scholarly journals Respon Fisiologis dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein pada Musim Kemarau Panjang di Dataran Tinggi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Didik Nurul Hadi ◽  
Nur Qoim Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRAK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari respon fisiologi, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah Frisian Holstein pada akhir musim kemarau panjang di Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole, Lembang, Bandung.  Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Parameter mikroklimat yang diamati antara lain adalah temperatur lingkungan, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, radiasi sinar matahari dalam kandang dan Temperature-Humidity Index (THI). Respon fisiologis yang diamati meliputi suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung. Nilai rerata THI (73.93±5.51) menunjukkan sapi perah berada dalam kondisi  stress ringan. Nilai rerata dari suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung secara berurutan 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13 ±3.00 dan 79.74±6.19. Nilai rerata persentase bahan kering, lemak dan protein susu secara berurutan 10,19 ± 0,72, 2,14 ± 0,38 dan 2,50 ± 0,32. Temperatur lingkungan yang tinggi  mempengaruhi respon fisiologis antara lain peningkatan denyut jantung yang lebih tinggi dari normal dan kualitas susu yang lebih rendah.   (Physiological responses and milk qualities of holstein friesian during long dry season at high altitude)ABSTRACT. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physiological responses and milk qualities of dairy cows in Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole West Bandung at the end of long dry season. Samples were determined by using purposive sampling method. Microclimate parameters  were included  ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, solar radiation and temperature-humidity index (THI). Physiological responses consisted of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate. The mean value of THI (73.93±5.51) showed that dairy cows suffered by heat stress. The mean value of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13±3.00 and 79.74±6.19 consecutively. The average percentage value of dry matter, fat and protein content in milk were 10.19±0.72, 2.14±0.38 and 2.50±0.32. High ambient temperature and low relative humidity affected physiological responses such as pulse rate that higher than normal,  and  lower milk yield.

Physiological responses in pigs on antioxidant supplementation during summer and winter

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Chakraborty ◽  
Anubha Baruah ◽  
B. C. Sarmah ◽  
J. Goswami ◽  
Arundhati Bora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

The objective of the study was to assess the variability in the physiological responses of growing pigs on melatonin and vitamin E supplementation during summer and winter seasons.36 nos. of weaned crossbred (Hampshire X Assam local) female pigs were selected for the study. Eighteen (18) animals were subjected to treatment separately during summer and winter. The selected animals were divided into three groups, with six pigs in each group, consisting of the control group (Treatment 1), a second group comprising of animals fed with melatonin (Meloset) @3 mg/animal (Treatment 2) and a third group in which the animals were fed Vitamin E (Evion) @100 mg (Treatment 3), for both the seasons. The rectal temperature, respiration and pulse rate differed significantly (P>0.01) between seasons. There was also significant difference (P>0.01) in the mean pulse rate between treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on Some Haematological Parameters in Cow

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mazzullo ◽  
Claudia Rifici ◽  
Gino Caccamo ◽  
Maria Rizzo ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Measure Analysis ◽  
Humidity Index

Abstract The aim of this study was to establish physiological responses of Piemontese cows to different environmental conditions (ambient temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index). To this end, 43 clinically healthy Piemontese cows aged 2-12 years were used to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions on haematological parameters. For each period, ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded by means of a data logger and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated as indicator of thermal comfort for cattle. Blood samples were collected at 4 time points under different environmental conditions (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and analysed for haematological parameters. One way repeated measure analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect of time (P<0.0001) on RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Plt, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. The majority of haematological values obtained in the present study, even though within the physiological range for cattle, showed that variations in haematological parameters are related to changes in ambient temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index. These results provide insight into the physiological responses of Piemontese cows to different environmental conditions, allowing to better evaluate its ability to adapt and cope with environmental stress.

scholarly journals A novel mouse model of heatstroke accounting for ambient temperature and relative humidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Miyamoto ◽  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Hirokazu Ohtaki ◽  
Motoyasu Nakamura ◽  
Hiroki Yamaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Core Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Water

Abstract Background Heatstroke is associated with exposure to high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH), and an increased risk of organ damage or death. Previously proposed animal models of heatstroke disregard the impact of RH. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate an animal model of heatstroke considering RH. To validate our model, we also examined the effect of hydration and investigated gene expression of cotransporter proteins in the intestinal membranes after heat exposure. Methods Mildly dehydrated adult male C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three AT conditions (37 °C, 41 °C, or 43 °C) at RH > 99% and monitored with WetBulb globe temperature (WBGT) for 1 h. The survival rate, body weight, core body temperature, blood parameters, and histologically confirmed tissue damage were evaluated to establish a mouse heatstroke model. Then, the mice received no treatment, water, or oral rehydration solution (ORS) before and after heat exposure; subsequent organ damage was compared using our model. Thereafter, we investigated cotransporter protein gene expressions in the intestinal membranes of mice that received no treatment, water, or ORS. Results The survival rates of mice exposed to ATs of 37 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C were 100%, 83.3%, and 0%, respectively. From this result, we excluded AT43. Mice in the AT 41 °C group appeared to be more dehydrated than those in the AT 37 °C group. WBGT in the AT 41 °C group was > 44 °C; core body temperature in this group reached 41.3 ± 0.08 °C during heat exposure and decreased to 34.0 ± 0.18 °C, returning to baseline after 8 h which showed a biphasic thermal dysregulation response. The AT 41 °C group presented with greater hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal damage than did the other groups. The impact of ORS on recovery was greater than that of water or no treatment. The administration of ORS with heat exposure increased cotransporter gene expression in the intestines and reduced heatstroke-related damage. Conclusions We developed a novel mouse heatstroke model that considered AT and RH. We found that ORS administration improved inadequate circulation and reduced tissue injury by increasing cotransporter gene expression in the intestines.

scholarly journals Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Body Temperature and Conception Rate of Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwestern Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi NABENISHI ◽  
Hiroshi OHTA ◽  
Toshihumi NISHIMOTO ◽  
Tetsuo MORITA ◽  
Koji ASHIZAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Humidity Index

Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

Heat balance, haematology and serum chemistry of layers under varying stocking density reared in locally fabricated metal-type cage system

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
K. O. Bello ◽  
A. E. Adiatu ◽  
M. O. Osunlakin ◽  
O. O. Oni
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fabricated Metal ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Metal Type

One hundred and thirty five 18weeks old Bovans Nera Black strain pullets were used in a 10week study to determine their heat balance and blood profile under varying stocking density in locally fabricated metal-type cage system. The cages were stocked 2, 3 and 4birds/cell. Daily ambient temperature and relative humidity of the cage and rectal temperature of the birds were taken and heat balance calculated. Record of Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood count (WBC) and differential of the birds were taken at beginning and end of the study for the haematological indices while blood glucose, total protein, Albumin and blood urea were taken for the bio-chemical measurements. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, and heat balance showed no significant (P>0.05) difference with cage stocking density. Cage stocking density had significant (P<0.05) effect on rectal temperature of layers. Bird stocked 3/cell recorded the least (41.14oC) rectal temperature while those stocked 4/cell recorded the highest (41.27oC). All the haematological parameters of the birds were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by stocking density of the cage type. Bio-chemical measurements were not significantly (P>0.05) different among layers under varying stocking density of the cage except total protein (P<0.05). Layers stocked 4/cell recorded highest (5.22g/dl) total protein while those stocked 3/cell had the least value (4.37g/dl). However, the values were within the normal range recommended for healthy chicken. The study concluded that locally fabricated metal-type battery cage could be used to rear layers and stocking density of 3birds/cell is ideal without compromising the welfare of the birds.

Cholecystokinin reduces body temperature in vehicle- but not capsaicin-pretreated rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. R1215-R1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. South
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Capsaicin Application ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Sensory Fibers ◽  
Maximal Suppression

Systemic administration of cholecystokinin C-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) decreases body temperature. However, it remains unclear whether reduction of body temperature is concomitant with suppression of food intake at CCK-8 doses that approach physiological levels. We examined rectal temperature after intraperitoneal CCK-8, 4 micrograms/kg, both in the presence and absence of a preferred food. We found that rectal temperature was significantly reduced by CCK-8 in both conditions and that the reduction of temperature coincided with the time of maximal suppression of food intake by CCK-8. In rats pretreated systemically with 25 or 175 mg/kg of the sensory neurotoxin capsaicin, both suppression of food intake and reduction of body temperature were significantly attenuated or abolished. The 25 mg/kg capsaicin treatment did not alter corneal chemosensitivity or the ability of rats to maintain normothermia at elevated ambient temperature, suggesting that capsaicin damage to neural substrates mediating CCK-8-induced reduction of body temperature 1) did not generalize to cephalic or peripheral warm-sensitive structures, and 2) was limited to fine sensory fibers accessible to intraperitoneal capsaicin application.

Comparison of auricular and rectal temperature measurement in normothermic, hypothermic, and hyperthermic dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Kruse ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
C. Stockhaus ◽  
K. Hartmann ◽  
A. Wehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Large Case Series ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Large Case

Summary Objective: Measurement of rectal temperature is the most common method and considered gold standard for obtaining body temperature in dogs. So far, no study has been performed comparing agreement between rectal and auricular measurements in a large case series. The purpose of the study was to assess agreement between rectal and auricular temperature measurement in normothermic, hypothermic, and hyperthermic dogs with consideration of different environmental conditions and ear conformations. Materials and methods: Reference values for both methods were established using 62 healthy dogs. Three hundred dogs with various diseases (220 normothermic, 32 hypothermic, 48 hyperthermic) were enrolled in this prospective study. Rectal temperature was compared to auricular temperature and differences in agreement with regard to environmental temperature, relative humidity, and different ear conformations (pendulous versus prick ears) were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Correlation between rectal and auricular temperature was significant (r: 0.892; p < 0.01). However, Bland-Altman plots showed an inacceptable variation of values (bias: 0.300 °C; limits of agreement: –0.606 to 1.206 °C). This variation was above a maximal clinical tolerance of 0.3 °C, which was established by experts’ opinion (n = 16). Relative humidity had a significant influence (p = 0.001), whereas environmental temperature did not. Conclusion: Variation between the two methods of measuring body temperature was clinically unacceptable. Clinical relevance: Although measurement of auricular temperature is fast, simple, and well tolerated, this method provides a clinically unacceptable difference to the rectal measurement.

BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO SPATIAL NOVELTY IN DAIRY COWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KONDO ◽  
J. F. HURNIK
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Spatial Novelty ◽  
The Mean

Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows were used in a study of excitability and agonistic behavior of dairy cattle. When cattle were moved from a familiar stall to an unfamiliar place, heart rate immediately increased on average from 83.2 to 107.8 (P < 0.01). The total distance of head movement in a novel environment varied considerably. The animal with the greatest head movement had a distance 6.6 times larger than the cow with the least head movement. Significant deviation from the mean values of agonistic interactions were found for 28 cows: of these 10 showed tendencies for physical attacks (P < 0.05), 5 for threats (P < 0.05), 6 for displacement of physical attacks (P < 0.05), and 7 showed significant tendencies for avoidance when threatened (P < 0.05). Both the instigator and victim cows that showed a higher proportion of the psychological form of agonistic behavior also tended to show a larger amount of head movement with less variation, lower increase in heart rate, and less change in norepinephrine concentration due to transfer. The results indicate that analyses of head movement patterns may be used for an assessment of excitability of cows. Key words: Cow, behavior, spatial novelty, head movement, excitability, temperament

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