A study on the vitamin A activity of carotene in green fodder

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Ray Sarkar ◽  
K. C. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Β Carotene

1. With the object of determining the vitamin A value of carotene in different green fodders, an investigation has been undertaken to study (i) the relation between the chemically determined carotene and its biological activity as compared with that of standard carotene, (ii) the purity of apparent carotene from different sources, (iii) absorption of carotene in rats, and (iv) the relative efficiency of the standard carotene and preformed vitamin A.2. Biological tests have shown that the chemical method of assay is a fair index of the true carotene content in green fodders, and carotene in the form of an extract is quite as effective in the system as that present in the plant tissues. β-Carotene appears to be predominant in these materials.

scholarly journals Carotene and provitamin A content of vegetables sold in Viçosa, MG, Brazil, during spring and winter

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pollyanna Costa Cardoso ◽  
Ceres Mattos Della Lucia ◽  
Paulo César Stringheta ◽  
José Benício Paes Chaves ◽  
Helena Maria Pinheiro-Sant'Ana
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Β Carotene

This study investigated the α- and β-carotene content and provitamin A value of four leafy vegetables sold at local and street markets in Viçosa, MG, Brazil, in the spring and winter of 2002. Carotenoids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. α-Carotene was detected in all samples sold during spring, but was only present in a few samples of smooth and curly lettuce and kale in winter. β-Carotene was found in marked quantities in all leafy vegetables analyzed. Duncan's test (α = 5%) showed significantly higher α-carotene content in curly lettuce and vitamin A value in large-leaved watercress in the spring. Mean β-carotene content and vitamin A value were 7544, 8751, 2584, 2792, 8193, and 5338 μg/100 g and 666, 760, 227, 238, 698, and 460 μg RAE/100 g in large-leaved and hydroponic watercress, smooth and curly lettuce, kale and spinach, respectively. All leafy vegetables analyzed represent important sources of provitamin A and supply an important part of the daily requirements of children and adults.

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

The effect of different plant sources on the utilization of carotene by chickens

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ascarelli ◽  
A. Bondi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Sweet Potato Leaves ◽  
Liver Storage

The possibility was examined of supplying vitamin A to chickens from the first days of life as carotene in green plants. Growth experiments were carried out with chickens till the age of 8 weeks. Different kinds of forage (horse-beans, Berseem clover, green oats, sweet potato leaves, cow-peas, corn-leaves) were given in quantities calculated to supply 300 μg. carotene per 100 g. feed; control groups received fish-liver oil, given at the level of 500 i.u. per 100 g. feed. Weight gains and extent of vitamin A storage in liver served as an indication of the utilization of carotene from different sources. The utilization of carotene from all the plants examined was sufficient to support normal growth, only in the groups receiving clover was growth found to be somewhat slower. Remarkable differences were found in the extent of liver storage, and that was taken as an indication of differences in activity of the carotene from the different sources.Attempts to determine the reasons for these differences in liver storage capacity of the carotene from the various plants did not reveal the presence of any plant components enhancing or depressing vitamin A storage.Similarly, no correlation could be found between digestibility coefficients of carotene in the different plants and liver vitamin A storage. This correlation seemed likely in sweet potato leaves only, the rather low digestibility coefficient found in these leaves may account, at least partially, for the low activity of this plant.The stereoisomeric composition of the β-carotene of the different plants and the xanthophyll/carotene ratio are very similar in all plants tested and cannot account for differences in carotene activity of the plants studied.The results of this work show that it is possible to satisfy the requirements of chicks for vitamin A from the first days of life by supplying certain forage plants. In practice, because of the variability of the carotene content in such plants, care has to be taken when estimating the amounts to be given. Green plants should be given to chickens freely or at least in liberal amounts.

scholarly journals Vitamin A and carotenoids in certain invertebrates. I. Marine Crustacea

1952 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Fisher ◽  
S. K. Kon ◽  
S. Y. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
British Coast ◽  
Β Carotene

Planktonic, benthic and littoral Crustacea were collected from localities around the British coast, from Norwegian and Faeroese waters and from the Antarctic, and their content of preformed vitamin A and carotenoid pigments was measured.Methods are described for the preservation of specimens, the extraction and separation of vitamin A and carotenoids and the measurement of vitamin A by chemical, physical and biological tests, and of carotenoids by physical tests.Free-swimming euphausiids were found to contain, in addition to large quantities of astaxanthin, high concentrations of preformed vitamin A, but no β-carotene.

scholarly journals Sensory Analysis of a Processed Food Intended for Vitamin A Supplementation

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
George A. Cavender ◽  
Kristina R. Lewandowski ◽  
Ginnefer O. Cox ◽  
Chad M. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Provitamin A and pre-formed vitamin A compounds are essential micronutrients for humans. However, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects the health status of nearly 50% of populations in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and is especially pronounced in preschool children and pregnant women. The objective of this research was to determine an acceptable flavor/ingredient combination to produce a palatable food product that incorporates sweet potatoes, peanut paste, and chickpeas. We sought to determine the acceptability of the three product formulations and to determine the influence of demographic data on ratings for the sensory attributes of each sample. To address VAD issues, three formulations of a product incorporating sweet potato puree (to increase β-carotene content), pure peanut butter (to provide fat for β-carotene absorption), and chickpeas (to provide a complete protein source), were developed: (1) an unflavored control, and two formulations with added natural seasonings: (2) curry-flavored, and (3) pumpkin spice-flavored. Sensory analysis of the three products showed that the curry-flavored product received the highest acceptability in terms of overall liking, flavor, texture, and appearance (p < 0.001). Since the demographic effect was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), it is highly likely that the curry-flavored product can be implemented in other countries or areas with high acceptability.

Combining Ability of Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] Genotypes for Beta Carotene and Dry Matter Content in Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
M.S Afolabi ◽  
G.O Agbowuro ◽  
A.E Salami ◽  
M.O Akoroda
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Β Carotene

Roots of orange fleshed sweet potato varieties currently available in Nigeria contain high quantities of β-carotene or pro-vitamin A but have high moisture content. These varieties have been found to be a cheap and important remedy for vitamin A deficiency. The cream or white fleshed varieties on the other hand, have sweet taste with high dry matter content, giving a dry texture, a quality trait preferred in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to examine the quantitative inheritance of important traits in sweet potato by means of a diallel analysis with a view to estimating the GCA and SCA components of genetic variance, and to determine the associated type of gene action controlling β-carotene content and root dry mass. A diallel crosses experiment using six parental sweet potato genotypes crossed in all possible combinations were carried out. Resultant thirty progenies were evaluated for beta carotene (β-carotene) and dry matter content in Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria during the cropping season of 2012 and 2013. The 30 F1 progenies along with their parental lines were planted in the same field trial. The trial was laid out in 6 x 6 triple lattice in two replications. Highly significant (P≤ 0.01) differences were observed among the genotypes for all the tested traits. The average β-carotene content for the progenies was 2.86 (mg/100 g f.w.) while the dry matter content was 31.89%. The cross combination 199024.2 x Excel recorded the highest beta carotene (14.37 mg/100 g f.w) and dry matter content (40.10%), this candidate is therefore suggested for further evaluation. Key words: Diallel analysis, Dry matter, Southern Guinea Savanna, Sweet potato, Vitamin A, β-carotene.

Investigation of the vitamins A and E and β-carotene content in milk from UK organic and conventional dairy farms

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A Ellis ◽  
Ana Monteiro ◽  
Giles T Innocent ◽  
Dai Grove-White ◽  
Peter Cripps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Β Carotene

During a 12-month longitudinal study, bulk-tank milk was collected from organic (n=17) and conventional (n=19) dairy farms in the UK. Milk samples were analysed for vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and β-carotene content. The farming system type, herd production level and nutritional factors affecting the milk fat vitamin content were investigated by use of mixed model analyses. Conventionally produced milk fat had a higher mean content of vitamin A than organically produced milk fat, although there were no significant differences in the vitamin E or β-carotene contents between the two types of milk fat. Apart from farming system, other key factors that affected milk fat vitamin content were season, herd yield and concentrate feeding level. Milk vitamin content increased in the summer months and in association with increased concentrate feeding, whilst higher-yielding herds had a lower milk vitamin E and β-carotene content. Thus, conventional dairy farms in the UK produced milk with a higher vitamin A content, possibly owing to increased vitamin A supplementation in concentrate feeds. However, knowledge of the effects of season, access to fresh grazing or specific silage types and herd production level may also be used by all producers and processors to enhance the vitamin content in milk.

scholarly journals The metabolism of retinyl methyl ether in the rat in vivo

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Narindrasorasak ◽  
P. Pimpa ◽  
M. R. Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
A Value

1. Retinyl methyl ether was converted into vitamin A in vitamin A-deficient rats regardless of whether administered by oral, intraperitoneal, intramuscular or subcutaneous route; intramuscular administration seemed to be the best for conversion as well as storage. 2. Significantly, unchanged retinyl methyl ether was also found in the liver after oral administration but not after administration by other routes. 3. Oral administration of 1mg of retinyl methyl ether led to a progressive increase in liver vitamin A with time reaching a value of 16% of administered dose after 24h. No retinyl methyl ether was detectable in liver at any time-interval in this experiment. 4. Conversely, oral administration of 4mg of retinyl methyl ether/day for 4 days led to the accumulation of 25% of the dose as unchanged retinyl methyl ether in the liver 1 day after the last dose; however, it was gradually but completely converted into vitamin A over a period of 18 days. 5. The significance of these findings with special reference to the fundamental metabolism of vitamin A, the site of conversion of retinyl methyl ether into vitamin A, the relative efficiency of various routes of administration and its biological activity are discussed.

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