Assessment of dry-matter yield from grain yield in the West African Savannah Zone

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
West African ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Savannah Zone ◽  
West African Savannah

Crop residues, consisting of cereal stovers and hays made from the vegetative parts of grain legumes, are important dry-season feeds for ruminant livestock in the Savannah Zone of West Africa (van Raay, 1975; McCown, Haaland & de Haan, 1979; Jahnke, 1982). With the increasing demand on land to produce more crops and animal products, traditional systems are under pressure. There is need for a reliable means to quantify the supply of feed from various sources and to monitor the type, quantity and quality of crop residue available to livestock.

scholarly journals FERTILITY REQUIREMENTS OF PASTURES AND THEIR DIAGNOSIS

1961 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
T.W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Right ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Pastoral Farming

The basic aim in an efficient system of pastoral farming must be the highest possible sustained yields of animal products consistent with the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility. This involves the maximum production of dry matter of the right quality. This paper does not deal exhaustively with quality, but it is necessary to remind ourselves that quantity and quality are not necessarily highly correlated. Both yield and quality of dry matter depend on the soil, climate, herbage species and strains, stock and pasture management and fertiliser applications.

scholarly journals Trichoderma: A part of possible answer towards crop residue disposal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Devika O. ◽  
Subhadip Paul ◽  
Deepranjan Sarkar ◽  
Rahul Singh Rajput ◽  
Sonam Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Micro Organisms

India is one of the leading countries in agricultural production and generate large volume of crop residue. Increasing demand for food grains due to growing population leads to generation of crop residues. Due to lack of proper disposal mechanism of crop residue, farmers burn the residue which release greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere, and poses great threat to environment as well as human health. The residue burning causes greater carbon emission and nutrient losses which otherwise incorporated into the soil system may substantially improve the soil biodiversity. Besides several practices of crop residue management, the most feasible method for farmers is incorporation of residue into the soil with the inoculation of microbes. In soil system the ability of microbial community in degrading organic substances is well known. In the early stages of residue decomposition simple substrates like carbohydrates are degraded by bacteria, but in later stages degradation of complex constituents viz., cellulose, lignin needs microbes which are capable of secreting enzymes like cellulase, acting on complex organic substrates. In this context, cellulolytic micro organisms like Trichoderma have the potential and emerging as an important microbial inoculants to enhance the rate of decomposition as well as alleviate the effect of residue burning.

scholarly journals DRY MATTER DEGRADATION CHA RACTERISTICS OF RICE STOVER WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF Ficus capensis OR Alchornea cordifolia IN RUMEN FISTULATED SHEEP, GOATS OR CATTLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
J. AKINLADE ◽  
J. A. OLANITE ◽  
M. A. BAMIKOLE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
West African ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
High Degree ◽  
West African Dwarf Sheep ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

Rumen  dry  matter  degradation characteristics (soluble fraction, degradable fraction, rate of degradation and effective degradability) of leaves of two browse species (Alchornea cordifolia, Ficus capensis) and rice stover and their varying proportions (10, 20 or 30% of each browse: crop residue mixture) were evaluated in rumen fistulated West African Dwarf sheep and goats and Bunaji cattle. The forages differed (P<0.05) in soluble fraction (a) rate of degradation (c) and effective degradability (ED) but did not differ in the degradable fraction (b). Rice stover bad the highest rate of degradation and F. capensis the least. Effective degradability (ED) was highest in cattle followed by sheep and goats with a high degree of correlation among them. The inclusion of the different proportions of browse in the mixtures show some significance in a, b and ED (P<0.05). Mixture had a depressive effect on the soluble fraction of the feeds in rice stover: A. cordifolia mixtures. Degradable fraction differed mainly in F. capensis mixtures. The rate of degradation was affected mainly in sheep and cattle among the feeds in rice stover: F. capensis mixtures. The different mixtures influenced effective degradability. As with the sole feeds, ED was highest in cattle, followed by sheep and goats.

scholarly journals Potential of Crop Residues for Energy Production in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Manfred Denich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Hill District ◽  
Cooking Energy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Hill

The study aims at assessing the availability of crop residues for energy production in lowland, hill and mountain districts of Nepal. Rice, wheat, maize, millet and barley are included in the study that is based upon two different household surveys: (i) interviews conducted in 240 households to obtain key information about practices of crop harvesting, (ii) determination of the quantity of the main crops, their residues and alternative uses of the latter conducted in 27 households. Apart from the foremost use as fodder, there are five major uses of crop residues: building material, burning on the field, mulching of the field, selling and energy generation. Despite the higher amount of crop residues in the lowland (954 kg dry matter per capita and year) than in the hill district (547 kg capita-1 yr-1 ), the amount of crop residues used for energy generation higher in the hill (207 kg capita-1 yr-1 ) than in the lowland district (152 kg capita-1 yr-1 ). In the mountain district, the crop residue production is 263 kg capita-1 yr-1 , of which 26 kg capita-1 yr-1 are used for energy generation. The annual per capita energy equivalent from crop residues in the lowland, hills and mountains are 2.49 GJ, 3.42 GJ and 0.44 GJ which represent 30%, 33% and 3%, respectively, of the total annual cooking energy consumption.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CUTTING INTERVALS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF THE GREEN FODDER TRICHANTHERA GIGANTEA

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu Trung KIEN ◽  
Mai Anh KHOA ◽  
Tran Thi HOAN ◽  
Tu Quang HIEN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Cutting Height

This study was aimed to determine the effect of cutting intervals on leaf yield and quality of the green fodder Trichanthera gigantea used as feed material, mostly in poultry and rabbit diets, in order to improve farm animal products (such as meat and egg). This study included five different formulas (NT) representing five different cutting intervals, namely: NT1: 40 days, NT2: 50 days, NT3: 60 days, NT4: 70 days and NT5: 80 days of cutting intervals. All treatments were allocated in a complete block randomized design; each treatment was repeated 5 times. The other factors such as plantation density, cutting height and fertilizer dosage were similar among the treatments. The obtained results showed that from NT1 to NT5, the leaf dry matter yields were 7.34, 12.13, 12.41, 11.94 and 11.80 tons/ha/year, respectively; crude protein yields were 1.88, 3.13, 3.06, 2.78 and 2.69 tons/ha/year. When the cutting intervals increased from 40 to 80 days, the proportion of dry matter in the fresh leaves increased from 12.91% to 21.04%, crude protein proportion on dry matter decreased from 25.56% to 22.77%; crude fiber proportion on dry matter increased from 9.92% to 12.50%. Based on statistical analysis of dry matter yield and leaf chemical composition of green fodder T. gigantea, it is recommended that the most suitable cutting intervals for Trichanthera gigantea should be 50 – 60 days.

Productivity and forage quality of triticale-grain legume mixtures in the Trans-Baikal Territory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. Андреева ◽  
Н. Пилипенко ◽  
Л. Сидорова ◽  
Н. Харченко
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Green Mass Yield

Полевые и лабораторные исследования по возделыванию тритикале в смешанных посевах с зернобобовыми культурами проведены в 2014 2016 годах на полях НИИ ветеринарии Восточной Сибири филиала СФНЦА РАН, расположенных в ИнгодинскоЧитинской лесостепи Забайкалья. Цель исследований сравнить урожайность и питательную ценность тритикале в одновидовых и смешанных посевах с зернобобовыми культурами для получения высококачественного корма в условиях Забайкалья. Исследования выполнены на луговочернозёмной мучнистокарбонатной почве. Дана оценка зернобобовым культурам и тритикале по адаптивности к условиям выращивания, показаны их хозяйственно ценные признаки. Установлена возможность повышения продуктивности и питательной ценности кормовых агроценозов путём использования зернобобовых культур (гороха посевного и вики яровой) в смеси с тритикале. По продуктивности и питательной ценности зелёной массы смешанные посевы превосходили одновидовые агроценозы в 1,1 1,6 раза, по сухому веществу в 1,1 1,8 раза, кормовым единицам в 1,1 1,6 раза, переваримому протеину в 1,1 1,9 раза, валовой энергии в 1,2 1,9 раза. Наиболее высокую продуктивность и питательную ценность кормовых агроценозов сформировали смешанные посевы тритикале яровой с викой яровой: урожайность зелёной массы составила 20,2 т/га, сухого вещества 4,63 т/га, кормовых единиц 3,31 т/га, валовой энергии 49,5 ГДж при высокой обеспеченности переваримым протеином 168 г. В Забайкальском крае для обеспечения животноводства полноценным кормами в соответствии с зоотехническими нормами целесообразно использовать зерновые и зернобобовые культуры (тритикале яровую, вику яровую, горох посевной). Из зернобобовых культур наиболее высокой продуктивностью отличались агроценозы вики яровой, превышающие посевы гороха посевного на 8 17. Mixtures of triticale and grain legumes were tested under field and lab conditions in 2014 2016. The research was aimed to compare triticale yield and nutritional value as monoculture and grass mixture. The investigation took place on meadow chernozem carbonate soil. It evaluated the adaptability and economically important traits of triticale and grain legumes. Cultivation of grain legumes (pea and vetch) with triticale improved stand performance. Mixtures exceeded monocultures in green mass productivity and nutritional value by 1.1 1.6 times, dry matter by 1.1 1.8 times, geed units by 1.1 1.6 times, digestible protein by 1.1 1.9 times, gross energy by 1.2 1.9 times. Mixtures of spring triticale with vetch performed the best: green mass yield was 20.2 t ha1, dry matter 4.63 t ha1, feed units 3.31 t ha1, gross energy 49.5 GJ and digestible protein 168 g. Grain and grain legume crops were shown to be the good source of highquality forage, meeting the Standard. Spring vetch had the highest productivity among the grain legumes and exceeded pea by 8 17.

Effects of Crop Residue and Phosphorus Application on the Spatial Variability of Non-destructively Measured Millet Growth in the Sahel

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buerkert ◽  
R.D. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Application

SUMMARYSpatial variability in soil parameters and plant growth in the Sahel are still poorly understood and may hamper the interpretation of experimental results. This paper examines whether or not soil amendments such as phosphorus and crop residues affect the variability of final dry matter production in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Within- and between-plot variation in millet growth was studied in a three-year experiment with three levels of crop residues and four levels of phosphorus. The effects of different rates of application on within-plot variation in number of tillers, number of heads, maximum tiller height, and total above-ground dry matter of single mature millet plant stands (pockets) were calculated. Above-ground dry matter, estimated non-destructively using an equation derived from numbers of tillers and heads and from maximum plant height, gave good predictions of total dry matter for a range of genotypes across the 12 treatments. Crop residue and phosphorus application reduced the number of missing pockets, leading to a more uniform stand with fewer pockets which did not produce grain. With amendments, pockets were also taller and of more uniform height but a decrease in variability of total dry matter production only became evident after standardization of the data. The results show the need for a clear definition of ‘growth variability’ in millet and indicate that both chemical and non-chemical factors govern its expression in the Sahel.Efectos de los residuos de las cosechas y del fósforo en la variabilidad del mijo

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

scholarly journals Dataset of biomass and chemical quality of crop residues from European areas

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107227
Author(s):  
Pascal Thiébeau ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen ◽  
Fabien Ferchaud ◽  
Sylvie Recous
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Chemical Quality
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