The immediate and long-term value of some magnesium fertilizers for sugar beet

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium ◽  
Plough Layer ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop

SUMMARYNine 5-year field experiments between 1964 and 1971 tested the effect of kainit, kieserite, magnesium and calcium limestone, and farmyard manure on yield and magnesium uptake by sugar beet and on exchangeable soil magnesium. The experiments were in the main sugar beet growing areas on soils that contained little (12–24 ppm) exchangeable magnesium. The fertilizers were applied in the year before the first sugar-beet crop and fresh dressings of some were given to other plots each time sugar beet was grown. Kieserite increased sugar yield equally when applied in the sugarbeet seed bed or three years before the sugar beet. Magnesium limestone was effective only when the soil pH was less than 7·0. FYM greatly increased yield but the increase could not be explained entirely by the magnesium it supplied.On average, applying 100 kg/ha magnesium (as kieserite) to the seed bed increased the magnesium concentration in dried tops and roots by about 0·135 and 0·020% respectively and the total uptake by the crop in August by 9·0 kg/ha. The same treatment applied in the sugar-beet seed bed or 3 or 4 years previously increased exchangeable magnesium in the surface 25 cm of soil by 29·0, 7·6 and 1·8 ppm respectively. Thus much of the fertilizer given to the first sugar-beet crop was lost from the plough layer for the second sugar-beet crop but the yields indicated that some of it was available from depth.On alkaline soils, when exchangeable soil magnesium in the plough layer is 0–25, 26–50 or > 51 ppm, an initial application of 100, 50 or 0 kg/ha respectively of water-soluble magnesium is needed, applied either in the previous autumn or to the sugarbeet seed bed. If the exchangeable soil magnesium before the following or subsequent sugar-beet crop is 0–15, 16–25 or > 26 ppm, a further application of 100, 50 or 0 kg/ha respectively of magnesium should be given.

scholarly journals Effect of residual nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen on sugar beet production in Finland

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Veikko Brummer ◽  
Erkki Aura
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N

Preliminary determinations for NO3- and NH4-N in topsoil from nitrogen field experiments are discussed. The amounts of residual nitrogen as well as the dates and depth for sampling are considerd in order to investigate the need of fertilizer-N for continuous sugar beet. Tops ploughed down as manure increased the available soil nitrogen by about 50 kg/ha. In practice nitrogen from fertilizer and farmyard manure given to previous beet crops seems to accumulate in the beet soils of Finland. The concentrations of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in topsoil were low in the spring of 1972 and 1973. NO3-N increased in topsoil during the early summer, and the highest concentrations were found at the beginning of July. Starting from the middle of July the amount of NH4-N began to increase both in topsoil and in subsoil. With increasing amounts of nitrogen in the topsoil the sugar content decreases continuously. Also the α-amio N content of beets correlates with the soil nitrogen. There is experimental evidence that 150 180 kg/ha nitrate nitrogen in topsoil (residual + fertilizer N) in early July gives the best economic result. The effects of fertilizer and accumulated soil nitrogen on the sugar beet quality together with som other experimental data have been statistically analysed. Regression coefficients indicated that both forms of nitrogen affected the suger content, the α-amino N concentration and clear juice purity, in a similar way.

Efficiency of nitric phosphates and Mussoorie rock phosphate in three cycles of clusterbean–wheat and groundnut–wheat rotations

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Hundal ◽  
B. R. Arora ◽  
G. S. Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Effective Source ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

SUMMARYNitric phosphates containing 80, 50 and 30% water-soluble phosphorus, and Mussoorie rock phosphate, alone or with Amjhore pyrites, farmyard manure or straw, were compared relative to concentrated superphosphate for each of three cycles of a clusterbean–wheat and a groundnut–wheat rotation. Both the field experiments were made on alkaline P-deficient Samana sands. All phosphatic fertilizers were applied to each crop at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 kg P/ha. Dry forage of clusterbean, groundnut pods and grain yield of wheat were measured. The model of concurrent straight line response was employed to calculate availability coefficient ratios which express the relative effectiveness of the different phosphatic fertilizers.Nitric phosphate containing 80 % water-soluble phosphorus and concentrated superphosphate were almost equal in their effectiveness in both 3-year rotational studies of clusterbean–wheat and groundnut–wheat. The relative efficiency of the nitric phosphates increased with the amount of water-soluble phosphorus they contained. Mussoorie rock phosphate was the least effective source of fertilizer phosphorus, although its efficiency is considerably higher for the legume clusterbean and for groundnut than for the cereal wheat. The efficiency of Mussoorie rock phosphate increased when it was mixed with the soil together with Amjhore pyrites, farmyard manure and straw respectively. These materials were more effective for clusterbean and groundnut than for wheat.

scholarly journals Comparisons between methods of measuring soluble phosphorus and potassium in soils used for fertilizer experiments on sugar beet

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Warren ◽  
G. W. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Soluble P

Eleven years of field experiments on manuring sugar beet were used by the late E. M. Crowther to compare methods of analysing soils for soluble P and K; this paper reports his work.The experiments were divided by soil analyses into groups of equal numbers of sites; average crop responses were used to value the analytical methods. Such tables of average data overvalue soil analyses because each method was misleading in a small proportion of the fields used. A quantitative way was developed of assessing the gains from using soil analysis in planning fertilizing and of comparing analytical methods. The total profit from uniformly manuring all the soils examined was compared with the profit made by using analyses to select a proportion only of the soils to be manured; the total amount of fertilizer used was the same with each way of planning manuring. The most efficient analytical method gave the most profit.For phosphate, differential manuring of sites selected by soil analysis was more profitable than uniform manuring, with all the methods of measuring soluble P that were tested. The best method used a rapid extraction with dilute hydrochloric acid, but extracting with water (calcium bicarbonate solution was used for calcareous soils), or with citric acid solution, was nearly as effective. These three methods, using little solvent relative to soil, were more useful than methods using larger volumes of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute acetic acid, and a lactate solution.The sugar beet responded more often to K than to P manuring, so there was less chance of making extra profit by using analyses to detect the richer soils where either no K fertilizer, or small dressings only, should have been given. Using the citric acid method of measuring soluble-K to separate the soils into groups for differental manuring was more profitable than giving uniform dessings to all fields; acetic acid was less effective than citric acid, and the hydrochloric acid method gave no advantage over uniform manuring with the heavier rate of potassium. Water-soluble K measurements were worse than acid-soluble values; using them to predict responses and manuring would have given less profit than uniform manuring at the heavier rate used.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Last ◽  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
A. B. Messem ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plough Layer

SUMMARYDuring 1973–8 six field experiments examined the effect of 0, 41, 82, 124, 166 and 207 kg N/ha with and without irrigation on the growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. The culture of the crops was planned to produce a large yield in order to determine the optimal nitrogen application for the above-average crops which many growers are now seeking to produce. Ammonium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source, broadcast in one dose before sowing as was recommended practice in the early 1970s. The growth of the crop was monitored from the seedling stage to harvest in December, as was nitrogen uptake by the crop, and water removal from the soil using a neutron probe.In 3 years when the weather was dry after drilling, the fertilizer significantly depressed the number of plants which established but plant weights showed that some nitrogen fertilizer was needed early for rapid seedling growth. Changes in the method of applying fertilizer for sugar beet are therefore suggested and are being tested. Soil analyses in the plough layer during establishment (May–June) indicated an optimum concentration of mineral nitrogen of about 40 mg N/kg soil at this stage.Nitrogen fertilizer was very important for a high yield; throughout the growth of the crop it greatly increased total dry-matter yield and at final harvest this was reflected in sugar yield. Considering the six years together, sugar yield was linearly related to both dry-matter yield and total nitrogen uptake. However, within a year, increasing nitrogen uptake above 200 kg N/ha with nitrogen fertilizer did not increase sugar yield; maximum yields of sugar each year were normally obtained with 125 kg N/ha fertilizer or less, and irrigation had little effect on the optimum amount. Explanations for the lack of responsiveness of sugar beet to greater applications of nitrogen fertilizer are being sought in further more detailed analyses of the crop and its environment.

Field experiments on the value of urea as a fertilizer for barley, sugar beet, potatoes, winter wheat and grassland in Great Britain

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Devine ◽  
M. R. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Texture Region

1. Urea containing less than 1% biuret was compared with ammonium nitrate in field experiments on barley, sugar beet, winter wheat and grassland, and with ammonium sulphate on potatoes, in various parts of Great Britain in the years 1957–61.2. When broadcast on the seed-bed for barley at rates supplying 25–45 lb./acre of nitrogen in twenty-five experiments, urea and ammonium nitrate gave similar mean increases in grain yield on acid soils, while on alkaline soils urea gave smaller increases than ammonium nitrate. The relative effect of the two sources was similar on light and heavy soils and in the east and west of the country.3. When broadcast on the seed-bed for sugar beet at 50–60 lb./acre of nitrogen in nineteen experiments, mostly on alkaline soils in eastern England, no difference was detected between the mean increases in yield of sugar and tops from urea and from ammonium nitrate.4. In twenty-two experiments on potatoes urea gave slightly smaller mean increases in yield of tubers than those from ammonium sulphate when applied at 40–60 lb./acre of nitrogen, with a larger difference at 80–120 lb./acre. No influence of soil pH, soil texture, region of the country or method of application (broadcast on the flat or over the open ridges) was detected.5. When broadcast as spring top dressings in seventeen experiments on winter wheat, mostly in western England and Scotland, at rates supplying 34–45 lb./acre of nitrogen, urea and ammonium nitrate gave similar mean increases in yield of grain.

Response by sugar beet to various amounts and times of application of sodium chloride fertilizer in relation to soil type

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
Susan M. Bugg
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Predictive Test ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

SUMMARYTwo-thirds of the sugar-beet crop in the U.K. receives sodium chloride as part of the fertilizer programme. It is well known that the crop responds profitably on sandy soils which contain relatively little sodium and potassium, and most of these fields now receive sodium chloride. Few crops on clays, silts and organic soils are treated because the value of sodium chloride has never been clearly defined. Thus 36 field experiments were made over the 5 years 1975–9 on contrasting soil types testing five amounts of sodium chloride, 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg/ha, and at two times, either autumn or spring. All the fields chosen were in continuous arable rotations where potassium chloride was applied regularly and nearly all the soils contained more than 120 mg exchangeable K/l.Sodium chloride (400 kg/ha costing £12) increased sugar yield on average by about 0·2 t/ha (worth £40) on the mineral soils but no crop responded on organic soil. Exchangeable soil sodium concentration was not a good predictive test of which fields would respond but all the large increases in yield were on fields with less than 20 mg Na/1. A few crops responded on soils with 20–40 mg Na/1 but no crop responded on soil with more than 40 mg Na/1. A survey of sodium concentrations in 800 soils showed that most mineral soils contained less than 40 mg Na/1 so it is suggested that all mineral soils regardless of texture should receive 400 kg sodium chloride/ha. Crops on organic soils did not respond to sodium chloride because the soils already contained sufficient.Autumn and spring applications of sodium chloride on mineral soils gave similar increases in yield provided the fertilizer was not applied just before sowing, when in 2 years it decreased plant establishment. This effect was particularly damaging on clays and silts where it is frequently difficult for other reasons to obtain good seed beds and full establishment. It is concluded that sodium-containing fertilizers should always be applied well ahead of sowing to allow rainfall and cultivations to incorporate them into the soil. On clays and silts it is suggested that they should be applied before ploughing to avoid soil compaction but on sands there may be advantages in post-ploughing application.

scholarly journals Differences in soil sulfur fractions due to limitation of atmospheric deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic S ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
Term Field

The aim of this work was to estimate the changes in contents of different sulfur (S) fractions in soils under conditions of lowering inputs of S from emissions together with the influence of application of manure and mineral fertilizers. Soil samples from long-term field experiments were used for this purpose. The samples were taken from 10 sites from precise long-term field experiments with different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. The samples were analyzed using the following fractionation: (i) water soluble S (H<sub>2</sub>O extracts), (ii) sorbed S (0.032M NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> extracts) and (iii) S occluded with carbonates (1M HCl extract). Furthermore, the concentration of total S (S<sub>tot</sub>) and organic S (S<sub>org</sub>) was determined. Soil samples were taken in the years 1981 and 2007. During 26 years a decrease of S<sub>tot</sub> by about 3–8%, water soluble S by 65–68% and sorbed S by 39–44% were observed in the topsoil of the evaluated soils. Furthermore, a low increase in the content of organic S was observed. The estimated ratio of S<sub>org</sub> reached 78.7–80.9% from S<sub>tot</sub> in the year 1981 and 87.7–89.8% in 2007. Farmyard manure (40 t/ha) applied every 4 years did not have a significant influence on S fractions and S<sub>tot</sub> contents in soils; intensive S fertilizing increased S<sub>tot</sub> and mobile S forms contents in soils. Very close correlations were obtained especially between S<sub>tot</sub> and water soluble S and organic S.

Damping-off of sugar beet in Finland: II. Disease control 

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-450
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vestberg ◽  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Kyösti Raininko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Good Protection ◽  
Great Damage

In pot and field experiments carried out in 1979-1981, the systemic funqicide hymexazol prevented satisfactorily soil borne damping-off of sugar beet caused mainly by the fungus Pythium debaryanum auct. non Hesse. The results with the combination hymexazol + thiram were still better. This treatment gave very good protection against the disease up to about two to three weeks after emergence, increased the yield on the average by 5-10 % and produced considerably thicker and denser stands. Thereafter a large number of beets may have become infected, but no great damage was caused as only few died. Band spraying at emergence using hymexazol with a large amount of water as well as spraying into the seed furrow prevented the outbreak of the disease almost completely. Liming had little effect on damping-off.

THE IMPACT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE BIOLOGICAL YIELD OF SUGAR BEET CROP (BETA VULGARIS L. VAR. SACCHARIFERA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1284
Author(s):  
Petar Petrov ◽  
Bojan Mitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
New Production ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
The Impact

Due to the great economic significance of the sugar beet, the new production trends are aimed at improving the quantitative and qualitative properties and one of the basic agro technical measures that is directly dependent on the yield and quality of the turnip is the properly conducted plant nutrition. Exporting high quantities of nutrients from the soil, the sugar beet requires application of advanced agro-technology, primarily application of adequate and controlled nutrition and irrigation. Application of this measure, in combination with soil processing, has sustained influence over the following cultures in the crop rotation in terms of nutrients regiment and fight against weeds.In order to determine the effects of mineral fertilizers on sugar beet, field experiment was conducted on fluvisol soil. The experiment is set according to a random block system, following the standard methods of agricultural chemistry for conducting field trials. The experiment includes eight variants, as follows: 1. Control (non-fertilized), 2. NP, 3. NK, 4. PK, 5. NPK, 6. N2PK, 7. N2P2K, 8. N3PK.In the phase of technological maturity of sugar beet, collection of the vegetative material and measurement of the height of the biological yield of the turnips was carried out. Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that the variant N2P2K has achieved the highest yield of swollen roots, i.e. 69.330 kg/ha. The highest yield of leafy greens was achieved in the variant N3PK, i.e. 41.920 kg/ha, which indicates the fact that nitrogen has direct influence over the vegetation mass of sugar beet.

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