Protecting the emblems in peacetime: The experiences of the British Red Cross Society

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (272) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Michael A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
General Health ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Short Article ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom

The special significance of the red cross and red crescent emblems as internationally agreed symbols of protection and neutrality in armed conflict will be diluted if these emblems, or signs closely resembling them, are used randomly or for diffuse purposes in time of peace. In countries like the United Kingdom which for the most part have been spared armed conflict for the past 40 years, the red cross emblem has frequently become closely identified with first aid and with general health or medical care, its primary and unique meaning during armed conflict often being forgotten or unknown. For this reason it is perhaps particularly important for National Societies in such countries to help the authorities monitor unauthorised uses or misuses of the emblems, and the role of National Societies in this respect has been recognised under the 1986 International Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (Article 3 [2] thereof). In addition, dissemination activities can help to enhance understanding of the purpose of the emblems. This short article will discuss practical aspects of the monitoring role of the British Red Cross Society.

The State of Industrial Ill-Health in the United Kingdom

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Charles Clutterbuck
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Safety Committees ◽  
Area Health

Recent health and safety legislation in the United Kingdom comes at a time of economic crisis. The only way of understanding its impact is to look back at the roles of employers, the State, trade unions, workers, and the medical establishment over the past 150 years since the rise of industrial capital. In many ways, issues that were current at the turn of the century—such as the conflict between profits and health, whether to clean up the production process or insulate workers from its hazards, compensation, and employers' liability—are still very much present today, although these issues are often obscured by the notions that there is an identity of interest between management and workers over health and safety and that profits and safety go together. The role of the trade unions in dealing with existing and new hazards of production has historically been ambiguous, yet the need for them to develop an overall policy of prevention has always been obvious. Although they are now part of the governing apparatus, other arms of the State—in particular the civil service—initiate changes in health and safety organization, while trade unions make sure they are enacted. The development of trade-union area health and safety groups represents the most important potential change and may well provide the necessary focus for information and organization to cut through the “concerned” propaganda from management and its safety committees and start the long-awaited cleanup of industry.

Protecting The Interests of Bidders for Public Contracts; The Role of the Common Law

1994 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-139
Author(s):  
Sue Arrowsmith
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Common ◽  
Public Contracts ◽  
Formal Rules

In the United Kingdom there has traditionally been little litigation over the award of public contracts. This is largely due to the absence, in the past, of formal rules regulating contract procedures, which might have founded a basis for legal actions. It is also to some extent a product of the reluctance of contractors to “bite the hand that feeds” and jeopardise their chances of future contracts; this factor may have discouraged contractors from taking advantage of the potentiality of common law doctrines for providing protection for bidders in the tendering process.

Introduction: “A Crime Against Humanity”: Slavery and The Boundaries of Legality, Past and Present

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariela Gross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Legal History ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Caribbean

Nowhere in legal history has the nexus between past and present received more attention in recent years than in the study of slavery. The memory of slavery has become a field of study in itself, and competing histories of slavery have animated contemporary legal and political debates. Today, new histories of capitalism have further illuminated the central role of slavery and the slave trade in building the modern Atlantic world. Across Europe, the United Kingdom, Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States, new memorials, museums, and commemorations of slavery and abolition have brought new kinds of public engagement to the slave past. In the era of Black Lives Matter, understanding the connections between that past and the present day has never seemed more important, and historians are struggling with the question of how to engage the present in a historically nuanced way. One kind of engagement between past and present, among historians, lawyers, and activists, has been to draw connections between slavery in the past and in the present.

Do the Opinions Expressed by the Conseil D'Etat in its Capacity as Legal Adviser to the Government Influence Policy?

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-679
Author(s):  
Nicole Questiaux
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Government Influence ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legal Adviser ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Difficulties ◽  
Constitutional Changes ◽  
Judicial Role

My title for this article reflects a very proper question for a foreign audience which has become more familiar than in the past with the dual (consultative and judicial) role of the French Conseil d'etat. For many years, interest in Britain focused on the judicial function of the Conseil. More recently, attention has shifted to the activities of the “sections administratives”, which involve the screening and the drafting of all the proposed legislation and the essential part of subordinate regulations prepared by government. I have the feeling this interest is probably fuelled by the recent constitutional changes in the United Kingdom, and the need to prevent legal difficulties cropping up between different and new political bodies.

The Future of Administrative Justice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Adler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Future ◽  
Administrative Review ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Administrative Justice

This chapter considers the future of administrative justice. Using the United Kingdom as a case study, it argues that the rise and fall of administrative justice can be likened to the swing of a pendulum. It considers first-instance decision-making, the role of outsourcing, the expanding role of administrative review and its implications for administrative justice, the decline of tribunals and the rise of ombudsmen, the effectiveness of oversight arrangements, and the impact of digitalisation. It concludes that the future of administrative justice in the United Kingdom is unlikely to involve a replay of anything that has been encountered in the past.

Sickness: A Stochastic Process

1971 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
British Government ◽  
Sickness Insurance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Role Of Principal

The theory surrounding sickness rates has received little attention in the United Kingdom during the past two decades. This may be a consequence of the assumption by the British Government of the role of principal insurer against sickness, and the resulting reduction in numbers of those who otherwise might have turned to the traditional friendly society for sickness insurance. It is unfortunate that the decline in interest in sickness rates should have coincided with the burgeoning of the theory of stochastic processes, for sickness is a stochastic process.

Gender in the Representations of an Armed Conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Toivanen ◽  
Bahar Baser
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
International Media ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
National Media

The Syrian civil war has been, without doubt, the war most widely covered by international media in this millennium. Having engaged in an armed combat against the Islamic State (IS), Kurdish military troops, especially the female battalion, have received considerable international media attention. This study examines the gender dimension of national media representations of female Kurdish combatants belonging to the Protection Units (YPJ) in Syria. How have the female combatants been framed in British and French media? To what extent are these representations gendered? The overall data consists of news articles from national media outlets in France and in the United Kingdom between 2014 and 2015, and is analyzed with frame analysis. The results show that the juxtaposition of female combatants with IS fighters allows the depiction of the participation of the former as exceptional and heroic and as one that deconstructs the masculinity of its adversary. The role of female combatants in the ongoing conflict is represented in the British and French media through the construction of sexualized and modern-day heroine figures that are largely glorified.

scholarly journals THE GRADUAL CURTAILMENT OF THE ROYAL PREROGATIVE

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Cox
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Natural Person

In the United Kingdom and those countries that recognise Elizabeth II as their Queen,1 there are to be found certain fundamental constitutional principles. One of these is that much of the legal basis of executive power derives from the Crown,2 though this has, in the past, often been downplayed for political and other reasons. Indeed, in the Commonwealth as a whole, political independence has often been equated with the reduction of the role of the Crown to a position of subservience to the political executive.3 What remains important is the position of the Crown as an organising principle of government (the framework upon which the structure of government is built4), as a source of legitimacy, and as a symbol for permanent government. Executive power, therefore, remains based on the royal prerogative, and the „third source‟ of authority (the legal powers of the legal natural person, as the Crown is a corporation aggregate), as well as upon statute law.

The role of demographic variables as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress among teachers in Sabah

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Najihah Hanisah Marmaya ◽  
Syed Azizi Wafa
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Population Norms ◽  
The United Kingdom

A nationwide investigation into stress among teachers in the United Kingdom, found teachers to be reporting stress-related problems which were far higher than those of the population norms and other comparable occupational groups. Job stress can be influenced by personal factors (Matteson & Ivancevich, 1999). The present study examined the role of demographic variables as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress. A sample size of 177 teachers participated in this study revealed that teachers in Tawau and Lahad Datu experienced low stress levels. This study found that demographic variables do not serve as the moderator between organizational variables and job stress.

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