Some effects of infection with yellowing viruses and of fungicide applications on bolting in sugar beet

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409
Author(s):  
G. E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
First Year ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Selection For

Sugar-beet plants require an appropriate sequence of environmental conditions to change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase during the first year of growth. When plants bolt, the stem lengthens and bears flowers and the stem and root become lignified. Bolting is normally induced by a period of low temperature followed by higher temperatures and long-day conditions. The minimum time necessary, under these conditions, for initiation of bolting varies greatly with individual plants, susceptibility to bolting being genetically controlled. Intensive selection for resistance to bolting has resulted in the production of varieties which are highly resistant to bolting (e.g. Bell & Bauer, 1942; Campbell, 1953; Campbell & Russell, 1964). Elongation of the stem can be induced, without normal vernalization, by spraying beet plants with the naturally occurring growth substance gibberellic acid (Gaskill, 1957; Campbell, 1958). It has also been reported that infection with virus yellows sometimes affects the incidence of bolting (Desprez, 1959), although it has not been recorded which of the two common yellowing viruses in Europe is responsible.

scholarly journals Vernalisation mediated LncRNA-like gene expression in Beta vulgaris

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiguo Liang ◽  
Dayou Cheng ◽  
Jie Cui ◽  
Cuihong Dai ◽  
Chengfei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
First Time

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cannot form reproductive shoots during the first year of their life cycle. Flowering only occurs if plants are vernalised and are subsequently exposed to long days. However, the vernalisation mechanism remains poorly understood in sugar beet. Three putative lncRNAs associated with vernalisation (AGL15X1, AGL15X2 and CAULIFLOWER A) were investigated and the hypothesis that their expression occurred in response to vernalisation was experimentally tested. The regulation mechanisms of BvRAV1-like, lncRNA-like genes, BvFT1 and BvFT2 were also examined. The BvRAV1-like gene associated with vernalisation in sugar beet was validated for the first time. Our data confirmed the hypothesis that AGLX2 was the first candidate lncRNA of sugar beet and the BvRAV1-like gene was expressed in response to vernalisation. BvRAV1-like and AGLX2 genes might be coordinated with BvFT2 to promote reproductive growth by repressing BvFT1 during cold exposure followed by long day conditions. A new complementary flowering model of sugar beet was proposed. Our findings opened up new possibility for future studies and further illuminated the molecular mechanism of vernalisation in sugar beet.

scholarly journals 77 The effect of naturally occurring levels of multiple mycotoxins on growth performance and carcass parameters of grow-finish pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Leigh Ruckman ◽  
Stacie Gould ◽  
John Patience
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Mycotoxins may not be an issue every year, but the proper environmental conditions can cause a spike in contaminated grains and cause severe economic impact on pork producers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of naturally occurring infections of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins (DZF) on growth performance and carcass parameters in grow/finish pigs. One hundred pigs (BW 34.0 ± 0.9 kg; L337 × Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 10 split-sex pens/treatment. The control diet (CTL) contained low levels of DZF and the CTL+DFZ diet contained high levels of DZF. Diets were fed in 4 phases over the 126-d experiment period. The CTL diet contained 1.6, 1.6, 1.8 and 1.2 mg deoxynivalenol/kg and CTL+DZF contained 9.2, 6.9, 5.8 and 3.8 mg deoxynivalenol/kg in the 4 diet phases, respectively. The CTL contained 0.30, 0.32, 0.51 and 0.32 mg zearalenone/kg and 0.7, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg; CTL+DFZ contained 0.59, 0.72, 0.86 and 0.57 mg zearalenone/kg and 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg for phases one through four, respectively. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (9.4) with treatment, sex, and their interaction as fixed effects. Compared to CTL, feeding CTL+DFZ decreased final BW (130.3 vs 120.5 kg; P< 0.001), ADG (0.95 vs 0.79 kg/d; P< 0.001), ADFI (2.73 vs 2.49 kg/d; P=0.016), and G:F (0.35 vs 0.32; P=0.043). Feeding CTL+DFZ decreased HCW (92.3 vs 89.4 kg; P=0.024) and increased dressing percentage (70.9 vs 74.3%; P=0.009) and tended to reduce loin depth (7.0 vs 6.8 cm; P=0.057) compared to CTL. Diet did not affect backfat depth or lean percentage (P >0.10). In conclusion, diets naturally contaminated with multiple mycotoxins reduced growth performance and adversely affected carcass parameters; pigs did not adapt over time to the mycotoxins.

scholarly journals GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUD COMBINATORIA GENERAL Y ESPECÍFICA EN EL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUDE À LA COMBINATION GENERAL ET SPECIFIQUE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Laureti ◽  
Andrea Del Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
East Central ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Selection For

SUMMARYA total of 245 test cross progenies obtained by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and restorer (RHA) lines were evaluated in replicated trials in 1995 and 1997. Experiments were carried out in two locations (Osimo, East Central Italy and Budrio, Northern Italy) in 1995, whereas in 1997 trials were conducted only in Osimo. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the parents was evaluated to identify genotypes suitable to be used as testers for breeding programs and to verify the performance of hybrids. The results obtained in 1995 were used to make test crosses in 1996 to be evaluated in 1997. The GCA and SCA of RHA and CMS lines were nearly always significant for all the studied traits when lines were randomly taken in 1995. When selected testers were used on the basis of the results of the first year, the SCA of new RHA lines and GCA of new CMS lines were not significant for achene yield, but they were for the other traits.The best GCA estimates for RHA were often higher than those of CMS, indicating that selection for RHA could be more useful than for CMS. As expected, GCA was always lower than SCA. CMS and RHA, with high variance among their test crosses for yield and many other traits, could be used as testers. The lack of a tester with high variance in all traits requires more than one tester in evaluating lines. The GCA of a line can change in function of the germplasm with which it is combined.

Dimensions of naturally occurring mother-infant separations during the first year of life

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan T. D. Suwalsky ◽  
Robert P. Klein ◽  
Martha J. Zaslow ◽  
Beth A. Rabinovich ◽  
Nancy F. Gist
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
First Year Of Life

Effects of Kaurane Diterpene Derivatives on Germination and Growth of Lactuca sativa Seedlings

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriete S. Vieira ◽  
Jacqueline A. Takahashi ◽  
Lúcia P. S. Pimenta ◽  
Maria Amélia D. Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

Kaurenoic and grandiflorenic acid, isolated from Wedelia paludosa (Asteraceae), some derivatives from these acids (alcohols, esters, amides, lactones, oximes) and other naturally occurring kaurane diterpenes were tested for their action on the growth of radical and shoot of Lactuca sativa. Gibberellic acid, GA3, a commercially available phytohormone, belonging to the same class of diterpenes, was also tested. Some of the tested substances showed a remarkable activity either in the inhibition or in stimulation of L. sativa growth. The activity, in some cases, was even higher than that of GA3.

scholarly journals Procedures for evaluating the tolerance of cassava genotypes to postharvest physiological deterioration

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Tonini Venturini ◽  
Vanderlei da Silva Santos ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Position ◽  
Postharvest Physiological Deterioration ◽  
Significant Interference ◽  
Diagrammatic Scale

Abstract: The objective of this work was to define procedures to assess the tolerance of cassava genotypes to postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) and to microbial deterioration (MD). Roots of six cassava genotypes were evaluated in two experiments, during storage under different environmental conditions: high temperature and low soil moisture; or low temperature and high soil moisture. Roots were treated or not with fungicide (carbendazim) before storage. Genotype reactions to MD and PPD were evaluated at 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after harvest (DAH), in the proximal, medial, and distal parts of the roots. A diagrammatic scale was proposed to evaluate nonperipheral symptoms of PPD. Fungicide treatment and root position did not influence PPD expression; however, all factors had significant effect on MD severity. Genotypes differed as to their tolerance to PPD and MD. Both deterioration types were more pronounced during periods of higher humidity and lower temperatures. The fungicide treatment increased root shelf life by reducing MD severity up to 10 DAH. Whole roots showed low MD severity and high PPD expression up to 10 DAH, which enabled the assessment of PPD without significant interference of MD symptoms during this period.

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