The effect of triamcinolone on glucose metabolism in ketotic sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. H. Ford ◽  
Joan Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Pregnancy Toxaemia

SUMMARYThe withdrawal of food from Clun Forest ewes pregnant with twins produced signs of pregnancy toxaemia accompanied by a significant decrease in the concentration of glucose, a significant increase in the concentration of ketones, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma and a significant decrease in total entry rate and irreversible loss of glucose. A single intramuscular injection of 0·05 or 0·2 mg/kg of triamcinolone acetonide had no significant effect on the concentration of glucose, ketones or 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma or on the total entry, irreversible loss or recycling of glucose in ketotic or in normal pregnant sheep. The low dose had a significant effect on the concentration of NEFA in plasma. Recovery from the clinical signs was slow after either dose of steroid but appeared to be hastened by the onset of parturition which was more rapid after the higher dose.

The effect of trienbolone acetate on glucose metabolism in normal and ketotic sheep pregnant with twins

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. H. Ford ◽  
A. R. Samad ◽  
Hilary Pursell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Significant Fall ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Pregnancy Toxaemia

SummaryNormal and ketotio ewes pregnant with twin lambs were injected intramuscularly with 0·5 mg/kg body weight of trienbolone acetate. In the normal animals there was no significant change in the concentration of glucose, ketones, glycerol or NEFA in plasma.Induction of ketosis by starvation produced a significant fall in the concentration of glucose in plasma and significant increases in the concentration of ketones, glycerol and NEFA. Trienbolone caused no further significant changes in the concentration of the four metabolites in the plasma of ketotio sheep.Primed continuous simultaneous intravenous infusions of tracer amounts of [2-3H] and [U-14C]glucose were used to measure total entry rate and irreversible loss of glucose. Trienbolone caused significant decreases in both these measurements in normal pregnant sheep. Production of ketosis by starvation had the same effect. Trienbolone produced no significant additional effect in the ketotic sheep and no alleviation of the clinical signs of the hyperglycaemic ketosis.These results are discussed in relation to the assessment of the potential value of trienbolone as a treatment of pregnancy toxaemia of sheep.

scholarly journals The metabolism of circulating non-esterified fatty acids by the whole animal, hind-limb muscle and uterus of pregnant ewes

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
D. B. Lindsay ◽  
P. J. Barker ◽  
A. J. Northrop
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Hind Limb Muscle

1. The over-all and regional metabolism of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was studied using a combination of isotopic and arteriovenous-difference techniques.2. There was a common linear relationship, whether stearic, palmitic or oleic acids were used as tracer, between the arterial NEFA concentration and the rates of entry and oxidation.3. Assuming that the tracer used reflected the metabolism of all the NEFA, the total entry rate in fed and fasted pregnant ewes was (mean±SE) 0·44±0·02 and 0·55±0·07 mmol/h per kg body-weight respectively. Oxidation of NEFA contributed (mean±SE) 34±5 and 58±7% to the respiratory carbon dioxide in fed and fasted animals, this accounting for (mean±SE) 46±6 and 59±3% of the respective entry rates.4. Hind-limb muscle both utilized and produced NEFA. The mean gross fractional extraction (calculated from isotopic uptake) was (mean±SE) 9±1%. Gross utilization of any NEFA and appearance of 14CO2 across the muscle were linearly related to the arterial concentration of tracer fatty acid, irrespective of whether this was oleate or stearate. The amount of 14CO2 appearing was consistent with (mean±SE) 54±8% of the CO2 produced by the hind-limb being derived from NEFA oxidation.5. Infused NEFA were partly converted to ketone bodies. Uptake and oxidation in the hind-limb of ketones formed in the liver could account for approximately 20% of the 14CO2 apparently produced in muscle from NEFA. Correction for this reduces the proportion of CO2 derived from NEFA to 43%. There was some indication that ketones were also produced from NEFA in the hind-limb.6. NEFA were not a significant energy source for the gravid uterus.7. An over-all view of energy sources for the whole animal and for hind-limb muscle in normal and fasted pregnant sheep was presented.

THE EFFECT OF BETAMETHASONE ON GLUCOSE PRODUCTION AND ON GLUCONEOGENESIS FROM AMINO ACIDS IN SHEEP

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. B. REILLY ◽  
E. J. H. FORD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Mean Glucose

SUMMARY Primed continuous infusions of tracer amounts of [U-14C]glucose and of [U-14C]labelled mixed amino acids were used to measure plasma glucose and amino acid entry rates and to obtain an index of the incorporation of amino acid carbon into glucose by sheep before and 24 h after a single intramuscular injection of betamethasone. Maximum hyperglycaemia occurred 24 h after administration of the steroid, but there was no significant change in arterial amino acid concentration. Mean glucose entry rate was significantly raised 24 h after steroid administration. The rate of incorporation of amino acid carbon into glucose also increased significantly. The increases in plasma glucose concentration and in glucose entry confirm the authors' previous results. The results also indicate that a significant proportion of the additional glucose entry is synthesized from amino acid carbon.

Plasma non-esterified fatty acids in sheep

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Annison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Nefa Level

Concentrations of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in sheep were found to be within the range 0.1–0.9 m-equiv/l. Relatively high levels (1.0–2.5 m-equiv/l) occurred in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep when fasted. Intravenous injection of glucose (1.0 g/kg body wt.) depressed KEFA concentrations to levels of about 0.05 m-equiv/l. Insulin, injected intravenously, caused an initial fall in the NEFA level, followed by a sharp rise which was maintained throughout hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that in sheep, as in many other species, NEBA are of major metabolic importance.

Effects of continuous intravenous infusion of an ovine placental extract enriched in placental lactogen on plasma hormones, metabolites and metabolite biokinetics in non-pregnant sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thordarson ◽  
G. H. McDowell ◽  
S. V. Smith ◽  
S. Iley ◽  
I. A. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Plasma Hormones ◽  
Placental Extract

ABSTRACT Continuous intravenous infusions of saline or of a placental extract containing ovine placental lactogen were given to three non-pregnant, non-lactating ewes over periods of 36 h, 1 week apart. During saline infusion no placental lactogen was detected in jugular vein plasma, but infusion of the placental extract raised the placental lactogen concentration from undetectable to 40-50 μg/l, similar to concentrations in ewes with one fetus on day 90 of pregnancy. By comparison with the saline control period, infusion of the placental extract consistently increased both plasma concentrations and irreversible loss of non-esterified fatty acids. Plasma concentrations of glucose and urea, but not irreversible loss of these metabolites, were consistently increased. Although the placental extract was not subjected to extensive purification, it was enriched in placental lactogen and contained no detectable contamination with insulin, prolactin or growth hormone. The results are suggestive of a role for placental lactogen in modifying metabolism and acting during pregnancy to provide nutrients for fetal metabolism. J. Endocr. (1987) 113, 277–283

scholarly journals Brief report on a phase I/IIa study to assess the safety, tolerability, and immune response of AGMG0201 in patients with essential hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Nakagami ◽  
Tetsuya Ishihama ◽  
Yuichi Daikyoji ◽  
Chieka Sasakura ◽  
Ei Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Moderate Hypertension ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Escalation Study ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
To Receive

AbstractWe have been developing an angiotensin II vaccine for hypertension. We conducted a placebo-controlled dose escalation study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and immunological responses of this angiotensin II vaccine (AGMG0201). AGMG0201 was administered to participants with mild to moderate hypertension between 18 and 79 years of age. Twelve patients each were enrolled in the low-dose and high-dose groups. Within each group, subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the active study drug or a placebo at a ratio of 3:1. Each participant received a single intramuscular injection, followed by a second injection 30 days later, and was monitored for 360 days after the second dose. The results showed that most treatment-related adverse events were classified as mild or moderate in severity, including pain and erythema at the injection site. Anti-angiotensin II antibodies were observed in the AGMG0201 patients, especially in the high-dose group. Overall, AGMG0201 was well tolerated.

THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON THE KINETICS OF PLASMA NONESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS IN GROWING HEREFORD HEIFERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. EISEMANN ◽  
D. E. BAUMAN ◽  
A. C. HAMMOND ◽  
P. J. REYNOLDS ◽  
H. F. TYRRELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words Growth Hormone ◽  
Kinetics Of

The influence of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on the irreversible loss and oxidation rate of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was evaluated in six Hereford heifers fed at near-maintenance energy intake. Subcutaneous injection of bGH increased both the concentration (P < 0.05) and irreversible loss (P < 0.001) of plasma NEFA. Key words: Growth hormone, nonesterified fatty acids, cattle

scholarly journals Acetate Metabolism in the Mammary Gland of the Lactating Ewe

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
JM Gooden ◽  
EF Annison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Acetate Production ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Carbon ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference

Acetate metabolism in the mammary gland of lactating ewes was studied by continuous infusion of radioisotopic [U-14C)sodium acetate and measurement of mammary gland arteriovenous difference and blood flow. Entry rate of acetate into the whole body averaged 75 � 7 /Lmol min -I kg -I liveweight and 22' I � 2 . 7 % of total C02 production was derived from acetate. Acetate was both utilized and produced by the mammary gland. Acetate uptake was related linearly (r2 = o� 94) to arterial concentration and gross utilization of acetate accounted for 16' 2 � 2 . 6 % of whole-body entry rate. Endogenous acetate production by the mammary gland increased linearly (r2 = O� 90) as milk yield rose, and accounted for 25 . 6 � 2 . 7 % of the gross mammary utilization of acetate. The proportion of mammary C02 derived from acetate (22' 5 � 3' 9%) was similar to that of the whole body. The uptake of acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, esterified fatty acids and plasma free fatty acids accounted for about 25, 13, 60 and 4% of milk fatty acid carbon respectively, after correction for the oxidation of acetate, but not of the other substrates. Metabolism of acetate in the mammary glands of lactating ewes appears quantitatively more important than that in cows, b~t similar to that in goats.

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