Nitrogen and dry-matter accumulation in high lysine and normal varieties of barley

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Rhodes ◽  
G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Normal Varieties ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

SUMMARYDry matter and Kjeldahl nitrogen estimations were made on the roots and shoots of the barley varieties Riso 1508, Hiproly and Maris Mink from the seedling stage to maturity under three nitrogen treatments. After heading, the shoots were further separated into ears and stems plus leaves. Total plant nitrogen uptake was greatest in the high lysine variety Riso 1508 and was associated with a greater production of dry matter. However, the proportion of total plant nitrogen and dry matter in the grain was highest in the variety Maris Mink and this effect increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The comparative efficiency of dry-matter production and nitrogen translocation of these varieties is discussed in relation to breeding barley of improved protein yield and quality.

scholarly journals Models to estimate phytomass accumulation of hydroponic lettuce

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidinei José Lopes ◽  
Durval Dourado Neto ◽  
Paulo Augusto Manfron ◽  
Luís Renato Jasniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Matter Production

The protected and hydroponics cultivation are increasing in Brazil, demanding a better knowledge of crop performance in this environment. Plant dry matter accumulation as a function of solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity and other weather parameters in greenhouse is different when compared with field cultivation. With the purpose of proposing models to characterize the temporal variation of leaf and total dry matter production of hydroponics-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and to determine the flowering period and the maximum dry matter accumulation rate as a function of plant relative development (relative degree-days), solar radiation and effective thermal index, two experiments (Spring and Autumn) were carried out in the greenhouse, at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Growth and development models are useful in obtaining basic information on the plant <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> environment interactions, maximizing the use of resources in greenhouse, as well as, to define the best form of crop management. The cultivar Vera was chosen as function of its earliness. Models were proposed to estimate the temporal variation of dry matter accumulation, where the best results for relative development were obtained using effective degree-days, characterizing the importance of the air temperature for the vegetative phase and the solar radiation for the reproductive. The yield and quality of the lettuce seeds evidenced a high potential of hydroponics technique.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

A quantitative study of the effects of gibberellic acid on the growth of Festuca arundinacea

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation

Single plants of Festuca arundinacea (cv. S170) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and the sequence of effects on the growth of the whole plant and of various organs followed by means of growth analysis. The first effect of GA was to change the distribution of dry matter between shoot and root and between tillers within the shoot without affecting total plant weight. Shoot growth was increased and resulted in a larger amount of photosynthetic tissue with a higher net assimilation rate; total plant weight increased as a consequence of these effects. The significance of these results in interpreting previous work on the effects of GA on dry matter production in grasses and other plants is discussed.

Influence of row spacing on growth, light and water use by sorghum

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McGowan ◽  
H. M. Taylor ◽  
J. Willingham
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Reduced Water

SUMMARYGrain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) was grown in Texas in 1985 at a constant population density of c. 6·6 plants/m2 in rows 0·5, 1·0 and 1·5 m apart and with the soil profile at field capacity at planting time. Dry matter production and yield were least at the widest spacing, principally because of a reduction in number of tillers. Dry matter accumulation was in direct proportion to the amount of light intercepted and largely independent of spacing between rows, with a conversion coefficient of 1·71 g dry matter/MJ energy intercepted. The most widely spaced crop used less water but not in proportion to the extent that ground cover was reduced. Water use efficiency was also less in the most widely spaced crop, probably because of heat advection from the bare soil between rows.

scholarly journals Exceeding Potassium and Zinc Application Rate above Farmers Practiced Rate Improves Dry Matter Partitioning, Photosynthetic Attributes, Yield and Quality of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Dryland Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Subhradip Bhattacharjee ◽  
V. M. Bhale ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Sheilendra Kumar ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

Aims: This field experiment was conducted to compare the combined application of different rates of potassium and zinc application against the standard farmers practised application rate based on dry matter distribution, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, sub stomatal C02 concentration, stomatal conductance, grain yield and quality attributes (protein and carbohydrate content and yield).  Place and Duration of Study: This short-term field trial was conducted on the Agronomy Research Farm of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, India on the Kharif (Post monsoon) season of 2016. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors i.e., potassium and zinc, each having three levels. The experiment was replicated thrice. The three potassium levels were 30, 60 and 90 kg K2O ha-1 while the zinc was applied 20, 30 and 40 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 as three distinctive levels.  A short duration dwarf maize cultivar Ravi-81 was used for the experiment. Results: Perusal of experiment results confirmed that potassium and zinc have positive interaction even in short duration crop under dryland condition. The higher dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, photosynthetic attributes, yield, protein content, protein yield, and carbohydrate yield has been recorded with the application of potassium at a rate of 60 kg K2O ha-1 along with zinc application of 30 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 which has been found to be statistically superior over farmers adopted practice (30 kg K2O ha-1 along with zinc application of 20 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1). Conclusion: Combined application of potassium and zinc has positive interaction on each other, and the increased rate is needed to meet the demand for short duration high yielding maize crop for enhanced growth, yield and quality attributes.

scholarly journals Physiological and Agronomic Strategies to Increase Mungbean Yield in Climatically Variable Environments of Northern Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvir S. Chauhan ◽  
Rex Williams
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Variable Environments

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Australia has been transformed from a niche opportunistic crop into a major summer cropping option for dryland growers in the summer-dominant rainfall regions of Queensland and New South Wales. This transformation followed stepwise genetic improvements in both grain yields and disease resistance. For example, more recent cultivars such as &lsquo;Crystal&rsquo;, &lsquo;Satin II&rsquo; and &lsquo;Jade-AU&lsquo; &nbsp;have provided up to a 20% yield advantage over initial introductions. Improved agronomic management to enable mechanised management and cultivation in narrow (&lt;50 cm) rows has further promised to increase yields. Nevertheless, average yields achieved by growers for their mungbean crops remain less than 1 t/ha, and are much more variable than other broad acre crops. &nbsp;Further increases in yield and crop resilience in mungbean are vital. In this review, opportunities to improve mungbean have been analysed at four key levels including phenology, leaf area development, dry matter accumulation and its partitioning into grain yield. Improving the prediction of phenology in mungbean may provide further scope for genetic improvements that better match crop duration to the characteristics of target environments. There is also scope to improve grain yields by increasing dry matter production through the development of more efficient leaf canopies. This may introduce additional production risks as dry matter production depends on the amount of available water, which varies considerably within and across growing regions in Australia. Improving crop yields by exploiting photo-thermal sensitivities to increase dry matter is likely a less risky strategy for these variable environments. Improved characterisation of growing environments using modelling approaches could also better define and identify the risks of major abiotic constraints. This would assist in optimising breeding and management strategies to increase grain yield and crop resilience in mungbean for the benefit of growers and industry.

Genotype and year effects on morphological and agronomical traits of silage maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Tóthné Zsubori ◽  
I. Pók ◽  
Z. Hegyi ◽  
C. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Few Data

Leafy hybrids represent a new direction in the breeding of silage maize. Not only does the increased number of leaves above the ear in these hybrids lead to an increase in dry matter production, but the large quantity of carbohydrates formed and stored in the leaves results in silage with better chemical quality. Many papers have been published abroad on this subject, but few data have been reported in Hungary.The present work aimed to examine the effect of genotype and year on six leafy and non-leafy silage maize hybrids over a period of four years (2002–2005), with special emphasis on the plant height, ear attachment height, leaf number, and fresh and dry matter yield.The results showed that the number of leaves above the ear was much higher for the two leafy hybrids (8.00 and 9.35) than the average of the other hybrids (5.56, averaged over the years). This trait was in close negative correlation (r 2 = −0.7346) with the ratio of ear attachment height to total plant height, a trait with strong genetic determination, little influenced by the year. In leafy hybrids the main ear was located far lower down, but the total plant height was similar to that of the other hybrids. The ratio of ear attachment height to plant height was 0.36 for the leafy hybrids, but ranged from 0.41 to 0.45 for the other hybrids (averaged over the years). In wetter years the hybrids were taller and had greater dry matter production per plant than in the dry year.

Impact of weather variables on drymatter accumulation and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties under different dates of sowing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanunola Tzudir ◽  
Shrabani Basu ◽  
Srijani Maji ◽  
Purnendu S. Bera ◽  
Rajib Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

A two year experiment was conducted at the BCKV with four mungbean varieties (Pant Mung-5, Bireswar, RMG-62 and Sukumar) sown under three dates (15th February, 1st and 15th March) in a split plot design where dates of sowing and varieties were allotted to main and sub plot treatments respectively with three replications. PAR was recorded with the help of line quantum sensor. Dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and yield were measured. Canonical correlation and correspondence analysis showed that absorbed PAR during 32 to 46 days after emergence (DAE) increased dry matter, pod and seed yield. PAR use efficiency (PARUE) of mungbean ranged from 0.75 to 0.88 g MJ-1 for seed yield. PARUE for dry matter production was maximum during 39 to 46 DAE. According to PARUE and heat use efficiency, Pant Mung-5 should be sown within 1st March in this zone. Growing degree day requirement gradually increased with delayed sowing.

Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of High-Yielding Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Grown in a Sandy Soil1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Halevy ◽  
A. Hartzook
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Total Uptake ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Growth and NPK uptake of peanut of cultivar Shulamit (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy soil (Xeropsamment - Torripsamment) was investigated under favorable semi-arid conditions conducive to high yields. The rate of dry matter production was slow until flowering at 44 days after planting when only 6% of the total dry matter had been produced. From flowering until 111 days. 58% of the total dry matter was produced with an average rate of 97 kg DM ha-1 day-1. Thereafter, from 112 days until 128 days, at the pod ripening stage, the rate was 233 kg DM ha-1 day-1. Total dry matter production was 11,200 kg ha-1, of which 54% was in the leaves and stems and 46% in the pods. The pod dry matter yield was 5200 kg ha-1. The total uptake of N and P followed generally that of dry matter production, whereas highest K uptake occurred at 128 days and then decreased by 26% at harvest time. The total uptake of N, P, and K was 300, 27 and 244 kg ha-1, respectively. At 128 days the N, P, and K in the pods was 63, 71, and 16% of the total uptake of N, P, and K, respectively.

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