The effect of natural selection on composite cross populations of oats (Avena sativa) grown at contrasting sites in Scotland

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Phillips ◽  
W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Canonical Analysis ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Oat Breeding

SummaryThree composite populations of oats were grown at contrasting sites in the north, east and west of Scotland for four successive generations from F3 to F6. Analyses of variance and canonical analysis both showed that the genetic constitution of the composites was responsible for a greater proportion of the variation than locations (sites). This suggests that either natural selection was not operating to any great extent or the effect of natural selection was very similar at the three sites. These findings were supported when selections were taken from one of the populations and subjected to canonical analysis. The implications for oat breeding in Scotland are discussed.

scholarly journals Ecological and Geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-840
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West ◽  
Prevalent Species

The present research deal with ecological and geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq. The results were revealed that species distributed in the north , north-east and west of Iraq. Anagallis arvensis L. is the most prevalent species tolerant to different environmental conditions, while the species of Primula L. characterized as less widespread and limited in one District. In addition, the districts Rawanduz (MRO) and Sulaymaniyah (MSU) have ranked first in distribution of the species on geographical districts with (75%), while the districts southern desert (DSD) and Basra (LBA) in last place with (16.7%). Maps for geographical distribution for all species were illustrated.

scholarly journals Report of a Successful Search for Flint-Implements in a Cave Called “The Oyle,” Near Tenby, South Wales, in June and July, 1862

The Geologist ◽  
1863 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Gilbert N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Successful Search ◽  
East And West

This is a cave in the Mountain Limestone, with a wide entrance looking to the north-east at about 70 feet above the level of the valley beneath, up which the tide has recently flowed. The cave extends tortuously for 30 or 40 yards into the axis of a ridge which is a spur of the “Ridgeway,” extending from Pembroke to Tenby, composed of the Old Red, the strike of which is east and west.Within, the cave is distinguished by chambers, alternating with narrow passages. The floor is generally not more than three feet deep, at which depth the limestone is met with as at the roof and sides. The entrance being conspicuous, it is often visited from curiosity, but has never before been carefully explored for the definite purpose of discovering works of ancient art. This search was prompted by the recent discoveries in France and at Hoxne, strongly seconded by the fact that above, on the Ridgeway, some six or seven barrows exist, which yielded to the reporter and others a few years since, not only cinerary urns, but also well-shaped flint arrow-heads.So much by way of introduction.The Section will be glad to learn that the search in this cave for flint weapons has been successful, and that the number found is seventy-three, including the identical lumps of flint which remained after the chips had been struck off, when from their reduced size they were no longer capable of yielding flakes sufficiently large to answer the destined purpose, whatever that might be.

The West Court at Perachora

1967 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 353-371
Author(s):  
J. J. Coulton
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
East Side ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
East And West

About 10 metres south-west of the sixth-century temple of Hera Akraia at Perachora, and nearly due west of the little harbour lies the small courtyard previously known as the ‘Agora’. Since its purpose is not known, it will here be non-committally referred to as the West Court. It was first excavated in 1932, and more fully, under the supervision of J. K. Brock, in 1933, but it was not entirely cleared until 1939, and it was at that time that the Roman house which stood in the middle of the court was demolished. The West Court is discussed briefly (under the name of ‘Agora’) in Perachora 1 and in the preliminary reports of the Perachora excavations. Short supplementary excavations were carried out in 1964 and 1966 to examine certain points of the structure.In shape the West Court is an irregular pentagon, about 24 metres from north to south and the same from east to west (Fig. 1; Plate 91 a, b). It is enclosed on the west, north, and on part, at least, of the east side by a wall of orthostates on an ashlar foundation. For a short distance on either side of the south corner, the court is bounded by a vertically dressed rock face which is extended to the north-east and west by walls of polygonal masonry. At the south-west corner the west orthostate wall butts against the polygonal wall, which continues for about 0·80 m. beyond it and then returns north for about 8 metres behind it.

scholarly journals XI. An Account of repeated Shocks of Earthquakes felt at Comrie in Perthshire

1794 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Ralph Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West

Dear Sir,The earthquakes which have lately taken place at Comrie and its neighbourhood, are certainly very deserving of attention. I shall therefore cheerfully comply with your request, and give you as particular a description as I can of such of them as have been most remarkable. To give a particular account of all the noises or concussions which, during the last half-year, have been heard or felt at Comrie, and within a short distance to the north, east and west of that village, is beyond my power, and would indeed be of little use.

An account of the aurora borealis of the 17th of November 1848

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 809-811
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
The South ◽  
Aurora Borealis ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
East And West

The author states that, “About half-past 7 p. m. the sky assumed the appearance which it usually does immediately preceding the action of what are called the Northern Lights. In the northern half it was quite clear for about forty-five degrees from the meridian, of a pale blue, and covered with a faint light, such as generally ushers in the moon at her rising. Towards the east and west this light gradually diminished, and south of those cardinal points the dimness as gradually thickened. “Soon after eight the coruscations began by the usual lambent strokes of a shining filmy matter, like the sudden shooting forth and instantaneous retroceding of a serpent’s tongue. They commenced in the north-east, and shot upwards in an angle of about 70 degrees of inclination towards the south, and to about 60 degrees in length, more or less, leaving the sky clear to the north, and in a manner gradually chasing the clouds, upon whose receding bounds they glanced further to the south.

scholarly journals II.—The Hill of Beath, a Volcanic Neck in Fife

1909 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
J. S. Grant Wilson ◽  
H. Brantwood Muff
Keyword(s):  
Intrusive Rock ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

The Hill of Beath, which lies 3 miles to the north-east of Dunfermline, Fife, is an isolated hill with steep, but rounded, contours, and rises fully 250 feet above the surrounding plateau. Whilst the hill itself consists of dark grey tuff, the rocks forming the plateau belong to the Coal-measures of the Carboniferous Limestone series. The latter are thrown into gentle anticlines and synclines, the dip on the limbs of the folds usually lying between 10 and 15 degrees. The outcrop of the tuff has the form of an ellipse, the long axis of which trends east and west and measures nearly 1,000 yards, whilst the breadth of the ellipse is rather more than 500 yards. The distribution of the outcrops of the Carboniferous rocks around the hill and the evidence from the coal workings show that the tuff is not interbedded with the sediments, but that it breaks through them somewhat like an intrusive rock. Sir Archibald Geikie recognized that the Hill of Beath was a volcanic neck, and this view has been confirmed by recent mining operations in a conclusive manner.

Effect of Long Flights on the Cognitive Performance of Air Crew

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Beh ◽  
Peter McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Change ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
East And West ◽  
New Time

The cognitive performance of groups of subjects was tested after flights lasting between 7.5–9.5 hours to the north, east and west of Sydney ( ns = 10, 12, and 12) and compared with the performance of a ground-based control group ( n = 12). Analysis showed an impairment in performance of the flight groups following the flights. The analysis suggests that part of the performance change following transzonal flights may result from stress induced during the flight rather than adjustment to new time zones.

scholarly journals Genetic consequences of climatic oscillations in the Quaternary

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1442) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

An appreciation of the scale and frequency of climatic oscillations in the past few million years is modifying our views on how evolution proceeds. Such major events caused extinction and repeated changes in the ranges of those taxa that survived. Their spatial effects depend on latitude and topography, with extensive extinction and recolonization in higher latitudes and altitudinal shifts and complex refugia nearer the tropics. The associated population dynamics varied with life history and geography, and the present genetic constitution of the populations and species carry attenuated signals of these past dynamics. Phylogeographic studies with DNA have burgeoned recently and studies are reviewed from the arctic, temperate and tropical regions, seeking commonalities of cause in the resulting genetic patterns. Arctic species show distinct shallow genetic clades with common geographical boundaries. Thus Beringia is distinct phylogeographically, but its role as a refugial source is complex. Arctic taxa do not show the common genetic pattern of southern richness and northern purity in north-temperate species. Temperate refugial regions in Europe and North America show relatively deep DNA divergence for many taxa, indicating their presence over several Ice Ages, and suggesting a mode of speciation by repeated allopatry. DNA evidence indicates temperate species in Europe had different patterns of postglacial colonization across the same area and different ones in previous oscillations, whereas the northwest region of North America was colonized from the north, east and south. Tropical montane regions contain deeply diverged lineages, often in a relatively small geographical area, suggesting their survival there from the Pliocene. Our poor understanding of refugial biodiversity would benefit from further combined fossil and genetic studies.

scholarly journals XXIII.—On the Position of the Portus Lemanis of the Romans

Archaeologia ◽  
1867 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-374
Author(s):  
Thomas Lewin
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
South Side ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

The Portus Lemanis must clearly have been one of the great thoroughfares between Britain and the Continent, and it is not a little singular that the position of a port once so famous should never have been satisfactorily settled. The common impression is that it lay at the foot of Lymne Hill. For the benefit of those who are not familiar with this neighbourhood, I should mention, in limine, that the village of Lymne or Lympne stands about 2½ miles to the west of Hythe, on the highest part of the cliff which girds in the eastern portion of Romney Marsh. On the declivity of the hill, about half-way down, is seen the old Roman castrum, called Stuttfall, occupying 10 or 12 acres. There are walls on the north, east, and west, and the east and west walls run down to the marsh itself; but, what is remarkable, the south side towards the marsh had never any wall,” and hence the erroneous notion so generally prevalent that at the foot of the castrum was once the Portus Lemanis, and that in the course of ages the sea retired from Lymne, when the port shifted to West Hythe, and that the sea again retired, when the port was transferred to Hythe. I shall endeavour to show that these changes, if they ever occurred, must have preceded the historic period, and that in the time of the Romans, as for many centuries afterwards, the only port was Hythe. In fact Portus and Hythe are the same thing, Portus in Latin being Hyð in Saxon.

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