Genetic relations between carcass fat and body weight in mice

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Body Weights

Three different stocks of mice were selected for five generations for high body weight at 3, 4½, or 6 weeks of age. Changes in body weight at the three ages and in abdominal fat weight, an index of carcass composition, which occurred in the three lines were compared. It was found that the proportion of fat in the carcasses of the selected animals increased markedly in the lines selected for high 3-week weight, while in the other two lines the proportion remained the same as that in the control line.The theoretical treatment of the genetic relationship between body weights at different ages and between body weight and abdominal fat was reasonably adequate in accounting for the correlated responses actually observed.

scholarly journals Effects of selection for independent changes in two highly correlated body weight traits of mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McCarthy ◽  
D. P. Doolittle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Independent Culling ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Highly Correlated

SUMMARYMice were selected for high and low body weight at 5 and at 10 weeks of age. Selection was performed (1) separately for each trait, and (2) for various combinations of the two traits, using (a) independent culling levels and (b) restricted indices. Two-way selection for each trait separately gave large responses and correlated responses. Selection by independent culling levels intended to increase 5-week weight while restricting change in 10-week weight gave no demonstrable response; selection by culling levels intended to decrease 5-week weight while restricting change in 10-week weight resulted in decreases in body weights at both ages. Index selection, intended to change weight at one age while holding that at the other age constant, was generally successful. Observed responses did not conform very well with predicted responses for either index or culling levels selection. The significance of these observations in regard to the problem of selection involving restriction of traits is discussed.

Body weights, carcass characteristics, fat content, and their relationships in ganders of the Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains, and Embden-sired strain crosses

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
J. N. B. Shrestha ◽  
A. A. Grunder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Chinese Strain ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Fat

In 1986, 247 ganders of the Selected Chinese and Selected Synthetic strains, and Large Embden and Small Embden- sired strain crosses at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research in Ottawa, Canada, were evaluated. The Chinese and Synthetic (developed from the Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian) strains had been selected for four generations to increase egg production over a 24-wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and simultaneously decrease total fat content. Two Embden strains, Large and Small, denoting contrasting body sizes, had been imported from the United States of America for potential use in crossbreeding as terminal sire strains. Strains and strain crosses were ranked from high to low, for body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age, liveweight at slaughter and eviscerated carcass weight. Large Embden × Selected Chinese were largest followed by Small Embden × Selected Synthetic and Small Embden × Selected Chinese strain crosses, in turn followed by the Selected Chinese and Selected Synthetic strains. Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different except for body weight at 9 wk of age and eviscerated carcass weight. The Large Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross had a dressing percent of 63, significantly higher than 60–61% for the remaining strains or strain crosses. In general, the ranking of strains and strain crosses for liver weight was similar to rankings for body weights, except that the Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different from the Selected Chinese strain, and the Small and Large Embden-sired Selected Chinese crosses had similar liver weight. The Selected Synthetic strain had a significantly smaller neck than that of the other strains and strain crosses; Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different. Large Embden × Selected Chinese and Small Embden × Selected Synthetic strain crosses and the Selected Chinese strain had similar neck weight. When fat was expressed as a percentage of carcass weight, the strains and strain crosses had similar proportion of abdominal fat. On the other hand the Large Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross had significantly more intestinal fat (4.83%) than any of the strains and strain crosses (2.97 to 3.73%) and a similar proportion of total fat (10.87%) to the Small Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross (8.79%) but significantly more than the remaining strains and strain crosses (7.53 to 8.20%). The correlations of body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age with eviscerated carcass weight (0.65 and 0.90), abdominal fat weight (0.32 and 0.59), intestinal fat weight (0.27 and 0.55) and total fat weight (0.23 and 0.47) were deemed potentially useful. The correlations between percentage of fat parameters and body weights were low (0.20 a n d 0.37) or negligible. The inherent potential in the large-bodied Embden strain for growth can complement the small-bodied Selected Chinese strain that excels in egg production, fertility and hatchability to produce a strain cross with considerable promise for commercial production of goose meat. Key words: Chinese strain, Synthetic strain, Embden strain, body weights, abdominal and intestinal fat

DIRECT GENETIC AND POSTNATAL MATERNAL GENETIC EFFECTS ON BODY COMPOSITION IN MICE SELECTED FOR BODY WEIGHT

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hayes ◽  
E. J. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Water Percent

Line crossfostering techniques were used to study differences among selected and control lines of mice in direct genetic and postnatal maternal genetic influences on preweaning (day 12) body weight and composition. The lines were selected for high (H6) and low (L6) 6-week body weight and the control line (C2) was maintained by random selection. There were positive correlated responses to selection in both direct genetic and postnatal maternal genetic effects on body weight and weights of all body components (P < 0.01) except for water and ash weight in H6. The correlated responses in postnatal maternal genetic effects were of the same order of magnitude as those in direct genetic effects. Correlated responses were greater in L6 than in H6. Correlated responses in direct genetic effects were positive (P < 0.01) for water percent in H6 and ether extract percent in L6, and negative (P < 0.01) for water percent and lean percent in L6. Correlated responses in postnatal maternal genetic effects were positive for ether extract percent and negative for water percent (P < 0.01). Correlated responses were far greater in L6 than in H6 and were greater for postnatal maternal genetic effects than for direct genetic effects. Analyses of covariance results indicated line differences in the relative growth rates of the body components.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER’ AGE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS COMPONENTS TRAITS OF BERBER BREED LAMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407
Author(s):  
S. Atroun ◽  
C. Aissaoui ◽  
S. Smeti ◽  
N. Atti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6M group gained 8.67 kg in BW. The carcasses were heavier for 6M than 4M. The carcass commercial yields were 42% and 45% for 4M and 6M groups, respectively, resulting in 4.1 kg gain of meat during 2 months. The tissular (muscle, fat and bone) and the regional (leg, shoulder …) carcass composition did not differ among groups. All organs were heavier for 6M than 4M; however, their proportion in the empty body weight were variables. The BWand carcass gain at six months are encouraging to prolong the lamb’s slaughter age without carcass composition difference given the similar fat proportion in the carcass of both groups.

scholarly journals  Body conformation, carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory properties of meat from pheasants of different origin

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kokoszyński ◽  
Z. Bernacki ◽  
Ł. Duszyński
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Water Holding

Mongolian &times; Versicolor and common pheasants were investigated. Birds were kept in a confined, environmentally controlled facility without outdoor access and fed ad libitum commercial diets for slaughter pheasants. Body weight was determined at the end of 6, 10 and 13 weeks of rearing, and body weight and body measurements were determined in 16-week-old pheasants. At 16 weeks, 20 pheasants were taken from each genetic group for slaughter. After slaughter, pH<sub>15</sub> of muscles was determined and carcasses were dissected. Samples of breast and leg muscles were collected to determine water holding capacity, colour, and sensory properties of meat. Compared to common pheasants, Mongolian &times; Versicolor hybrids were characterized by similar body weight and body measurements except for length of trunk with neck in females. The carcasses of Mongolian &times; Versicolor pheasants of both sexes contained more breast muscles, leg muscles, skin with subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat. Differences in the values of these traits were not significant. Significant differences in the composition of carcasses from the groups under comparison were only found for the content of skin with subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat content in females, which were significantly higher (P &le; 0.05) in Mongolian &times; Versicolor females. The leg muscles had significantly higher pH<sub>15 </sub>in Mongolian &times; Versicolor females and significantly lower (P &le; 0.05) redness (a*) in males. Compared to the common pheasants, the breast muscles of Mongolian &times; Versicolor pheasants received lower scores for aroma and tenderness and higher scores for taste, whereas leg muscles had higher scores for intensity of aroma and taste, and lower scores for taste and tenderness. &nbsp; &nbsp;

THE RESPONSE OF TURKEY BROILERS TO THE USE OF FLAVOMYCIN AS A GROWTH PROMOTER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
E. D. JACKSON ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Body Weights

Three thousand six hundred turkey poults were used to determine the effects of flavomycin as a growth promoter when incorporated in feed at levels of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mg kg−1. There were no significant (P > 0.05) treatment effects on mortality, carcass composition and monetary indices (economic gain) at 28, 56 and 84 d of age or upon body weights at 56 and 84 d of age. A significant (P < 0.001) effect for body weight was demonstrated at 28 d but was attributed to the lighter weight of poults fed the 6 mg flavomycin kg−1 diet. Similarly, feed conversion up to 28 d was significantly (P <0.001) improved for some treatment levels but this did not persist to 56 or 84 d of age. It is concluded that flavomycin is not effective as a growth promoter under all circumstances of turkey production, particularly those where optimum diets are coupled with modern housing and health management. Key words: Flavomycin, bambermycins, growth promoter, turkey broilers

RESPONSE OF MALE AND FEMALE BROILERS TO DIET PROTEIN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
L. J. CASTON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Breast Meat Yield ◽  
Protein Diets

Two experiments were conducted to note the broilers' response to graded levels of dietary protein (CP). Female birds were fed one of six diet series ranging from 22–20–18 to 18–18–16% CP from 0–21 days, 21–35 days and 35–42 days, respectively. Males were fed diet series from 28–24–22 to 20–18–16 over the same time periods (Table 1). Each diet program was tested with four replicate groups of 60 birds. Body weight and feed intake were monitored at time of feed change-over and at termination of experiment. Twenty birds per replicate were used for carcass analyses. Females were heavier when diets of higher protein content were offered (P < 0.05). These birds consumed more feed (P < 0.05) but exhibited feed efficiency that was not different to birds fed diets of lower protein content. Carcass weight and breast meat yield were not influenced by diet, although higher-protein diet series resulted in reduced proportional abdominal fat pad size (P < 0.01). Diet protein had no effect on body weight of male birds at 42 d (P > 0.05). Male birds reared on a program involving die lowest CP levels of 20–18–16 exhibited inferior feed utilization relative to birds from most other treatments (P < 0.05). Programs with low-protein diets for males resulted in reduced carcass weight, reduced breast meat yield and increased abdominal fat deposition (P < 0.05). It is concluded that male birds can be reared on very low protein diets without loss of weight, although carcass quality will be inferior. Female broilers are heavier when diet protein intake is increased through use of diets with higher protein content. Key words: Broiler, diet protein, performance, carcass composition

Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of growth of Peking ducklings under Egyptian conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Gh. A. El-Sayiad ◽  
I. F. M. Marai ◽  
E. A. Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Retarded Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Growth Character ◽  
Successive Generations

SummaryPeking ducklings were classified at 6 weeks of age according to their body weights in two categories: R, below the overall mean of the flock which were considered as retarded growth; and L, those of body weight equal to the overall mean and above which were considered as large. From each group, males and females were chosen to be parents of the next generation in a ratio 1:5 at 6 months of age and four systems of matings were conducted: RR, LL, RL and LR.At all ages studied the large ducklings were significantly heavier than retarded growth ones and had significantly greater body gain, during the two successive generations.The RL and LR matings were heavier than the RR and LL groups at the different ages studied, indicating an effect of heterosis and that the retarded growth character is controlled by few pairs of genes. The differences due to mating systems were not significant either in body weight or body gain, except in body weight at 18 and 24 weeks and relative gain at 6 weeks of age in which the differences were significant (P <0·05) in the second generation.The other environmental factors studied were sex, month of hatch and 6-week body weight.Heritability estimates were 0·489, 0·509, 0·576, 0·346, 0·713, 0·809, 0·651 and 0·386 for body weight at hatch 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18 and 24 weeks of age, respectively, using the data which were adjusted for the effects of sex, month of hatch, 6-week body weight and mating system. The same estimates were 0·482, 0·554, 0·578, 0·352, 0·713, 0·808, 0·650 and 0·386, respectively, using the same data but adjusted for month of hatch and sex only.Phenotypic and genetic correlations between body weights at different ages for the two sets of data were estimated. The phenotypic correlations were negative between body weight at hatch and each of the body weights at 16 and 18 weeks of age for the two corrected sets of data. The genetic correlations were negative between hatch weight and each of the other body weights for the two adjusted sets of data and between body weight at 4 weeks of age and each of the body weights at 16, 18 and 24 weeks only for the first set of data. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between the body weights in older birds were highly positive.

Predicted and realized responses to selection for an index of bone length and body weight in Scottish Blackface sheep 2. Correlated responses in lifetime productivity

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Atkins ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACTA selection experiment with Scottish Blackface sheep was used to compare predicted and realized correlated responses to selection. Three lines were maintained between 1956 and 1974 in which selection was either at random or for high and low values of an index of cannon-bone length at 8 weeks of age adjusted for body weight at the same age.There was no evidence of asymmetrical responses in any trait. Selection for increased cannon-bone length, adjusted for body weight, resulted in (i) increased body weights at all ages between birth and maturity, (ii) increased reproduction rate, principally from increased litter size but also from small responses in ewe fertility and lamb survival and (iii) decreased survival of adult ewes. The realized genetic correlations were relatively small (up to 0·3) but mostly significantly different from zero, whereas base population genetic correlation estimates were very imprecise. The realized responses in reproduction rate were probably a consequence of the genetic response in body weight.

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