Effect of early weaning at about 30 days after farrowing on the reproductive characteristics in gilts and sows

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Shimizu ◽  
Saburo Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Heat Period

SUMMARYRecords have been analysed from a small herd in which early weaning was practised. Piglets were weaned when average weight was 7–8 kg, at about 30 days old. Decreased feeding of sows, followed by a short period of fasting, was practised at weaning.Mean duration of suckling was 31·5 days and mean interval from weaning to oestrus 6·0 days. 93% of sows conceived to service at the first or second heat period. Mean farrowing interval for all sows was 159·7 days (151·9 days for those holding to the first service). Corresponding annual farrowing frequencies, calculated from these figures, are 2·29 and 2·40.Litter sizes at birth and at weaning were 10·7 and 9·3; corresponding weights of piglets were 1·74 and 7·99 kg. With increase of litter sequence there was a significant decrease of weaning weights; however, there was also an increase in size of litter weaned. Seasonal changes of piglet weight were also found. Early weaning can be considered a useful way to increase production.

scholarly journals Rural women empowerment through small scale poultry farming: A case study of Vattamkulam model, Malappuram

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
S. L. Gayathri ◽  
M. Muhammed Asif
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Short Period

Abstract: The Animal husbandry department of Kerala and local self-government department and Kudumbashree mission has started a plan during 2018-19 entitled “Backyard broiler farming” at Vattamkulam Gramapanchayath, Edappal, Malappuram district. The said plan was advertised as ‘Earn money at your doorstep through broiler farming’ and was welcomed by more than 40 household women. The farmers who owned a land area, not less than 10 cents were selected for this model. The local self- Government provided the shelter arrangements including cages for free of cost. The Animal husbandry department has supplied chicks (Day old Cobb varieties) and feed and aided Kudumbashree unit to market these broilers. The speciality of broiler farming is that within a short period (35 – 40 days) a chick gains an average weight of 2 – 2.3 kg, which can be sold at market to earn a reasonable margin of profit for farmers. The usual mortality rate was 5% for broiler farming, but it was less than 2 % in this model. Modified vaccination protocol against the viral disease Gumboro (I.B.D), has been adopted for this model to reduce the mortality rate. Also, antibiotics as feed additives were not supplemented in this model. Within 40 days, these women entrepreneurs are getting a good profit from meat production alone. This broiler meat is marketed under the brand name of Vattamkulam Safe Chicken. The Vattamkulam backyard broiler farming helps the household women support themselves and provide safe and quality meat to society in which they belong. Keywords: Women empowerment, Vattamkulam Model, Broiler farming

Seasonal changes in body composition of the arctic ground squirrel, Citellus undulatus

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Galster ◽  
Peter Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Glucose Synthesis ◽  
Arctic Ground Squirrels

The depletion or accumulation of body reserves is followed in terms of the weight and proportion of lipid, protein, water, and minerals in arctic ground squirrels during the entry, deep, and emergent phases of the hibernation season and after the reproductive phase of the active season. Average weight increased slowly through the summer, from a minimum of 346 g, until mid-August when 190 g accumulated in 3 weeks to be used subsequently during the 220-day hibernation season beginning in mid-September. During hibernation, the 325-g loss in weight represents 62% lipid, 26% water, 9% protein, and 2% mineral. Fat in lipid provides most of the energy but insufficient amounts of carbon for glucose synthesis during hibernation. However, protein provides an adequate gluconeogenic reserve. Significant loss of mineral indicates that skeletal reserves of calcium are important during hibernation. After hibernation, continued loss of weight by females indicates further utilization of reserves during gestation and nursing.

Asynchronous breeding in red brocket deer (Mazama americana): seasonal changes in male reproductive characteristics, seminal parameters, androgen levels, and antler cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Ricardo José Garcia Pereira ◽  
Roberta Martins Crivelaro ◽  
Yuki Tanaka ◽  
Marcel Henrique Blank ◽  
José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
Antler Cycle ◽  
Androgen Levels ◽  
Brocket Deer ◽  
Mazama Americana

scholarly journals The Temporal Dynamics of Rumen Microbiota in Early Weaned Lambs

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Shiqin Wang ◽  
Jianmin Chai ◽  
Guohong Zhao ◽  
Naifeng Zhang ◽  
Kai Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Weaning affects the development of ruminal bacteria in lambs during early life. However, the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota in early weaned lambs is unknown compared to conventionally weaned lambs. In this study, one group was reared with their dams (control, CON) and conventionally weaned at 49 days (d), while the other lambs were weaned at 21 d (early weaning, EW) using starter. Rumen microbial samples collected at 26, 35, and 63 d were used for next-generation sequencing. Here, we found that the abundance and diversity of rumen microbiota in EW were significantly lower at 26 and 35 d than the CON. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to identify the signature microbiota for EW at these three ages. At 26 d, Prevotella 7, Syntrophococcus, Sharpea, Dialister, Pseudoscardovia, and Megasphaera in the rumen of the EW group had greater relative abundances. At 35 d, the Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group was enriched in CON. On 63 d, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002 was abundant in EW. Syntrophococcus and Megaspheaera in EW lambs were abundant at 26 and 35 d, but kept similar to CON at 63 d. The relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002 at all-time points was consistently higher in the EW group. In conclusion, early weaning led to a significant decrease in rumen microbiota richness and diversity in the short term. The changes in rumen microbiota are associated with the persistence of weaning stress. The temporal dynamics of relative abundances of Syntrophococcus, Megasphaera, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 reflect the weaning stress over a short period and rumen recovery after early weaning.

scholarly journals Metabolic and reproductive characteristics of replacement beef heifers subjected to an early-weaning regimen involving high-concentrate feeding

animal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Zezeski ◽  
V.L. McCracken ◽  
R.K. Poole ◽  
A. Al Naib ◽  
J.K. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Weaning ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics

scholarly journals Seasonal Cyclical Changes in the Thymus of the Mallard

1947 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
E. O. HÖHN
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Average Weight

1. The thymi of fifty-seven adult mallards killed at regular intervals were weighed and examined histologically for seasonal changes. Six immature birds were used for comparison. 2. The thymus of immature mallards is about ten times heavier than that of adults. 3. Shortly after the end of the breeding season the thymus of both sexes shows a significant enlargement, and for a period of about 4 weeks thymus weights are of the order of ten times the average weight for other times of the year. Characteristic histological appearances are described for the two periods. 4. This seasonal regeneration of the thymus is interpreted as being due to the temporary cessation of an inhibitory effect exerted by the sex hormones. 5. In two cases of disease of other tissues the thymus was considerably below average in weight.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in recombination rate, crossover interference, and their response to desiccation stress in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster from India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dau Dayal Aggarwal ◽  
Sviatoslav Rybnikov ◽  
Shaul Sapielkin ◽  
Eugenia Rashkovetsky ◽  
Zeev Frenkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Seasonal Adaptation ◽  
Crossover Interference ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Independent Marker

AbstractEnvironmental seasonality is a potent evolutionary force, capable to maintain polymorphism, promote phenotypic plasticity, and cause bet-hedging. In Drosophila, it has been reported to affect life-history traits, tolerance to abiotic stressors, and immunity. Oscillations in frequencies of alleles underlying fitness-related traits were also documented alongside SNP alleles across genome. Here, we test for seasonal changes in recombination in a natural D. melanogaster population from India using morphological markers of the three major chromosomes. We show that winter flies (collected after the dry season) have significantly higher desiccation tolerance than their autumn counterparts. This difference proved to hold also for hybrids with three independent marker stocks, suggesting its genetic rather than plastic nature. Significant segment-specific changes are documented for recombination rate (in five of 13 intervals) and crossover interference (in five of 16 studied pairs of intervals); both single- and double-crossover rates tended to increase in the winter cohort. The winter flies also display weaker plasticity of recombination characteristics to desiccation. We ascribe the observed differences to indirect selection on recombination caused by directional selection on desiccation tolerance. Our findings suggest that changes in recombination can arise even after a short period of seasonal adaptation (~8–10 generations).

scholarly journals Weight gain, dyslipidemia and altered parameters for metabolic syndrome on first episode psychotic patients after six-month follow-up

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Attux ◽  
Maria Inês Quintana ◽  
Ana Cristina Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Short Period

OBJECTIVES: Obesity and metabolic abnormalities are frequent in psychotic patients, including first-episode psychosis. We evaluated weight and metabolic parameters in first-episode psychotic outpatients from the First Episode Psychosis Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHOD: Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, glucose and lipid levels were measured at baseline and after a six-month period. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were included and 44 (77.2%) of them finished the study. Patients had a median age of 26.3 years, 60% were men and 43% had a diagnosis of schizophrenia at the endpoint. Weight and BMI values increased significantly during the follow-up (p < 0.01). The average weight gain at the follow-up was 10.1% of the baseline weight (SD = 11.9). Only women presented significant waist abnormalities: at the first assessment the waist mean was 79.12 cm (SD = 10.68) and 6 months later it had increased to 89.65 cm (SD = 11.19, z = -3.182, p = 0.001). After 6 months, the total cholesterol (p = 0.004), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.016) increased, while HDL-cholesterol levels decreased (p = 0.025). During the follow-up period one patient (2.3%) developed diabetes mellitus, one (2.3%) presented altered fasting glucose, 12 (27.2%) patients developed at least two altered parameters for metabolic syndrome and 3 (6.8%) patients developed metabolic syndrome (p = 0.001). DISCUSSION: The results of this study showed that in a short period of time individuals under antipsychotic treatment had their weight increased significantly and developed important metabolic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of these risks, choose an antipsychotic that causes less weight gain and should monitor these patients carefully, and recommend prophylactic measures as diet restriction and physical activities.

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN KANDIDAT PROBIOTIK Bacillus methylothrophicus SECARA BERKALA PADA MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femy Musthofa Ardy ◽  
Desrina Desrina ◽  
Alfabetian Harjuno Condro Haditomo
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Short Period

Aeromonas hydrophila is a bacteria that causes of MAS disease (motile aeromonad septicemia) in freshwater fish cultivation and can cause mass death in a fairly short period of time in some species including tilapia. There are several alternative strategies in prevention, one of which is the use of probiotic bacteria as agents for controlling or preventing this disease. One candidate for probiotics that has been molecularly identified as 16sRNA and is known to have the ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria is B. methylotrhrophicus. The aim of this research was to study B.methylotrophicus in inhibiting  A. hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus culture. This research consisted of in vitro and in vivo test that used experiment method with completely randomized design with 4 treatments (density of 1 fishes/l) and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of a mixture of A. hydrophila 102 CFU/mL with B. methylotrophicus 109 CFU/mL (a) without addition of B. methylotrophicus (b) Addition every 3 days, (c) Addition every 5 days, (d) Addition every 7 day. 120 fishes at average weight of 17,5±1,9 g was used as experimental animals. Based on the in vitro test, the most powerful concentration of B. methylotrophicus to inhibit A. hydrophila was 109 cfu/mL with clear zone of 24,9±4,2 mm. In vivo tests show that the addition of B. methylotrophicus periodecally does not significantly affect survival rates, but can slow the gowth of A. hydrophila. Treatment D showed the highest survival rate (13.33%), followed by treatment A (6.66%), B (3.33%), and C (3.33%). These results indicate that B.methylotrophicus can prevent the gowth of A. hydrophila in vitro, and can increase SR by 6.66% in the in vivo test.

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