77 The effect of naturally occurring levels of multiple mycotoxins on growth performance and carcass parameters of grow-finish pigs

Abstract Mycotoxins may not be an issue every year, but the proper environmental conditions can cause a spike in contaminated grains and cause severe economic impact on pork producers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of naturally occurring infections of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins (DZF) on growth performance and carcass parameters in grow/finish pigs. One hundred pigs (BW 34.0 ± 0.9 kg; L337 × Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 10 split-sex pens/treatment. The control diet (CTL) contained low levels of DZF and the CTL+DFZ diet contained high levels of DZF. Diets were fed in 4 phases over the 126-d experiment period. The CTL diet contained 1.6, 1.6, 1.8 and 1.2 mg deoxynivalenol/kg and CTL+DZF contained 9.2, 6.9, 5.8 and 3.8 mg deoxynivalenol/kg in the 4 diet phases, respectively. The CTL contained 0.30, 0.32, 0.51 and 0.32 mg zearalenone/kg and 0.7, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg; CTL+DFZ contained 0.59, 0.72, 0.86 and 0.57 mg zearalenone/kg and 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg for phases one through four, respectively. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (9.4) with treatment, sex, and their interaction as fixed effects. Compared to CTL, feeding CTL+DFZ decreased final BW (130.3 vs 120.5 kg; P< 0.001), ADG (0.95 vs 0.79 kg/d; P< 0.001), ADFI (2.73 vs 2.49 kg/d; P=0.016), and G:F (0.35 vs 0.32; P=0.043). Feeding CTL+DFZ decreased HCW (92.3 vs 89.4 kg; P=0.024) and increased dressing percentage (70.9 vs 74.3%; P=0.009) and tended to reduce loin depth (7.0 vs 6.8 cm; P=0.057) compared to CTL. Diet did not affect backfat depth or lean percentage (P >0.10). In conclusion, diets naturally contaminated with multiple mycotoxins reduced growth performance and adversely affected carcass parameters; pigs did not adapt over time to the mycotoxins.

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Effects of digestible amino acid based formulation of low protein broiler diets supplemented with valine, isoleucine and arginine on performance and protein efficiency

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/293/2020-cjas ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 168-178

Author(s):

Neşe Nuray Toprak ◽

İsmail Yavaş ◽

Ali Anıl Çenesiz ◽

Necmettin Ceylan ◽

İbrahim Çiftci

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Total Amino Acid ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

Carcass Parameters ◽

Dietary Treatments

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of digestible amino acid (DAA) based formulation strategy, and l-valine (l-Val), l-isoleucine (l-Ile) and l-arginine (l-Arg) supplementation to reduce the crude protein (CP) level of broiler diets on performance, carcass characteristics and protein efficiency ratio by comparing with the control diet formulated on total amino acid base. A total of 792 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 48 floor pens, with 24 pens containing 16 chicks and 24 pens containing 17 chicks. The experiment was organized in a completely randomized block design with four dietary treatments as follows; T1: formulated to meet minimum both total amino acid and DAA requirements without using l-Val, l-Ile, and l-Arg, T2: formulated to meet DAA requirements without using l-Val, l-Ile and l-Arg, T3: formulated to meet DAA requirements by using l-Val alone, T4: formulated to meet DAA requirements by using l-Val, l-Arg, and l-Ile. Each treatment had 12 replicates. Neither l-Val (T3) nor l-Val, l-Ile, and l-Arg supplemented (T4) low CP dietary treatments had any negative impact on growth performance, feed conversion ratio during experimental periods, as well as carcass parameters of broilers. Indeed, CP reduction by the addition of l-Val alone or l-Val, l-Ile, and l-Arg together even resulted in a significant improvement in protein efficiency ratio compared to T1 and T2 treatments. Supplementation of l-Val either alone or along with l-Ile and l-Arg to diets formulated based on DAA not only decreased dietary CP but also soybean meal inclusion. It can be concluded that maintained growth performance, and even improved protein utilization can be achieved due to the DAA based formulation strategy and supplementing broiler diets with l-Val alone or together with l-Ile and l-Arg.

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Pike-Perch (Sander lucioperca) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with an Alternative Microorganism Mix for Reducing Fish Meal and Oil—Fishes’ Growth Performances and Quality Traits

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081799 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1799

Author(s):

Michaela Schafberg ◽

Karin Loest ◽

Andreas Müller-Belecke ◽

Sascha Rohn

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Control Diet ◽

Sander Lucioperca ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Growth Performances ◽

Pike Perch ◽

Carcass Parameters

In the last decades, several plant-based materials were used for the substitution of fish meal and oil in aquaculture. The present study evaluated the fish quality and the sensory differences of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) from three different feeding groups, which were fed a commercially available industrial (standard) diet, a control diet, and a special microorganism-based feed mix. This feed mainly consisted of a mix made of Rhodotorula glutinis, Crypthecodinium cohnii, and Arthrospira sp. and had 50% less fish meal and fish oil compared to typical control diets. At the beginning, the pike-perch population was six months old, and the rainbow trout population was 15 months old. The feeding study duration was 16 weeks and every four weeks the growth performance and several morphometric parameters were recorded. Afterwards, sensory evaluation took place to identify possible trends. Sensory evaluation revealed that the rainbow trout groups did not show any significant differences to the standard and control fish fillets with regard to odor, texture, and taste. The effects on rainbow trout growth performances and carcass parameters were similar to the standard group. The feed mix was not optimal for pike-perch farming, which was also reflected by significantly adversely affected growth performance and carcass parameters. The sensorial evaluation showed an opposite trend: here, only small differences in the fillets from the feed mix and standard/control diet were observed.

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268 In-feed Antibiotics Elicit Intestinal Integrity Modifications Early in Post-weaning Life

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 99-99

Author(s):

Jessica M Johnson ◽

Emma T Helm ◽

Nicholas K Gabler ◽

Eric R Burrough ◽

Carson M De Mille

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Nursery Pigs ◽

Ussing Chambers ◽

Intestinal Integrity ◽

And Function ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract The physiological mechanisms by which in-feed antibiotics improve pig growth performance are largely unknown. One proposed mode of action is improvements in intestinal integrity and function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that in-feed therapeutic and sub-therapeutic antibiotics would improve intestinal integrity and function in nursery pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs (6.1±1.1 kg BW) were randomly allotted to individual pens and assigned one of three dietary treatments as follows (n = 8 pigs/trt): 1) control, no antibiotics (CON), 2) CON + sub-therapeutic chlortetracycline [40 ppm in feed (sCTC)], and 3) CON + chlortetracycline-tiamulin [400 ppm + 35 ppm, respectively (CTCDen)]. The study consisted of two consecutive 14 d phases. Chlortetracycline-tiamulin was only fed in phase 1, sCTC was fed in both phases. Phase 1 and 2 ADG, ADFI, and G:F were determined. After 28 d, ileal and colonic ex vivo intestinal integrity was assessed via transepithelial resistance (TER) and macromolecule flux (FD4) in modified Ussing chambers. All data were analyzed for the fixed effects of treatment and start BW as a covariate. In phase 1, compared with CON and sCTC, CTCDen tended to have greater ADG (0.28, 0.31, and 0.33 kg/d, respectively, P = 0.10) and ADFI (0.28, 0.30, and 0.35 kg/d, respectively, P = 0.09). No differences in phase 1 G:F were observed (P = 0.11). Phase 2 ADG, ADFI, and G:F did not differ (P > 0.10). Further, ileal TER and FD4 did not differ (P > 0.10). Colonic TER tended to be increased in sCTC compared with CON and CTCDen (78, 56, and 59 Ω/cm2, respectively, P = 0.07). Compared with CON, colonic FD4 flux was decreased in sCTC and CTCDen by 35–40% (P = 0.03). Altogether, these data indicate that in-feed antibiotics improve colon integrity early in production which may contribute to improved growth performance.

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138 Effects of Increasing Soybean Meal in Corn-based Diets on Growth Performance of Late-finishing Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 70-71

Author(s):

Julia P Holen ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M DeRouchey

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Average Length ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing levels of soybean meal (SBM) replacing feed grade amino acids in corn or corn-dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs. In both experiments, there were 22 to 27 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Average length of the experiments was 35 (Exp. 1) and 29 days (Exp. 2). Diets were balanced to contain 0.70% SID Lys and 2,667 or 2,610 kcal NE/kg for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Minimum amino acid ratios relative to Lys were: Ile, 55; Met&Cys, 60; Thr, 65; Trp, 19.5, and Val, 70. Dietary crude protein ranged from 10.1 to 15.2 for Exp. 1 and 13.6 to 19.4 for Exp. 2. The statistical model considered fixed effects of treatment, linear and quadratic contrasts, and random effect of block. In Exp.1, 1,793 pigs (L337×1050, PIC; initially 104.9 ± 1.4 kg) were fed corn-based diets and pens of pigs were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SBM from 5 to 20%. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed (G:F) increased (linear; P < 0.05) as SBM increased with the greatest improvement observed as SBM increased from 5 to 8.75%, with little improvement thereafter. In Exp. 2, 1,827 pigs (L337×1050, PIC; initially 97.9 ± 1.1 kg) were used in a similar study as Exp. 1, but all diets contained 25% DDGS and SBM levels increased from 0 to 16%. Overall, G:F and final bodyweight of pigs marginally improved (linear and quadratic, respectively; P < 0.10) as SBM increased, with the greatest performance observed when diets contained 8% SBM. These results suggest that increasing SBM up to 8% at the expense of feed grade amino acids in corn or corn-DDGS-based diets improved ADG or G:F in late-finishing pigs.

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Influence of salbutamol administered as the single active enantiomer (R-salbutamol) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800053807 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. P. Fawcett ◽

V. Ravindran ◽

P. C. H. Morel ◽

M. Zhang ◽

V. B. Ciofalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Control Diet ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Tissue Concentrations ◽

Carcass Parameters ◽

Leg Muscle ◽

Dose Response Effect ◽

Pharmacologically Active

AbstractSalbutamol (albuterol) is a β-adrenergic agonist marketed as a racemic (50: 50) mixture of R- and S-enantiomers (rac-salbutamol). Since only R-salbutamol is pharmacologically active and S-salbutamol has a longer half-life in humans, we examined R-salbutamol as a performance enhancer and repartitioning agent in domestic chickens. The effects of feeding diets containing R-salbutamol (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg diet) and rac-salbutamol (10 mg/kg diet) from day 21 to 42 post hatching on growth performance, carcass characteristics and tissue concentrations of R- and S-salbutamol in male and female broilers were compared with a control diet. R-salbutamol in the diet lowered the weight gains in both sexes, but the magnitude of reduction was greater in males as indicated by a significant R-salbutamol ✕ gender interaction. R-salbutamol also lowered food intake and improved food conversion ratios in both sexes. The relative weights of breast muscle and leg muscle were significantly increased and the relative weight of the fat pad was significantly decreased in birds of both sexes given diets containing R-salbutamol. Carcass protein content increased and carcass fat content decreased but the differences were not statistically significant. A significant dose-response effect was observed for tissue concentrations of R-salbutamol in all tissues, except the fat. Performance and carcass parameters in chickens given the 5 mg/kg R-salbutamol diet were similar to those given the 10 mg/kg rac-salbutamol diet, but tissue concentrations of R-salbutamol were lower. Chickens given the 10 mg/ kg rac-salbutamol diet had higher tissue concentrations of salbutamol than chickens given the 10 mg/kg R-salbutamol diet and higher concentrations of S-salbutamol than R-salbutamol in liver and leg muscle. Overall, these results demonstrate that R-salbutamol is an effective repartitioning agent in broiler chickens.

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Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry12

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txz163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 49-58

Author(s):

Madie R Wensley ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M Derouchey ◽

Steve S Dritz ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Poultry Diets ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Tryptophan:lysine [Trp:Lys] ratio), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys ratio from crystalline Trp), or diets containing Trp with biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys ratios, respectively. Pigs fed the positive control or low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the negative control diet, with pigs fed the high Trp with biomass diet intermediate. Pigs fed the low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control diet, with others intermediate. In experiment 2, 1,320 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 45.2 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 33 birds per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (58/58% Threonine:lysine [Thr:Lys] ratio), positive control (65/66% Thr:Lys ratio from crystalline Thr), or diets containing Thr with biomass to provide 65/66 or 69/70% Thr:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Thr with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to broilers fed the negative control diet. Broilers fed the positive control or the low Thr with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control and high Thr with biomass treatments. In experiment 3, 2,100 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 39.4 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 35 birds per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (59/63% Valine:lysine [Val:Lys] ratio), positive control (75/76% Val:Lys ratio from crystalline Val), or diets containing Val with biomass to provide 75/76 or 84/83% Val:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Val with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to those fed the negative control diet. In conclusion, Trp, Thr, or Val with their respective biomass appear to be equally bioavailable and a suitable alternative to crystalline AA in swine and poultry diets.

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165 Impact of mycotoxin contamination of feed on growth performance and blood metabolites of growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 93-93

Author(s):

Jesus A Acosta ◽

Gwendolyn M Jones ◽

John F Patience

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Control Diet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Mycotoxin Contamination ◽

The Impact

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON), derived from contaminated corn, on growth performance and blood metabolites. A total of 32 growing pigs (initial BW 73.1 ± 1.2 kg; L337 × Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly allotted in individual pens to 1 of 2 treatments: a non-contaminated control diet (CTL) and a diet containing 1.8 mg DON/kg (CTL+DON). Upon analysis, CTL+DON also contained 1.9 mg zearalenone/kg and 1.0 mg total fumonisins/kg. On d 1, blood samples were obtained at 60, 120 and 240 min following resumed access to feed. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed thereafter and for 28 d in total. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with initial BW, sex and treatment as fixed effects, and blood parameters the repeated measures. Compared with CTL, pigs fed CTL+DON had decreased final BW (102.9 vs 87.5 kg; P < 0.001), ADG (1.06 vs 0.51 kg; P < 0.001) and ADFI (2.97 vs 1.54 kg; P < 0.001). Mycotoxins did not affect G:F (0.35 vs 0.32; P = 0.234 for CTL and CTL+DON, respectively). Compared to CTL, pigs fed CTL+DON had increased levels of blood cholecystokinin, a hormone involved in satiety and digestion (32.1 vs 43.3 pg/mL; P = 0.048), increased ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite and promotes fat deposition (345 vs 654 pg/mL; P = 0.011), a tendency for decreased blood urea nitrogen (19.6 vs 17.1 mg/dL; P = 0.076), and increased creatine kinase (2,826 vs 4,920 IU/L; P = 0.027). No treatment differences were observed for circulating creatinine, glucose, albumin, or alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, mycotoxin contamination substantially impaired feed intake and growth. Pigs offered mycotoxin-contaminated feed had altered blood parameters related to appetite regulation and nutrient metabolism. However, it was not possible to determine if these differences were due to the mycotoxin contamination or to reduced feed intake.

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Advanced Chelate Technology Based Trace Minerals Improve Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, Tibia Characteristics, and Antioxidant Status in Broiler Chickens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35494/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Ali Ghasemi ◽

Iman Hajkhodadadi ◽

Maryam Hafizi ◽

Kamran Taherpour ◽

Mohammad Hassan Nazaran

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Background: Compared to the corresponding source of inorganic trace minerals (TM), chelated supplements are characterized by better physical heterogeneity and chemical stability and appear to be better absorbed in the gut due to possibly decreased interaction with other feed components. This study was designed in broiler chickens to determine the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (TM) with an advanced chelate technology based supplement (Bonzachicken) on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia bone quality, and antioxidant status. A total of 625 male 1-d-old broiler chickens were allocated to 25 pens and assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Chelated TM (CTM) supplement was compared at 3 levels to no TM (NTM) or inorganic TM. A corn–soy-based control diet was supplemented with inorganic TM at the commercially recommended levels (ITM), i.e., iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, and chromium at 80, 92, 100, 16, 0.3, 1.2, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively, and varying concentration of CTM, i.e., match to 25, 50, and 100 % of the ITM (diets CTM25, CTM50, and CTM100, respectively). Results: All diets, except diet CTM25, increased average daily gain (ADG), European performance index (EPI), and serum total antioxidant capacity compared to the NTM diet (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the CTM100 diet had lowest overall FCR and highest BWG, EPI, tibia ash, zinc, and manganese contents (P < 0.05). The tibia phosphorus content and apparent ileal digestibilities of phosphorus, zinc, and manganese were lower in the ITM group compared with the CTM50 and CTM100 groups (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens fed any of the diets exhibited higher serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and lower malondialdehyde level than those fed the NTM diet, where the best values were found for CTM100 treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that while CTM supplementation to 25 and 50% of the commercially recommended levels could support growth performance, a totally replacing ITM by equivalent levels of CTM could also improve growth performance, bone mineralization and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under the conditions of this study.

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Full-Fat Insect Meal as a Protein and Energy Source for Weaned Piglets: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gastrointestinal Function and Microbiota

10.21203/rs.3.rs-61552/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ingrid Marie Håkenåsen ◽

Guro Holseth Grepperud ◽

Jon Øvrum Hansen ◽

Margareth Øverland ◽

Ragnhild Martinsen Ånestad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Gastrointestinal Function ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Background: Weaning is associated with growth decline and morphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract of the pig. Insects, such as the Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), are suggested as a sustainable novel protein source in diets for pigs. They contain chitin, medium chained fatty acids, and anti-microbial peptides, which could improve the gastrointestinal function and health in the post-weaning pig. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of increasing inclusion of full-fat BSFL in diets for post-weaning pigs on growth performance parameters, digestibility, gut morphology, and the microbial community in the colon. Eighty crossbred weanling pigs were weaned at approximately 32 days of age, with an average weaning weight of 10.6 ± 0.8 kg. For four weeks, the pigs were fed one of four dietary treatments: a control diet or one of three diets containing an increasing amount of full-fat BSFL meal: 4.76% (BSFL5), 9.52% (BSFL10), and 19.06% (BSFL20). Results: Increased level of full-fat BSFL in the diet did not affect growth performance or fecal consistency. A reduction in apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (P = 0.035) was found for increased inclusion of BSFL, whereas the ATTD of crude fat increased (P<0.001). Jejunal, ileal, or colonic morphometry was not affected by the BSFL inclusion. Some changes in the colon microbiota were observed, but no differences in the short-chain fatty acid concentrations were detected between the dietary treatments. At the phylum level, dietary treatment affected the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Campilobacteria, and Thermoplasmatota, but there was no clear pattern relationship with the BSFL inclusion level. At the genus level, the inclusion of BSFL in the diet reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P = 0.015) compared to the control. Conclusions: Collectively, the results indicate that up to 19.06% of full-fat BSFL meal could be included in a balanced diet for PW pigs without affecting growth performance, gut function, or health.

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Effect of reduced dietary crude protein and supplemental limiting amino acids on the growth and carcass characteristics of Swarnadhara chicks

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3417 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Beena C. Joseph ◽

Jayanaik T. Munegowda ◽

Chandrapal . ◽

K. Singh ◽

V. Malathi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Control Diet ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Carcass Parameters ◽

Limiting Amino Acids

A six-week trial was conducted to determine the effect of lowering dietary crude protein levels with supplementation of limiting amino acid on growth performance, and carcass characteristics in one of the Indian improved crossbred Swarnadhara chicks in a completely randomized design having five treatments and four replications of 20 birds in each. Five isocaloric (2800 ME Kcal//kg) experimental diets based on corn-soy bean meal were formulated in a gradual crude protein decline from 21 % (control T1) to 19% by 0.5% interval. The levels of limiting amino acids namely methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan were met as that of control (T1) by adding synthetic preparations. Highest body weight was recorded in 2% crude protein reduced group (T5) which was comparable with control (T1). However, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio of different treatments were not significantly different. Moreover, carcass parameters like dressing percentage, breast meat yield, liver and heart weights remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. Relative gizzard weight and abdominal fat weights showed variations and lower dietary protein diets were comparable with control diet (T1). In summary, crude protein content of Swarnadhara chick diet can be reduced to 19% with essential AA fortification without any adverse effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics during 0-6 weeks of age.

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