to change the world, but their behaviour soon influenced society. The Euro- pean settlers who came to South Africa brought calvinist Christianity to the region. For the next 340 years, Christianity was a very influential force in the South African society, usually taken for granted by Christians and not allowed to be ques- tioned, challenged or opposed by non-Christians. Today the society bears both the scars and medals of the Christian era in South African history although South Africa was never officially a Christian country. After 1994, South Africa became a neutral state, with religious freedom, and the privileged position of Christianity began to fade rapidly. More than ten years later, however, the influence that Christianity had on the country and its people is still visible. This article is an introductory investi- gation into the influence of Christianity on the South African society from an historical perspective.

scholarly journals Determinants of South Africa’s Orange Trade Flows in the Top European and Asian Importing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Luyolo Matolo ◽  
Li Zhemin ◽  
Yu Wen ◽  
Huang Min
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Significant Factors

<p class="NoSpacing1">South Africa orange exporters have for a long time enjoyed a sizeable market share in many parts of the world. A large portion of that sizeable market share can be located in the European countries then followed by fast developing countries in Asia. This market share can be associated with a declining South African currency compared to the values of these major currencies. On the other hand a number of trade agreements that have been reached by South Africa and these countries over the years have also contributed handsomely in the mentioned market share. Furthermore, diets of consumers in these countries have as well contributed in the conquered market share. Although a number of studies have been conducted on the subject of South Africa’s declining currency and the established trade agreements on products with mixed magnitudes in influencing trade flows, further research is needed for a better understanding on the trade determinants patterns in specific products. This paper focuses on the determinants of South Africa’s orange trade in the top European and Asian importing countries. In order to understand these trade determinants, gravity model has been applied to identify and analyze significant factors encouraging or discouraging the quantities/volumes of oranges exported to the above mentioned countries. Findings have shown that over the reviewed period, South Africa’s orange exports to the European market have been consistence, while exports to Asian market started slow and gradually increased over the years. Gravity model estimated coefficients also showed expected signs.</p>

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