Body temperature, respiration and pulse rate in Corriedale, Marwari and Magra sheep in the Rajasthan desert

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Western India ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
North Western ◽  
Local Stock

SUMMARYDuring summer the morning (08.00 h) to afternoon (15.00 h) increases in rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate of free grazing Marwari and Magra sheep (rams) of the desert areas of north-western India were compared with those of Corriedale rams, which are being imported into India to improve the productivity of local stock through cross-breeding. Basal (morning) values for all three measurements were similar in the three breeds. While the afternoon values in respect of all three characters were significantly higher than the morning values in all the breeds, the increases were greatest in the Corriedales.

A study of heat tolerance of grade Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows during early lactation.

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Robinson ◽  
GH Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Temperature Pulse ◽  
Evaporative Loss

Four grade Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows, aged 3 years, were exposed for 7 hr. twice a week to each of several atmospheres having dry-bulb temperatures ranging from 86° to 108.5°F. and absolute humidities ranging from 8 to 16 g./cu. ft. The following reactions were studied: rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, evaporative loss, skin temperature, and behaviour. Average 9 a.m. ante-room rectal temperature reading was 101.5 ± 1.29°F. Dry-bulb temperatures of 95°F. and above caused a noticeable rise in rectal temperature and rise in body temperature paralleled rise in humidity. Humidity had a greater effect on the animal than dry-bulb temperature. Pulse rate was essentially unaffected by rise in temperature. Environmental conditions markedly influenced respiratory rate. On exposure to heat, the rate increased considerably before any rise in rectal temperature was apparent. When dry-bulb temperature increased, there was a parallel rise of evaporative loss with rise in respiratory rate. Humidity had little effect on water loss. Comparisons of the reactions of Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cows were made with four Jersey cows of similar age and lactation, exposed to atmospheric conditions similar to those observed by Riek and Lee two years previously. The following points were brought out: (i) The heat tolerance is greater in Jerseys with all combinations of dry- and wet-bulb temperatures. (ii) There is no significant change in pulse rate with breed. (iii) Respiratory rates are similar in the two breeds until the highest temperatures are reached, when that of the Illawarra Shorthorn increases above that of the Jersey. (iv) A greater increase in water loss occurs in the Jersey. (v) There is a larger body temperature-skin temperature gradient in the IIIawarra Shorthorn.

Studies on the adaptability of three breeds of sheep to a tropical environment modified by altitude IV. Role of the fleece in thermoregulation in German Merino ewes

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
R. B. Symington
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Body Temperature Regulation ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

The influence of fleece on thermoregulation in German Merino ewes was investigated in Rhodesia. Comparative heat tolerances of Persian Blackhead, indigenous Native and shorn and unshorn Merino ewes were obtained during the hottest month of the year in Northern Rhodesia. The main thermolytic responses in unshorn, partially shorn and completely shorn Merino ewes were measured at 7.0 a.m.; 10.0 a.m.; 1.0 p.m. and 4.0 p.m. during April in Southern Rhodesia.1. Unshorn Merino ewes showed more and shorn Merino ewes less effective body temperature regulation than Persian or Native ewes. High heat tolerance in unshorn Merinos was due primarily to insulation by the fleece and not to more efficient physiological thermolysis than in hair breeds. No ewe showed signs of undue thermal stress and feed intake was not affected by heat.2. Increases in rectal temperature and respiratory rate between 7.0 a.m. and 1.0 p.m. of Merinos in Southern Rhodesia were related inversely to fleece length. Body temperature did not differ significantly at 1.0 p.m. owing to differential rates of increase in respiratory rate.3. Magnitude of the diurnal fluctuation in skin temperature was also related inversely to fleece length. Partially shorn ewes, however, began with and maintained highest skin temperature through the heat of the day. In all groups skin temperature fell after 10.0 a.m. although ambient temperature continued to rise. This fall could not be attributed to sweating since moisture secretion declined simultaneously.

scholarly journals Vital-SCOPE: Design and Evaluation of a Smart Vital Sign Monitor for Simultaneous Measurement of Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate, and Body Temperature for Patient Monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghao Sun ◽  
Takemi Matsui ◽  
Yasuyuki Watai ◽  
Seokjin Kim ◽  
Tetsuo Kirimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Vital Sign ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
The Mean

Consistent vital sign monitoring is critically important for early detection of clinical deterioration of patients in hospital settings. Mostly, nurses routinely measure and document the primary vital signs of all patients 2‐3 times daily to assess their condition. To reduce nurse workload and thereby improve quality of patient care, a smart vital sign monitor named “Vital‐SCOPE” for simultaneous measurement of vital signs was developed. Vital-SCOPE consists of multiple sensors, including a reflective photo sensor, thermopile, and medical radar, to be used in simultaneous pulse rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature monitoring within 10 s. It was tested in laboratory and hospital settings. Bland-Altman and Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to compare the Vital-SCOPE results to those of reference measurements. The mean difference of the respiratory rate between respiratory effort belt and Vital-SCOPE was 0.47 breaths per minute with the 95% limit of agreement ranging from −7.4 to 6.5 breaths per minute. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.63 (P<0.05). Moreover, the mean difference of the pulse rate between electrocardiogram and Vital-SCOPE was 3.4 beats per minute with the 95% limit of agreement ranging from −13 to 5.8 beats per minute; the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.91 (P<0.01), indicating strong linear relationship.

Acclimatization of calves to a hot humid environment

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Physiological Reactions

1. Three calves were exposed in a climatic room to an environment of 40° C. dry-bulb and 38° C. wet-bulb temperature for up to 110 min. each day for 1-2 weeks.2. These exposures produced progressive changes in the physiological reactions of the animals to heat:(a) Rectal temperature and skin temperature (for a given time of exposure) declined. In consequence there was a marked increase in the tolerance time, i.e. in the time for which the animals could withstand the hot environment before reaching a rectal temperature of 42° C.(b) Respiratory rate rose earlier and assumed higher levels (for given levels of body temperature).(c) Heart rate decreased markedly.3. These changes are discussed in relation to heat loss and heat production and have been interpreted as reflecting chiefly a reduction in the metabolic heat production of the animals.

Comparative performance of indigenous and exotic sheep in the Indian arid zone

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western India ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Local Stock ◽  
Peak Summer

SummaryThe body weight and fleece weight of Marwari and Magra sheep (rams) of the desert areas of north-western India are compared with those of Corriedale rams, which are being imported into India for improving the productivity of the local stock through cross-breeding. All three breeds showed marked seasonal fluctuation in their body weight. While the Corriedales lost more body weight than the indigenous breeds during peak summer, they appeared to endure the relatively poor winter pasture conditions somewhat better. Between July and October, with the availability of lush monsoonal pasture, all three breeds increased in body weight.The greasy fleece weight of Corriedale rams was nearly double that of indigenous rams. The potential of the Corriedale ram for improving the productivity of the local stock is discussed.

Effect of prolonged intermittent water restriction on the reproductive performance of ewes in the Indian desert

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Western India ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
North Western

ABSTRACTThe reproductive performance of female Magra and Marwari sheep of the desert areas of north-western India was studied in relation to intermittent water deprivation, for a period of 39 months during which four breedings were completed. The control group received an ad libitum supply of water every day, while the water-restricted group was provided with water on the same 2 days each week only throughout the experimental period, except during the monsoon season. All the ewes were maintained on cultivated Cenchrus ciliaris pasture. No ill effect was noticed on the general health of the animals. Reproductive measures such as incidence and duration of oestrus, length of the oestrous cycle, conception rate, lambing rate, length of gestation, post-partum interval, inter-lambing period, post-lambing weight of ewes and birth weight of lambs were not significantly affected by the imposed water deprivation. The dailywatered ewes had a slightly, but not significantly higher gain in body weight than the water-restricted ewes. It wa^ concluded that ewes of these two breeds could be maintained on a twice weekly watering schedule for prolonged periods of time without having any adverse effect on their reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Respon Fisiologis dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein pada Musim Kemarau Panjang di Dataran Tinggi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Didik Nurul Hadi ◽  
Nur Qoim Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRAK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari respon fisiologi, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah Frisian Holstein pada akhir musim kemarau panjang di Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole, Lembang, Bandung.  Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Parameter mikroklimat yang diamati antara lain adalah temperatur lingkungan, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, radiasi sinar matahari dalam kandang dan Temperature-Humidity Index (THI). Respon fisiologis yang diamati meliputi suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung. Nilai rerata THI (73.93±5.51) menunjukkan sapi perah berada dalam kondisi  stress ringan. Nilai rerata dari suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung secara berurutan 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13 ±3.00 dan 79.74±6.19. Nilai rerata persentase bahan kering, lemak dan protein susu secara berurutan 10,19 ± 0,72, 2,14 ± 0,38 dan 2,50 ± 0,32. Temperatur lingkungan yang tinggi  mempengaruhi respon fisiologis antara lain peningkatan denyut jantung yang lebih tinggi dari normal dan kualitas susu yang lebih rendah.   (Physiological responses and milk qualities of holstein friesian during long dry season at high altitude)ABSTRACT. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physiological responses and milk qualities of dairy cows in Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole West Bandung at the end of long dry season. Samples were determined by using purposive sampling method. Microclimate parameters  were included  ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, solar radiation and temperature-humidity index (THI). Physiological responses consisted of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate. The mean value of THI (73.93±5.51) showed that dairy cows suffered by heat stress. The mean value of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13±3.00 and 79.74±6.19 consecutively. The average percentage value of dry matter, fat and protein content in milk were 10.19±0.72, 2.14±0.38 and 2.50±0.32. High ambient temperature and low relative humidity affected physiological responses such as pulse rate that higher than normal,  and  lower milk yield.

360. Reactions to hot atmospheres of Jersey cows in milk

1948 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Riek ◽  
Douglas H. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Erythro Cyte ◽  
Evaporative Loss ◽  
Jersey Cows

Four grade Jersey cows were exposed for 7 hr. twice a week to each of several atmospheres having dry-bulb temperatures ranging from 85 to 110° F. and absolute humidities ranging from 6 to 16 gr./cu.ft. The following reactions were studied: rectal temperature; pulse rate; respiratory rate; respiratory volume; evaporative loss; calcium, phosphate and erythro-cyte composition of the blood; milk volume and butterfat content; behaviour.Rectal temperature rose to higher values with less ready establishment of equilibrium the hotter the condition, but exceeded 107° F. only in the hottest atmosphere. (Dry-bulb temperature 110° F., absolute humidity 16 gr./cu.ft.)Respiratory rate was similarly and markedly affected. In both cases, humidity had a marked effect as well as temperature, an increment of 0–4 gr./cu.ft. (approx. 4%) in humidity having the same effect as 1° F. rise in air temperature. The highest average respiratory rate was 200/min. Respiratory minute volume rose less than the rate, so that tidal volume was reduced.Pulse rate was essentially unaffected by a rise in temperature but tended to rise somewhat with humidity.Evaporative loss was markedly increased by temperature, much less so by humidity. Increased pulmonary ventilation was inadequate to account for the observed losses, which are attributed to sweat-gland activity.Behavioural changes included some licking, panting, salivation, mild agitation, cessation of rumination and refusal of water. Weakness and staggers did not occur under these conditions.Neither milk nor butterfat production was essentially affected by the exposures. Blood calcium and phosphate levels fell, but the erythrocyte count was unchanged.These findings provide basic data with which subsequent observations under varying conditions can be compared.

361. Reactions of Jersey calves to hot atmospheres

1948 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Riek ◽  
Douglas H. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Evaporative Loss ◽  
The Difference

Four grade Jersey calves were exposed for 7 hr. twice a week to each of several atmospheres having dry-bulb temperatures ranging from 85 to 110° F. and absolute humidities ranging from 6 to 16 gr./cu.ft. The following reactions were studied: rectal temperature; pulse rate; respiratory rate; respiratory volume; evaporative loss; calcium, phosphate, sugar and erythrocyte composition of the blood; behaviour.Rectal temperatures rose rapidly to a higher level than was shown by cows under similar conditions, but maintained a steady equilibrium thereafter, except under the most severe conditions.Respiratory rate responses resembled those of rectal temperature, the difference from those of cows being even more striking.Humidity had relatively less effect upon the rectal temperature and respiratory rate responses of calves than of cows.Pulse rate and tidal respiratory volumes were relatively unaffected, but minute respiratory volumes rose.Evaporative loss per unit body weight resembled that of cows, except that humidity again had less effect. Pulmonary ventilation was inadequate to account for the observed losses.Behavioural changes resembled those of the cows but weakness of the hind limbs was observed at rectal temperatures above 106° F. Blood calcium, phosphate, sugar and erythrocyte levels were not essentially affected.Possible explanations for the lower thermal tolerance of calves, as compared with cows, are considered.

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