Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of growth of Peking ducklings under Egyptian conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Gh. A. El-Sayiad ◽  
I. F. M. Marai ◽  
E. A. Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Retarded Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Growth Character ◽  
Successive Generations

SummaryPeking ducklings were classified at 6 weeks of age according to their body weights in two categories: R, below the overall mean of the flock which were considered as retarded growth; and L, those of body weight equal to the overall mean and above which were considered as large. From each group, males and females were chosen to be parents of the next generation in a ratio 1:5 at 6 months of age and four systems of matings were conducted: RR, LL, RL and LR.At all ages studied the large ducklings were significantly heavier than retarded growth ones and had significantly greater body gain, during the two successive generations.The RL and LR matings were heavier than the RR and LL groups at the different ages studied, indicating an effect of heterosis and that the retarded growth character is controlled by few pairs of genes. The differences due to mating systems were not significant either in body weight or body gain, except in body weight at 18 and 24 weeks and relative gain at 6 weeks of age in which the differences were significant (P <0·05) in the second generation.The other environmental factors studied were sex, month of hatch and 6-week body weight.Heritability estimates were 0·489, 0·509, 0·576, 0·346, 0·713, 0·809, 0·651 and 0·386 for body weight at hatch 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18 and 24 weeks of age, respectively, using the data which were adjusted for the effects of sex, month of hatch, 6-week body weight and mating system. The same estimates were 0·482, 0·554, 0·578, 0·352, 0·713, 0·808, 0·650 and 0·386, respectively, using the same data but adjusted for month of hatch and sex only.Phenotypic and genetic correlations between body weights at different ages for the two sets of data were estimated. The phenotypic correlations were negative between body weight at hatch and each of the body weights at 16 and 18 weeks of age for the two corrected sets of data. The genetic correlations were negative between hatch weight and each of the other body weights for the two adjusted sets of data and between body weight at 4 weeks of age and each of the body weights at 16, 18 and 24 weeks only for the first set of data. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between the body weights in older birds were highly positive.

scholarly journals Estimation of phenotypic and genetic trends of the growth traits in Lipska and Svrljig sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-749
Author(s):  
V. Caro-Petrovic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
Z. Ilic ◽  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
First Time ◽  
Genetic Trends ◽  
Birth Type

Some phenotypic and genetic trends on growth traits of lambs are observed. The research implicated lambs of two local breeds of sheep: Lipska (LP) and Svrljig (SV). All lambs were weighed for the first time at birth (BWB), and thereafter, regularly in two-week intervals. On the basis of the results during weighing the body weight (BW) were adjusted to the average age: 30 (BW30), 60 (BW60) and 90 days (BW90). Results of the effect of genotype on growth showed a significant effect on the growth traits. Sex of lambs had a significant effect at birth and very significant effect at 30 days, but had no significant effect on weight at 60 (BW60) and 90 (BW90) days. Birth type had significant effect on the body weight from birth to weaning and the highest body weights were recorded in singles. Phenotypic correlations were positive and very highly significant between the growth traits. Genetic correlations were significant, but not between all observed ages of lambs.

scholarly journals GENETIC AND NON GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR BODY WEIGHTS OF TWO IRAQI LOCAL CHICKNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermiz & Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Positive Definiteness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Local Chickens

This study aimed to investigate the genetic parameters for body weights of White and Black local chickens. The experiment conducted at College of Agric., Salahaddien Univ. during the period from Sept. 2016 until April 2018. 520 fertile eggs were taken from Agri. Res. Center, Ministry of Agric., Baghdad. Hatched chicks considered as parents (G0), and distributed randomly in to ten families. Resulted eggs from each family were collected during the peak of production for each generation to produce chicks of the next generation (G1 and G2). Body weights of resulted chicks were recorded at 1-day old and weekly till maturity. SAS program used to analyze the body weights (BW) and body weight gains (BWG) at different ages. The model includes genetic groups and generations for traits before sexing and the effect of sex added for the traits after sexing. Variance component of random effects estimated by REML and tested for positive definiteness to develop reliable estimates. Repeatability for body weights estimated. BW of chicks at 1 day, 4, 8, 9, 10, 16 and 17 week were 31.02, 292.47, 679.29, 794.58, 892.82, 1362.53 and 1252.17 g, and BWG at (1-4, 4-8, 9-10 and10-16) weeks were 261.45, 386.82, 98.24, and 469.51 g, respectively. The chicks of black group significantly excelled the white group in their weight at 1 day, 4, 8, 16 and 17, as well at ages 1-4 and 10-16 weeks. The effect of generation on BW of chicks at all ages and BWG at 1-4, 4-8 weeks was highly significant and (P<0.05) during 9-10 and 10-16 weeks. Males surpassed females significantly (p<0.01) in their BW at 9, 10 and 16 weeks and in their BWG during 9-10 and 10-16 weeks. Estimates of heritability were 0.42, 0.61, 0.76, 0.71, 0.43, 0.51, and 0.70 and of repeatability were 0.29, 0.26, 0.22, 0.38, 0.41, 0.74, and 0.78 for BW at 1 day, 4, 8, 9, 10, 16 and 17 weeks respectively. Higher (0.78) and lower (0.14) genetic correlations were recorded between BW at 8 weeks with each of BW at 10 and 17 weeks respectively. While the phenotypic correlations ranged between 0.04 (among BW at 1 day with weight at 9 weeks) and 0.58 (among BW 16 with 17 weeks).

scholarly journals Correlated responses and genetic parameters for performance and carcass traits in a broiler line

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016
Author(s):  
Simone Fernanda Nedel Peertile ◽  
Aline Zampar ◽  
Juliana Petrini ◽  
Leila de Genova Gaya ◽  
Gregori Alberto Rovadoscki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Different Ages

The growth rate of broilers has triplicated in the last decades. The body weight is used as one of the selection criteria whereas the carcass traits are valuable market requirements. Thus, the meat industry like animals with high weights at slaughter and better carcass traits. However, the genetic relation of carcass traits with several body weights is unknown. Therefore, we established genetic associations among performance and carcass traits in a broiler chicken line and estimated genetic gain and trends. We also evaluated what age of selection would lead to a more efficient indirect selection of carcass traits. The data set with information of weights in different ages and carcass traits of 128,459 chickens was used. The pedigree data used contained 132,442 chickens. Genetic analysis were realized using ASREML® software applied a restricted maximum likelihood method. Heritability estimates ranged from moderate to high, which indicates that these traits can have high selection response. Genetic correlations between performance and carcass traits varied from moderate to high, which indicates the presence of a genetic association whereas genetic trends indicated that direct selection is occurring for body weight at different ages. Theselection at 30 and 38 days should be considered instead of the slaughter weight, as it anticipates selection in around 12 days.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat Composition and 2’Fucosyllactose on Neonatal Piglet Growth and Organ Lipid Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1038
Author(s):  
Michael Miklus ◽  
Pedro Prieto ◽  
Cynthia Barber ◽  
Robert Rhoads ◽  
Samer El-Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and fat blends on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of the liver and brain using the neonatal pig as a model for the human infant. Methods Pigs (3 d old) were randomly assigned to either: 1. control, 2. Palm Olein (PO) fat blend – Low 2'-FL, 3. PO – High 2'-FL, 4. High oleic acid (HO) – Low 2'-FL, 5. HO FB – High 2'-FL, 6. PO FB – GLA, or 7. kept with their sows. Pigs in groups 1 to 6 received 250 ml·kg−1·d−1 of formula in 5 equal meals for 15 d. On day 14 of the study, groups 1–6 received intraperitoneal E. coli LPS challenge at 100 µg·kg−1 weight. Results Body weight was greater for piglets fed by sows than those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, % fat and bone mineral content were higher in the sow-fed group while lean % was less sow-fed piglets (group 7) compared with those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Only longissimus weight expressed as a % of body weight, was greater for group 7 compared with all other groups (P &lt; 0.001). Soleus, semitendinosus, brain, heart and spleen weights as a % of body weight were similar across all groups. However, liver weight as a % of body weight was greater in groups 1–6 (3.7%) compared with group 7 (2.8%; P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of brain 16:1 fatty acid was less (0.83%) for groups 1–6 than for group 7 pigs (1.08%; P &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of 20:3 N6 was greatest (0.66%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (0.55%; P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the proportion of 20:5 N3 was greatest (0.12%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 7 (0.07%; P &lt; 0.05). The proportion of liver 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 cis-11 fatty acids were greater for group 7 (2.3, 23, 2.2%) than groups 1–6 (0.2, 20, 1.2%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conversely, the contribution of 14:0, 18:1 cis-9, 18:3 N6 cis-6,9,12, and 22:6 N3 were greater for pigs in groups 1–6 (1.3, 0.6, and 14, 7.8%) compared with those in group 7 (0.5, 8.5, 0.2 and 3.5%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that feeding 2’fucosyllactose had no effect on the body weight gain and composition in neonatal pigs. Our data also suggest that dietary fatty acids have a greater effect on liver than on brain fatty acid composition. Funding Sources Funding for the work was provided by Perrigo Nutritionals, LLC.

Seasonal changes in pancreatic B-cell function in euthermic yellow-bellied marmots

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R159-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Florant ◽  
A. K. Lawrence ◽  
K. Williams ◽  
W. A. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pancreatic B Cell ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
System Input

Fasting plasma insulin (PI) and glucose (PG) concentrations were measured throughout the body weight cycle of marmots. Animals gained weight during summer, and in late fall body weight peaked, after which they ceased feeding. Each month euthermic animals were injected intra-arterially with either dextrose (500 mg/kg) or porcine insulin (0.1 U/kg), and blood samples were collected over the subsequent 2 h. During weight gain fasting PI concentration and pancreatic B-cell response to injected dextrose increased markedly. Maximal insulin release to a dextrose challenge was measured during peak body weight or when body weight initially began to decline. The PG concentration after exogenous insulin administration was slight (less than 10%) in the fall but increased approximately 25% in the spring after marmots lost weight. Basal PG levels were not significantly different throughout the year. Basal fasting PI concentrations were significantly higher during the fall (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that in the fall, when marmots are obese, hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance appear. Furthermore, in two animals with an increase in body weight of approximately 30% or less over the summer, peripheral resistance was demonstrable, albeit not as marked as in animals that appropriately doubled their body weights when given food ad libitum. Thus we hypothesize that factors other than adiposity, i.e., food intake, central nervous system input to the pancreatic B-cell, and/or changes in B-cell sensitivity to PG, may contribute to the observed peripheral insulin resistance and may be involved in body weight regulation.

scholarly journals Composition of the human foetus

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad V. Apte ◽  
Leela Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

1. The body composition was determined of forty-one fetuses of different gestational ages born to mothers belonging to a low socio-economic group of the population.2. With increasing gestational age the water content fell from 88% at 28 weeks to 76% at term; the fat content increased from 2.1% to 11.2% and the protein content increased from 6.9 to 9.3%.3. The changes in body composition were more closely related to body-weight than to gestational age.4. The calcium, Phosphorus and magnesium contents of the body per unit fat-free weight progressively increased with gestational age, and at term the values appeared to be considerably lower than those reported in the literature. The Ca:P ratio was constant at different body-weights.5. The body iron content per unit of fat-free weight increased marginally with increasing gestational age. The value was almost 30% lower than the values reported from elsewhere.6. It is suggested that chemical composition and nutrient stores of the developing foetus can be considerably influenced by the state of maternal nutrition.

Effect of Changes in Ambient Temperature on Spontaneous Activity, Food Intake and Body Weight of Goldthioglucose-Obese and Nonobese Mice

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
N. B. Marshall ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Body Weights

Goldthioglucose-obese mice cannot adjust their food intake to meet the increased energy requirements due to cold. At all ambient temperatures above 15°C the spontaneous running activity of these animals is less than that observed for nonobese controls. Activity of obese mice is maximal at 19°C and minimal at 15°C or lower. Body weights decrease during exposure to cold. In contrast to that of obese mice, running activity of nonobese controls is maximal at an ambient temperature of 25°C but nearly ceases at 15°C or lower. The food intake of these animals increases in the cold and remains elevated even at temperatures at which activity decreases. The body weight of nonobese controls is either maintained constant or increases during exposure to cold air.

A note on annual reproductive rhythm in Marwari sheep of the Rajasthan Desert in India

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Western India ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
North Western

ABSTRACTSeasonal fluctuations in oestrous activity and live weight were studied in ewes of the Marwari breed indigenous to the Rajasthan Desert in north-western India. Of the ewes examined 80 to 100% were in oestrus every month of the year, indicating thereby the non-seasonality of female reproductive activity in this breed. On average, each ewe exhibited heat 18 times a year. The incidence of silent heats was low (4·2 %). The average length of an oestrous cycle was 17 days, while the actual period of oestrus varied from 24 to 48 h with an average of 36 h. No seasonal effect on these activities could be observed. The maximum and minimum body weights of the animals were recorded during the autumn (October) and summer (June) months respectively. The body weights differed significantly (P<0·05) between months. Sexual activity in these animals is, therefore, apparently not affected by changes in body weight. The continuous nature of oestrous activity in Marwari sheep may be economically exploited by regulating the lambing season according o t the prevailing ecological conditions and market demands, without the use of hormones.

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