scholarly journals Studies of Soil Moisture in the “Great Plains” Region

1908 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Alway
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
No Value ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Preceding Winter ◽  
Previous Summer

1. All determinations of soil moisture should be made to a depth of from four to five feet for wheat and oats, and to a depth of six or seven feet for grasses.2. Unless all the soil under consideration is very uniform, determinations of the hygroscopic coefficient are indispensable. The determination of this value is extremely important even where the soil is uniform.3. The storage capacity for available water of the two soil types studied, may be placed at from five to seven inches of rainfall for wheat and oat crops.4. A better idea of the moisture conditions of the soil at Indian Head may be obtained from a casual examination in the field than from the drying and weighing of the samples, unless the hygroscopic coefficient is considered.5. The moisture stored in the subsoil during the previous summer, and not the frost of the preceding winter, is the cause of the high yields of wheat and oats obtained in southern Saskatchewan.6. The soil of southern Saskatchewan does not remain permanently frozen at any depth.7. Investigations of the moisture conditions to a depth of only 12 to 16 inches are of no value and may often be entirely misleading.

scholarly journals Subsurface investigations of landslides using geophysical methods : geoelectrical applications in the Swabian Alb (Germany)

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bell ◽  
J.-E. Kruse ◽  
A. Garcia ◽  
T. Glade ◽  
A. Hördt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Subsurface Investigation ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D Resistivity

Abstract. Landslides occur frequently all over the world, causing at times considerable economic damage, injuries and even death. In order to improve hazard assessment, common landslide types of a given region need to be investigated in detail. While traditional techniques of subsurface investigation are expensive and only provide point information, geophysical methods are suitable tools for gathering 2D and 3D information on the subsurface quickly, reliably and cost-effectively. In this study, the suitability and limitations of 2D resistivity for the determination of landslide extent, structure and soil moisture conditions are presented. For this purpose, two identical profiles were taken during a two-month period. Significant differences in electrical resistivity (>1000 Ωm) due to varying soil moisture conditions were observed. Using various inversion parameters, it was possible to model two distinct subsurface images. Regrettably, the sliding plane could not be detected reliably, possibly due to the homogeniety of the landslide material and underlying bedrock.

scholarly journals Relationship between Winter/Spring Snowfall and Summer Precipitation in the Northern Great Plains of North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Quiring ◽  
Daria B. Kluver
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preceding Winter

Abstract On the basis of snowfall observations from 1929 to 1999, positive (negative) snowfall anomalies are associated with wetter (drier) than normal conditions during the summer [July–August (JJA)] in the northern Great Plains. The five driest summers are associated with negative snowfall anomalies during the preceding winter (−66.7 mm) and spring (−62.4 mm) that cover most of the study region (∼85%). Snowfall anomalies during the late spring (April–May) are more important for determining summer moisture conditions than snowfall anomalies in fall [September–November (SON)] or winter [December–February (DJF)]. The link between snowfall anomalies and summer moisture conditions appears to be, at least partly, through soil moisture since positive (negative) snowfall anomalies are associated with wetter (drier) soils, a later (earlier) date of snowmelt, cooler (warmer) air temperatures, and more (less) evaporation during spring and summer. However, the relationship between spring snowfall and summer moisture conditions is only statistically significant when the moisture anomaly index (Z), which accounts for both temperature and precipitation, is used to characterize summer moisture conditions and the signal is weak when just considering precipitation (e.g., standardized precipitation index). Results also indicate that the strength of the relationship between winter/spring snowfall and summer moisture varies significantly over space and time, which limits its utility for seasonal forecasting.

scholarly journals The Physics of Drought in the U.S. Central Great Plains

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 6783-6804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Livneh ◽  
Martin P. Hoerling
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Variability ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Rainfall Deficits ◽  
Moisture Variability

Abstract The semiarid U.S. Great Plains is prone to severe droughts having major consequences for agricultural production, livestock health, and river navigation. The recent 2012 event was accompanied by record deficits in precipitation and high temperatures during the May–August growing season. Here the physics of Great Plains drought are explored by addressing how meteorological drivers induce soil moisture deficits during the growing season. Land surface model (LSM) simulations driven by daily observed meteorological forcing from 1950 to 2013 compare favorably with satellite-derived terrestrial water anomalies and reproduce key features found in the U.S. Drought Monitor. Results from simulations by two LSMs reveal that precipitation was directly responsible for between 72% and 80% of the soil moisture depletion during 2012, and likewise has accounted for the majority of Great Plains soil moisture variability since 1950. Energy balance considerations indicate that a large fraction of the growing season temperature variability is itself driven by precipitation, pointing toward an even larger net contribution of precipitation to soil moisture variability. To assess robustness across a larger sample of drought events, daily meteorological output from 1050 years of climate simulations, representative of conditions in 1979–2013, are used to drive two LSMs. Growing season droughts, and low soil moisture conditions especially, are confirmed to result principally from rainfall deficits. Antecedent meteorological and soil moisture conditions are shown to affect growing season soil moisture, but their effects are secondary to forcing by contemporaneous rainfall deficits. This understanding of the physics of growing season droughts is used to comment on plausible Great Plains soil moisture changes in a warmer world.

Herbicidal Activity as Affected by Soil Incorporation and Rainfall

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Wiese ◽  
D. T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
The One ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Under the erractic rainfall distribution of the Southern Great Plains, average pigweed(Amaranthussp.) control in five studies with seven herbicides was enhanced by incorporation in 1 or 3 inches of soil with a power rototiller. Compared to no incorporation, 9-inch incorporation improved pigweed control with two herbicides, had no effect on weed control with two others, and decreased weed control with another three. Soil incorporation at 1 or 3 inches did not increase weed control with three compounds if 0.4 inch of rainfall occurred within 2 weeks after application. Incorporation into 1 or 3 inches of soil improved weed control with four herbicides even when rainfall occurred within 2 days after application. In four of the trials, neither herbicides nor incorporation depth affected cotton stand or vigor. Under the soil moisture conditions prevailing in the one trial where yield data were obtained, cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL.) stand and lint yield decreased lineally with depth of soil incorporation. Herbicides did not affect cotton stand or yield.

Biennial Wormwood (Artemisia biennis) Early-Season Control with Herbicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Fronning ◽  
George O. Kegode
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Biennial wormwood has become a problem for soybean producers in the northern Great Plains of the United States. Research was conducted to evaluate control of biennial wormwood with preemergence (PRE) herbicides alone or followed by postemergence (POST) herbicides in 2000 and 2001 at Fargo, Leonard, and Wyndmere, ND. Favorable soil moisture conditions at Leonard resulted in continual emergence and greater densities of biennial wormwood, whereas the soil at Fargo and Wyndmere was dry and few biennial wormwood seedlings emerged at these locations. Biennial wormwood control with PRE herbicides was greater than 89% at Fargo and Wyndmere but was 80% or lower at Leonard. PRE biennial wormwood control was higher with flumetsulam than with sulfentrazone. When POST treatments were applied after PRE herbicides, biennial wormwood control 4 wk after treatment was 92% or better at Fargo and Wyndmere but was 76% or less at Leonard. The combination of PRE and POST herbicide treatments did not improve control greatly at Fargo or Wyndmere but at Leonard reduced the number of biennial wormwood plants.

scholarly journals A comment on inter-field spatial extrapolation of vine (Vitis vinifera L.) water status

OENO One ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
James A. Taylor ◽  
César Acevedo-Opazo ◽  
Serge Guillaume ◽  
Hernán Ojeda ◽  
Bruno Tisseyre
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Similar Soil

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: Recent work has identified strong intra-field relationships of predawn leaf water potential (<strong>Ψ</strong><sub>PD</sub>) between paired sites. This study investigates if these relationships exist at the inter-field level when soil types between fields are constant or different in a vineyard in Southern France.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Method and result</strong>: Nine fields were sampled for <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>PD</sub> on 6 dates over two growing seasons. When general assumptions of uniformity in climate, growing conditions and soil moisture were able to be met, a linear relationship between the mean <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>PD</sub> responses of different fields was observed. The relationship was no longer linear when the soil moisture regime between fields differed.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results indicate that it should be possible to extrapolate a reference <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>PD</sub> value across a production region (syndicate/co-operative) defined on a similar soil type.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: These intra-field relationships may minimise the need for <strong>Ψ</strong><sub>PD</sub> sampling to define irrigation/crop management in areas planted to similar soil types. The poor fit between fields with differing soil moisture regimes indicates that the original intra-field model may be flawed in larger fields or vineyards with heterogeneous soil moisture conditions.</p>

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