A preliminary study of protein requirements of African cattle

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Subsequent Improvement

1. A preliminary study of the protein requirements of young steers of two breeds of African cattle has been described. These requirements were assessed by studying body weight changes of groups of animals fed for 140 days on rations varying in protein content.2. There were only small differences between the breeds in their voluntary food intake while appetite seemed to be linearly related to protein content.3. The two breeds were equally efficient in food and protein utilization.4. Live-weight gain improved significantly as the protein content of the ration increased from 6 to 10%, but a further increase to 14% produced only a small subsequent improvement in growth.5. Maintenance of weight was estimated to occur at a digestible protein intake of only 48% of that recommended by Brody (1945), while the required digestible protein for one pound daily gain was in agreement with the National Research Council (1950) standard.

Studies on goat nutrition Part II. Digestible protein requirements for maintenance from balance studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. The crude protein requirement of goats for maintenance has been determined from balance studies. The requirement per kg., as found by three different methods of treatments of the balance data, is practically the same, viz. 2·63 g. crude protein.2. The digestible crude protein requirement also has been calculated, again by two different methods, and is estimated at 1·12 lb./1000 lb. body weight. This value is undoubtedly very much higher than the value (0·65 lb./1000 lb.) obtained previously from the endogenous urinary nitrogen determinations alone.3. The dry-matter requirement of goat per 100 lb. live weight has been determined. Calculated on the basis of live weight raised to the power 0·734, the requirement was found to be 2·6 lb./100 lb.

EFFECT OF THE USE OF FEED FROM BARLEY AND PEAS ON MEAT BULLS PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kosolapov ◽  
Halyaf Ishmuratov ◽  
Valentina Kosolapova ◽  
Zinaida Zverkova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Reconnaissance experiments were conducted to evaluate the productive effect of diets for young cattle. The diets consist of silage prepared from peas and barley in the ratio of 50: 50 and 25: 75, as well as from crushed grain these crops. Mixed crop cultivation is recommended for use in feed production. The average daily gain in live weight of gobies grown on such diets is 927–996 g, slaughter yield is up to 58.8%, and the protein content in the longest muscle of the back is 21.93–23.63%.

EFFECT OF PLANES OF NUTRITION ON WINTERING PREGNANT BEEF COWS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Jordan ◽  
E. E. Lister ◽  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Level I ◽  
Four Levels

During each of 4 years, 32 Shorthorn cows were individually fed at four levels during winter pregnancy and barn-nursing: (I) ad libitum corn silage plus 1.0 kg mixed hay per 100 kg initial body weight, daily; (II), (III) and (IV) approximately 80, 60 and 40%, respectively, of level-I intake. Half of the cows on each level received 0.45 kg linseed oilmeal (LOM) per head, daily, and half of both the LOM and no-LOM cows received supplemental vitamin A (84,000 IU per head, weekly). Considering only non-supplemented cows, levels of digestible protein and total digestible nutrients recommended by the National Research Council (U.S.) for winter-pregnancy feeding of beef cows were between levels I and II. During barn-nursing, even level-I cows fed LOM were substandard in relation to NRC recommendations.Average daily weight changes (ADWC) during both pregnancy and barn-nursing differed significantly (P < 0.05) and directly with decreasing levels of feed. ADWC’s on pasture also differed significantly (P < 0.05) but inversely with decreasing levels of winter feed. Aggregate yearly ADWC’s were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for level IV than for the other three levels. There was no significant (P > 0.05) interaction between LOM supplementation and level of feeding in relation to ADWC at any time. During pregnancy, LOM supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) decreased weight losses, whereas during the pasture season cows previously supplemented with LOM gained significantly (P < 0.05) less. There was no effect of LOM supplementation on ADWC during barn-nursing or aggregate yearly ADWC. No effect of vitamin A supplementation on ADWC or reproduction was noted.The results indicate that pregnant beef cows can lose substantial amounts of flesh during winter feeding and recover satisfactorily on pasture, although level-IV cows were at or below the limit for full weight recovery. Level-I cows were excessively fat throughout the experiment.

Use of choice-feeding methodology to determine the optimum dietary protein concentration for intensively-reared lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
H.W. Morris ◽  
N.G. Haggis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Lamb Growth

Feeding lambs a single ration, with a fixed protein:energy ratio, from weaning until slaughter will incur inefficiencies of protein utilisation if protein requirements (relative to energy requirements) vary with stage of growth. Kyriazakis and Oldham (1992) have demonstrated the ability of sheep to select systematically between diets of low and high protein content. The objective of this experiment was to use a choice-feeding methodology to identify optimum dietary protein concentrations at different stages of lamb growth.Eighty Suffolk cross-bred lambs were weaned at 6 weeks of age, blocked by sex and then live weight and allocated at random (within block) amongst 16 pens. Pens were allocated at random to one of two dietary regimens: SINGLE (concentrate containing 200g CP/kg as-fed) or CHOICE (free choice between concentrates containing 170 or 230g CP/kg as-fed).

Effects of dietary protein content and feeding level on carcass characteristics and organ weights of Iberian pigs growing between 50 and 100 kg live weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barea ◽  
R. Nieto ◽  
L. Lara ◽  
M.A. García ◽  
M.A. Vílchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractThe effects of dietary protein content and level of feeding on carcass characteristics and organ weights were studied in castrated male Iberian pigs growing from 50 to 100 kg live weight (LW). Animals were offered four diets providing 145, 120, 95 and 70 g ideal crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM) and 13·94, 14·29, 14·56 and 14·83 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg DM, respectively. Three levels of feeding were assayed: 0·60, 0·80 and 0·95 of ad libitum intake. The pigs were slaughtered at 100 kg LW. Daily gain in carcass (carcass gain, g/day) and protein deposition (PD, g/day) in this component attained 76·2% and 78·8% of whole-body average daily gain and PD, respectively. Carcass gain improved with each decrease in dietary CP from 145 up to 120 g/kg DM and then levelled off. A small but significant effect of dietary CP on carcass composition was observed, due to an enhanced fat deposition in pigs fed the lowest protein content diet. Mean values of protein, fat, ash and water contents in the carcass were 101·8, 522·7, 27·6 and 353·7 g/kg respectively. PD in the eviscerated carcass was not affected significantly by dietary protein level but tended to reach a maximum value with the diet that provided 95 g CP per kg DM: 55·7 g/day at the highest feeding level assayed. Carcass energy retention (MJ/day) increased significantly (P<0·001) with decreasing dietary protein supply and on increasing level of feeding. Raising feed intake resulted in a significant decrease for carcass and a concomitant increase for viscera, as proportions of empty body weight (P<0·05 andP<0·001, respectively). Proportional weights of shoulder and ham were not affected either by dietary CP content or feeding level. Proportionate weights of dissectable fat in the shoulder and intermuscular and subcutaneous fat in the ham were not affected by CP content of the diet. In contrast, intermuscular fat content of ham was increased by feeding level (P<0·05), likely with implications for the quality of the cured meat product.

scholarly journals PALATABILITY OF PASTURE FORAGE AND PROVISION OF MILK DROMEDARY CAMELS IN NUTRIENTS

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
N.N. Alibayev ◽  
A. Baimukanov ◽  
Z.T. Yessembekova ◽  
M.N. Yermakhanov ◽  
Zh. Tuleubayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of the research is to determine the amount and nutritional value of pasture forage eaten by dromedary camels on saltwort pastures. As the results of the experiments showed, adult female camels consumed, on average, over three years, 19.2 kg of sagebrush-saltwort-herb pasture pasture food of the above-described saltwort pasture with an initial moisture content of 35.7% and a nutritional value of 0.44 feed units, 4.96 MJ of exchange energy , 50 g digestible protein, 2.92 g calcium, 0.73 g phosphorus and 27 mg carotene in 1 kg of pasture feed at natural moisture. Adult single female camels with live weight in the range of 530-550 kg in the indicated amount of pasture forage (19.2 kg) consumed an average of 12.29 kg of dry matter, which contained 8.45 forage units, 95.23 MJ of metabolizable energy, 960 g of digestible protein, 56.06 g of calcium, 14.01 g of phosphorus and 518.4 mg of carotene. The actual provision in digestible protein was 115.8%, as they consume 960 g at a rate of 829 g, which indicates good grazing and forage conditions of saltwort pastures. The indicated feeding level of single female camels provided the animals with the average daily gain of 670 g. On a similar type of saltwort pastures, a 1.5 year old young camel stock with an average live weight of 265 kg consumed about 11.5 kg of pasture forage, which contained 7.36 kg of dry matter, 5.06 forage units, 57.04 MJ of metabolizable energy , 575 g of digestible protein, 33.6 g of calcium, 8.4 g of phosphorus, and 310 mg of carotene. At the same time, the average daily gain of the experimental young stock for the grazing period is 620 g.

Use of choice-feeding methodology to determine the optimum dietary protein concentration for intensively-reared lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
H.W. Morris ◽  
N.G. Haggis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Lamb Growth

Feeding lambs a single ration, with a fixed protein:energy ratio, from weaning until slaughter will incur inefficiencies of protein utilisation if protein requirements (relative to energy requirements) vary with stage of growth. Kyriazakis and Oldham (1992) have demonstrated the ability of sheep to select systematically between diets of low and high protein content. The objective of this experiment was to use a choice-feeding methodology to identify optimum dietary protein concentrations at different stages of lamb growth.Eighty Suffolk cross-bred lambs were weaned at 6 weeks of age, blocked by sex and then live weight and allocated at random (within block) amongst 16 pens. Pens were allocated at random to one of two dietary regimens: SINGLE (concentrate containing 200g CP/kg as-fed) or CHOICE (free choice between concentrates containing 170 or 230g CP/kg as-fed).

CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF FAMILIES OF RED WHITE BELTED PIGS IN SE «RF ZORYANE» BREEDING FARM

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
L. V. Onishchenko ◽  
M. I. Danilchuk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Appraisal Index ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Compactness Index

The most perspective genotype in our region is Red White-belted breed, which has high performance both under pure breeding and under crossing with other breeds. The results of complex evaluation of Red White-belted swine of the herd bred in SE "RF Zoryane" breeding farm are presented. It was revealed that animals of the farm comply with elite class and the first class. The main breeding boars used at the farm belong to such genealogical lines: Deviz, Division, Dantist, Debut, and Dobryak. In the structure of the herd, the most numerous was Dobryak line, which part was 58.8%, Division, Debut, Devis lines – 11.8% per line, Dantist line – 5.8%. The herd sows belong to 7 families: Drabowka, Dekada, Dyktsiya, Doina, Dylema, Delta, Dogma. Average prolificacy of the sows was 10.0 piglets. Litter weight at 60 days’ age was 181.0 kg, and live weight of piglet – 19.0 kg. The performance of sows as prolificacy increased by 0.6 head on average. The complex appraisal index for the herd was 104.1 points. The average daily gain of the replacement pigs was 570 g. The highest daily gain was from five to six months – 611.2 g, and the figure of compactness index characterized a certain elongation of animals, increasing meat traits. Further work with Red White-belted breed aims at preserving and expanding the breeding base and genealogical structure, as well as increasing the reproductive, fattening and meat traits.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

Effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for piglets on their performance and apparent digestibility of phosphorus

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beers ◽  
A. W. Jongbloed
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Aspergillus Niger Phytase

AbstractA total of 384 piglets from a three-way cross Yorkshire ♂ × (Finnish Landrace ♂ × Dutch Landrace♀) ♀ in the live-weight range of 11 to 25 kg were used in a feeding trial. The effect of supplementary microbial phytase from Aspergillus niger var. Van Tieghem on performance (average daily gain (ADG), average daily food intake (ADFI) and food conversion ratio (FCR)) and apparent digestibility of total phosphorus (P), in comparison with a non-supplemented basal diet or a diet supplemented with one or two levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP), were studied.The piglets were allotted to 12 blocks. Within each block, four experimental diets were offered ad libitum for a period of 4 weeks i.e. (1) basal diet; (2) basal diet + 1·0 g P, from MCP per kg diet; (3) basal diet + 1·9 g P, from MCP per kg diet; and (4) basal diet + 1450 phytase units (PTU) per kg diet. The diets, with added chromium III oxide as a marker, were cold pelleted without steam at a temperature not above 60°C to avoid a possible inactivation of the phytase. In all diets the ratio calcium: digestible P was intended to be constant.Adding 1450 PTU of Aspergillus niger phytase enhanced the apparent digestibility of P by proportionately 0·216 when compared with diet 1 and by proportionately 0·100 compared with diet 3. In addition, significantly higher ADG and ADFI and better FCR were noted in pigs receiving supplementary microbial phytase than in pigs on any other treatment. The content of digestible P of the diet with added phytase, however, zvas between the two levels of the diets with added MCP.

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