The movement of potassium in irrigated and fertilized red sandy clay

1940 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lachower
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Sandy Clay

The present investigation was intended to furnish information concerning:(1) The movement of water-soluble and exchangeable potassium in the soil profile after successive fertilizer applications.(2) The form of potassium—exchangeable, soluble, or non-exchangeable—into which added potassium fertilizer is converted in the soil.(3) The effect of doubling the fertilizer ration on the absorption of potassium by the soil; and the effect of doubling the ration of irrigation water on the absorption and accumulation of potassium in the soil.(4) The effect of frequent successive summer irrigation following fertilizer application on the distribution of the three forms of soil potassium.(5) The effect of fertilization followed by irrigation on soil pH. value.

scholarly journals Forms and Dynamics of Soil Potassium in Acid Soil in the Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Kassa ◽  
Wassie Haile ◽  
fassile kebede
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Crop Land ◽  
Land Use Types

Quantity-intensity characteristics are among conventional approaches for studying potassium dynamics and its availability; this was assessed to determine availability in four districts: namely, Sodo Zuria, Damot Gale, Damot Sore, and Boloso Sore at three different land use type viz., enset-coffee, crop land, and grazing land. There was water soluble, ammonium acetate, nitric acid extractable potassium, exchangeable potassium, and non-exchangeable potassium studied in soil samples, which were collected from 0-20 cm depth of each land type. The study revealed that water soluble and ammonium acetate extractable potassium concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.42 cmolKg-1 soils enset-coffee and grazing land use types, respectively. The study showed that exchangeable potassium constituted the highest proportion of available potassium, while the proportion of water soluble potassium was found to be the lowest. In this study, non-exchangeable potassium concentrations varied from 0.10 to 0.04cmolKg-1soils for enset-coffee, and crop and grazing land use type. Furthermore, available potassium and exchangeable potassium concentrations were positively correlated with OC(r=0.95***), cation exchange capacity, and sand and clay(r=0.98***). In addition, the K dynamics as impacted by land use types found that the highest change in exchangeable potassium (0.31cmolkg-1soils) and potential buffering capacity (1.79cmolkg-1soils) were noted in crop land use types, whereas the lowest change(1.26cmolkg-1 soils) was observed in the enset-coffee system, The varying properties, potassium status, dynamic and land use type of soils identified in the study areas provided adequate information to design soil potassium management options and further research about the soil in each site. Therefore, application of site specific soil fertility management practices and research can improve soil potassium status and quantity intensity parameters to sustain crop productive soils.

RELEASE OF NON-EXCHANGEABLE SOIL POTASSIUM BY RESIN-EQUILIBRATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR CROP GROWTH

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Barber ◽  
B. C. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
The Difference

The non-exchangeable potassium released by soil after equilibration with cation-exchange resin was determined by extraction of the mixture with neutral ammonium acetate at room temperature and compared with a similar extraction in the absence of resin. The difference obtained following a 2-day equilibration period was called moderately-available potassium.Simple linear regression of yield on exchangeable potassium or exchangeable plus moderately-available potassium accounted for only 16 and 27 per cent respectively of the variability in yield response of corn, wheat, oats and potatoes to potassium fertilizer in the field. Multiple linear regression of yield on exchangeable and moderately-available potassium accounted for an average of 37 per cent of the variation in crop response; but a multiple quadratic regression of Log (100-per cent yield) on exchangeable and moderately-available potassium accounted for an average of 56 per cent of the variability in Log (100-per cent yield). Multiple quadratic regression of absolute yield or per cent yield on exchangeable and moderately-available potassium accounted for 46 and 50 per cent, respectively, of the variability in crop response to potassium fertilizer.

POTASSIUM-SUPPLYING POWER OF SOME CANADIAN SOILS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Exchangeable Form

The amounts of exchangeable potassium in surface samples of 11 Canadian soils were significantly correlated with uptake of potassium by plants in the greenhouse. Per cent K-saturation and water-soluble potassium were indicative of the percentage of K-uptake that was derived from soil potassium in exchangeable form at the time of seeding.Amounts of non-exchangeable potassium extracted from the soils by repeated boiling in 1 N HNO3, by H-saturated exchange resin, and by continuous leaching with 0.01 N HCl were significantly correlated with each other and with the amounts of this form of potassium removed by plants.Following cropping, release of non-exchangeable potassium to exchangeable form during moist incubation of the samples for 112 days was slight. When samples containing different levels of exchangeable potassium were incubated moist for 13 months and then wetted and dried five times, potassium tended to be released to exchangeable form or converted to non-exchangeable form depending on initial level established. The degree of K-saturation at which potassium in six Ontario soils would be expected to be at equilibrium was estimated by regression to be 1.21 per cent. There was evidence that the degree of K-saturation for equilibrium in a Brown soil from Saskatchewan was at least 4.5 per cent.

EXCHANGEABLE AND WATER-SOLUBLE POTASSIUM IN SOILS AND DEGREE OF SATURATION IN RELATION TO TOMATO YIELDS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Halstead ◽  
H. B. Heeney
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Prince Edward County

In 33 field trials on soils varying in texture from sandy loam to clay loam in Prince Edward County, Ontario, exchangeable potassium, per cent potassium saturation, and water-soluble potassium were significantly correlated with yield response of tomatoes to potassium fertilizer on the sandy loam soils, but there was no correlation within the loam and clay loam groups. The mean c1 value in the modified Mitscherlich equation relating exchangeable potassium to yield response within the sandy loam group was 0.00555 and the coefficient of variation was 19.8 per cent. The corresponding coefficients for c1 values based on per cent potassium saturation and water-soluble potassium were of greater magnitude. The amounts of potassium soluble in boiling 1 N HNO3 were not related to yield response.Exchangeable potassium and the non-exchangeable form soluble in boiling 1 N HNO3 increased, whereas water-soluble potassium decreased with increasing clay content of the samples. Water-soluble potassium was significantly correlated with per cent potassium saturation within the sandy loam and loam groups.

Forms of potassium in the profiles of two long-term experiments in relation to K nutrition of crops

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
A. N. Ganeshamurthy ◽  
C. R. Biswas ◽  
Bhajan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Rate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Discernible Difference ◽  
Exchangeable Form

Potassium occurs in soils in four different forms, namely water-soluble, exchangeable, nonexchangeable and mineral (Reitemeir, 1951; Munson & Nelson, 1963). Water-soluble and exchangeable forms are considered to be directly available to plants. Under continuous cropping one may therefore expect depletion of these two forms, but in fact not much discernible difference in the amounts of available K was observed even after a few crops had been grown. Hence several people have stated that there exists an equilibrium among the following forms of KThis equilibrium implies that a change in magnitude of a form is compensated by the movement from, to and among other forms (Reitemeir, 1951; Garman, 1957; Munson & Nelson, 1963; Chevalier, 1971). If water-soluble and exchangeable forms of K are removed by crops more potassium would become exchangeable from non-exchangeable forms (Maurya & Ghosh, 1972). Whether soils when cropped can maintain the level of exchangeable K depends upon the type of soil, nature and intensity of cropping, the relative rate of removal and release from non-exchangeable form. Continuous cropping therefore alters the existing equilibrium of soil potassium in the profile as crop roots penetrate as deep as 2 m. Since all the potassium fertilizer for a crop is applied at sowing, the temporary overloading of the system may cause leaching losses of K in light soils. This may result in the enrichment of deeper layers.

scholarly journals The effect of sodium and potassium fertilizer on the mineral composition of sugar beet

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Potash Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Plants from salt and potash fertilizer trials at Bothamsted were harvested at intervals throughout the growing seasons of 1942 and 1943 and analysed for N, K, Na, Ca, Mg and Mn.The uptake of nutrients is discussed with respect to field methods of fertilizer application.Salt increased beet yield in both years, but it did not act by mobilizing soil potassium reserves and increasing the potassium status of the plant. Potash fertilizer, although increasing the potassium status of the plant, did not increase yield. Sodium and potassium were differently distributed in the plant. At harvest, only 6% of the plant's sodium content was in the root compared with 33% of the potassium. The potassium, but not the sodium content of the petiole, was higher than that of the lamina until the end of August. Sodium thus is a nutrient for beet and not a potassium substitute.

scholarly journals Effect of potassium fertilization on its available and fixed content in vineyard soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Licina ◽  
N. Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
K Fertilizer

The experiment was conducted on brown forest soil in the vineyard with Sauvignon blanc variety on Kober 5BB rootstock. During a thre- year experiment (1994-1996), potassium fertilizer was added in a dose of 0 kg K2O/ha, 50 kg K2O/ha, 100 kg K2O/ha, 150 K2O/ha respectively. After the determination of soil potassium content (1870-1920 mg K2O/100 g), its available form was monitored by using two different extraction methods (AL method and 1N ammonium-acetate extraction). The amount of extracted available K was not significant between the used methods, while the effect of fertilization was visible only at 150 kg/ha potassium rate during the first year in soil layers (30-60 cm, 60-90 cm). Also, another examined soil K fraction (fixed K+) was not affected by K fertilizer application.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY ON OPTIMAL NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZER RATES ON SPATHIPHYLLUM `PETITE'.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 636b-636
Author(s):  
Ricardo Campos ◽  
David Wm. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Tissue Calcium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Salinity is a limiting factor in plant growth. The combination of water high in soluble salts and water-soluble fertilizers can induce salt damage in plants. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of salinity in irrigation water on optimal fertilization rates in Spathiphyllum `Petite'. The combination of 5 levels of fertilizers and 5 salinity levels were tested. Maximum growth was observed at 250 mg l-1 N and no salts, and with 2000 mg l-1 salts at 125 mg l-1 N. As salt levels increased, height and leaf area decreased. Tissue calcium, sodium, and chloride increased with increasing levels of salinity. Tissue nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium generally increased with increasing levels of fertilizers, and were not affected by salinity level. It is possible that high sodium and chloride concentrations in leaves, petioles, and roots produced an ion toxicity.

scholarly journals Cotton cultivar response to potassium fertilizer application in texas’ southern high plains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Yaw O. Kusi ◽  
Katie L. Lewis ◽  
Gaylon D. Morgan ◽  
Glen L. Ritchie ◽  
Sanjit K. Deb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

Modelling uranium leaching from agricultural soils to groundwater as a criterion for comparison with complementary safety indicators

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jacques ◽  
J. Šimůnek ◽  
D. Mallants ◽  
M.Th. van Genuchten
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTNaturally occurring radionuclides can also end up in soils and groundwater due to human practices, such as application of certain fertilizers in agriculture. Many mineral fertilizers, particularly (super)phosphates, contain small amounts of 238U and 230Th which eventually may be leached from agricultural soils to underlying water resources. Field soils that receive P-fertilizers accumulate U and Th and their daughter nuclides, which eventually may leach to groundwater. Our objective was to numerically assess U migration in soils. Calculations were based on a new reactive transport model, HP1, which accounts for interactions between U and organic matter, phosphate, and carbonate. Solid phase interactions were simulated using a surface complexation module. Furthermore, all geochemical processes were coupled with a model accounting for dynamic changes in the soil water content and the water flux. The capabilities of the code in calculating natural U fluxes to groundwater were illustrated using a semi-synthetic 200-year long time series of climatological data for Belgium. Based on an average fertilizer application, the input of phosphate and uranium in the soil was defined. This paper discusses calculated U distributions in the soil profile as well as calculated U fluxes leached from a 100-cm deep soil profile. The calculated long-term leaching rates originating from fertilization are significantly higher after 200 years than estimated release rates from lowlevel nuclear waste repositories.

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