Effect of reduction in phosphorus intake on salivary phosphorus secretion and on duodenal digesta and dry-matter flow in sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scott ◽  
W. Buchan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Phosphorus Intake ◽  
Matter Flow

The Agricultural Research Council (1980) has recently published revised estimates of the phosphorus requirements for ruminants. These new estimates are considerably lower than those formerly recommended (Agricultural Research Council, 1965) and some concern has been expressed as to whether or not they are adequate (Cooke, 1982; Todd, 1983).

Validation of new systems for protein evaluation in ruminants by testing the effect of urea supplementation on intake and digestibility of straw with or without sodium hydroxide treatment

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
D. A. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Treatment

SUMMARYMilled barley straw, either untreated or treated with 70 g of NaOH/kg straw was supplemented with four levels of urea, namely 0, 6, 12 or 18 g/kg and fed ad libitum to young sheep. For the untreated straw, dry-matter intakes were (g/day) 423, 451, 441 and 463, while the digestibility of organic matter was 458, 467, 490 and 483 g/kg, respectively. For the treated straw, the intakes of dry matter were 355, 402, 531 and 567 g/day and the digestibility of organic matter was 423, 480, 589 and 628 g/kg respectively.The different responses to urea supplementation of treated and untreated straw are discussed in relation to a new system of estimating protein requirements for ruminants put forward by the Agricultural Research Council.

Endogenous faecal loss of phosphorus in growing lambs and the calculation of phosphorus requirements

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
P Absorption

SUMMARYThe endogenous faecal loss of P has been investigated in growing lambs given diets either grossly deficient, moderately deficient or just adequate in P. This loss was found to increase in direct relation to the increased P intake, in spite of the high P requirements of the deficient animals, which suggests that some increased loss with increased P intake is inevitable. Results throw doubt on the validity of the assumption made by the Agricultural Research Council (1980) in their calculations of P requirements, that the endogenous faecal loss of P is maintained at a constant level equal to that which occurs at zero P intake, until requirements are met.Even on the diet which was, according to Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations, just adequate in P, lambs were unable to retain the expected amount of P commensurate with their growth. This inability to retain P was not due to a failure of P absorption, since the efficiency of absorption from this diet was higher than the value used by the Agricultural Research Council (1980) in their calculations. Rather, it must have been due to an inevitable endogenous faecal loss of P that was considerably higher than the value assumed by the Agricultural Research Council (1980).It is suggested that in future the value of endogenous faecal loss used in calculations of P requirements is the minimum one that allows a particular requirement to be achieved.

scholarly journals Faecal endogenous loss of calcium in young sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Chrisp ◽  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
N. D. Grace
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement

1. Two groups of eight 6–7-month-old wether lambs were offered either a frozen ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)-white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture or a ryegrass-white clover hay, containing 12.1 and 6.4 g calcium/ kg dry matter (DM) respectively. Within groups the amounts offered to individual sheep ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 times the estimated maintenance energy requirements.2. A single intravenous injection of 150 μCi 45Ca as CaCl2. 2H2O, and stable balances were used to determine absorption, faecal endogenous loss and balance of Ca.3. Faecal endogenous loss of Ca increased by 1.2 mg/kg body-weight (W) per d with each g/kg W per d increase in DM intake regardless of the diet. At any DM intake the mean faecal endogenous loss was 5.5 mg/kg W per d higher in the sheep offered the frozen herbage diet when compared with those on the hay diet. At any Ca intake the mean faecal endogenous loss was 6.9 mg/kg W higher in sheep offered the hay diet compared with those on the frozen herbage.4. At feeding levels of about 1.5–2 times the estimated maintenance energy requirement the observed faecal endogenous loss of Ca ranged from 35 to 50 mg/kg W per d, which is two- to threefold greater than the present estimate of the Agricultural Research Council (1980) of 16 mg/kg W per d.5. A simple model to explain the variation in faecal endogenous loss of Ca between the present study with young sheep and that with lactating ewes (Chrisp et al. 1989) also offered herbage diets is developed, which incorporates the concept of a true endogenous loss related to DM intake and a net endogenous loss reflecting the extent of re-absorption of Ca endogenous losses within the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Calcium and phosphorus requirements of the ewe during pregnancy and lactation

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
P Absorption

1. Mineral balance and radioisotope studies have been carried out to test the adequacyof the recent Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations for calcium and phosphorus for pregnant and lactating ewes. At the same time, P metabolism was compared throughout pregnancy and lactation in ewes fed according to these recommendations and in ewes fed a plentiful supply of dietary Ca and P.2. Bone mineral stores were mobilized in late pregnancy and early lactation, irrespective of the rate of P absorption. These stores were then replaced in mid- to late lactation in ewes given the plentiful Ca and P intake but not in the ewes given the restricted intake.3. Results suggest that these changes in bone stores occurred as a result of changes in Ca requirements rather than in P requirements, and that accretion of P into bone or resorption of P from bone occurred merely as a conseqence of this change in Ca requirements.Immediate demands for P for maintenance and fetal or milk production do not reflect net Pdemands, which also take into account changes in bone P metabolism.4. The rate of P absorption was directly related to net demands and the rate of endogenous excretion was inversely related to net demands.5. Absorption and endogenous faecal loss of P were also both directly related to P intake.6. A lack of dietary Ca, particularly in mid- to late lactation, makes it impossible to draw conclusions on the adequacy of the Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations for P. Results do suggest, however, that P requirements ought to be calculated according to net demands for P rather than immediate demands.

scholarly journals Effect of concentrate: voluminous ratio on the performance of Santa Inês lambs

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1637-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Palomo de Oliveira ◽  
Juan Rámon Olalquiaga Perez ◽  
Joel Augusto Muniz ◽  
Antonio Ricardo Evangelista ◽  
José Camisão de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Concentrate Inclusion

The experiment was carried out in the sheep division of Universidade Federal de Lavras, aiming to evaluate the effect of different concentrate : voluminous ratio on the performance of Santa Inês lamb after wean. 40 lambs, male uncastrated, were used and fed with four different diets: diet A (100% concentrate), diet B (75:25 concentrate : voluminous) , diet C (50:50 concentrate : voluminous) , diet D (25:75 concentrate : voluminous). The experimental diets were isoproteic, differing only on its levels of concentrate : voluminous and balanced to meet the nutritional demands according to the recommendation of the Agricultural Research Council (1980). The experimental period was not pre-established, because it corresponded to the necessary period for the last lamb to reach the live weight of 35kg. The dry matter consumption (DMC), crude protein consumption (CPC), fiber in neutral detergent consumption (FNDC) and fiber in acid detergent consumption (FADC), were affected by the different concentrate : voluminous ratio, in which, the animals that received diets with higher concentrate inclusion presenting better results for the variables related to the development. The lambs fed with the diet containing higher inclusion of voluminous did not present weight gain, on the contrary, presented weight loss, since none of the animals reached slaughter weight and the mortality rate was extremely high (80%).

A note on the effect of the dry-matter concentration in forages on water consumption of yearling steers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sekine ◽  
Y. Asahida
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Matter Concentration

Water consumption has been considered to be a function of dry-matter (DM) intake (Leitch and Thomson, 1944; Winchester and Morris, 1956). Thus, water requirement for ruminants has been presented as kg per unit of DM intake (Agricultural Research Council (ARC), 1965; Japanese Agricultural and Fishery Technology Council, 1974). Little work, however, has been done on the effect of the DM concentration of a diet on water consumption in cattle.

The nutritive value of silages

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Kelly ◽  
P. C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

1. Two calorimetric experiments were conducted to study the utilization of energy in sheep given diets of grass silage or grass silage and barley. Three silages were investigated. One was made from first-harvest grass in the spring (S) and the others from regrowth cut either early or late in the autumn (E and L respectively). All were of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and preserved with formic acid. Each silage was given at two levels of feeding, the lower providing approximately a maintenance energy intake. The S and L silages were also given supplemented with barley.2. The digestibilities of organic matter, cellulose and energy in the silages were high. Measured at maintenance, digestible energy (de) contents (MJ/kg dry matter (dm)) were 11.83, 14.67 and 12.90 for S, E and L respectively. The de contents of the S and E silages were depressed at the higher level of feeding but the effect was offset by changes in the energy losses as methane and urine. Metabolizable energy (me) contents (MJ/kg dm) for the three silages, S, E and L were respectively 9.88, 12.54 and 10.73 at the low level of feeding and 9.91, 11.99 and 11.08 at the high level of feeding. The mean me content of barley calculated by difference was 13.76 MJ/kg dm.3. The mean efficiencies of utilization of me for maintenance (km) for the S, E and L silages were 0.69, 0.71 and 0.68 respectively. Corresponding values for fattening (kf) were 0.21, 0.57 and 0.59. Excepting the kf for the S silage which was low, observed efficiencies were in broad agreement with those predicted by the equations of the Agricultural Research Council (1965). Similar agreement was obtained with all diets consisting of silage and barley.

Phosphorus requirements of ewes in pregnancy and lactation

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
P Absorption ◽  
Subsequent Replacement

SUMMARYThe adequacy of the Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations for phosphorus for pregnancy and lactation has been investigated in ewes given a plentiful supply of dietary calcium.The efficiency of absorption of P remained high and fairly constant throughout the whole experimental period and the rate of P absorption varied in direct relation to the P intake.The endogenous faecal loss of P also varied with P intake and at all stages of pregnancy and lactation was higher than the value assumed by the Agricultural Research Council (1980) in their calculations of P requirements.Bone mineral stores of Ca and P were lost in the normal way during late pregnancy and early lactation but were not replaced, as normal, in mid- to late lactation. At the end of the lactation, ewes were still in deficit of 125 g P and 100 g Ca.It is argued that the Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations for P, particularly in mid- to late lactation, are too low and it is recommended that future calculations of requirements for pregnancy and lactation allow for the inevitable loss and subsequent replacement of skeletal mineral stores and also for the increased endogenous faecal losses of P that appear inevitable at the high P intakes needed to meet the increased demands.

The phosphorus requirements for growth and maintenance of sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Field ◽  
R. L. Coop ◽  
R. A. Dingwall ◽  
C. S. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Balance Trials

SUMMARYPhosphorus requirements for maintenance and growth were assessed by giving to growing lambs and non-pregnant ewes diets low in P and to growing lambs a diet containing the quantity of P recommended by the Agricultural Research Council (1980).Seven 14-week-old lambs were given ad libitum a pelleted diet containing 1·88 (LP) or 2·75 (NP) g P/kg D. M. for 13 weeks. There was no effect of P intake on feed intake or growth during the first 8 weeks when the P intake of the LP groups was 1·07 of Agricultural Research Council (1980) requirements. During the last 5 weeks the P intake of the LP group was only 0·87 of Agricultural Research Council (1980) requirements and growth and feed intake were higher in the male but not female lambs in the NP group. From the 3rd week the plasma concentration of P was significantly lower (P <0·001) in the LP group. Mineralization of selected bones was less in the LP group.After 14 weeks on the diet, balance trials with 32 P were carried out on the lambs from each dietary group. P intakes ranged from 1 to 3 g/day. An additional balance trial was undertaken with eight 2-year-old female sheep consuming a hay diet (1·5 g P/day).The endogenous faecal excretion of P by the growing lambs on the LP diet and ewes was 12·2 ± 0·8 and 12·7 ± 1·00 mg/kg live weight/day respectively, very close to the value (12 mg/kg live weight/day) adopted by the Agricultural Research Council (1980). The absorbability of the P in the concentrate and hay diets was 0.71 ±0·267 and 0·74 ± 0·0218 respectively, the former agreeing with and the latter higher than the corresponding value for Agricultural Research Council (1980).

scholarly journals Calcium and phosphorus requirements of the ewe during pregnancy and lactation

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Subsequent Replacement

1. Mineral balance and radioisotope studies have been carried out to test the adequacy of recent Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations for calcium and phosphorus for pregnant and lactating ewes. At the same time, Ca metabolism was compared throughout pregnancy and lactation in ewes restricted to these recommendations and in ewes given a plentiful supply of dietary Ca and P.2. Irrespective of their Ca intake, ewes were unable to absorb enough dietary Ca in late pregnancy and early lactation to meet the high demands, and skeletal stores of Ca were mobilized to make good the deficit.3. Whereas ewes given the plentiful intake absorbed enough dietary Ca in mid- to late lactation to replace their lost skeletal Ca stores, ewes given the restricted Ca and P intake did not and, at the end of lactation, were still in deficit of about 10% of their total body Ca.4. Since Ca absorption in the restricted ewes occurred at the maximum efficiency (66%) expected from a hay and concentrates diet, the Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations for Ca, particularly in mid-to late lactation, must be inadequate.5. It is suggested that in calculating requirements, allowance must be made for the inevitable loss and subsequent replacement of skeletal stores.6. The endogenous faecal loss of Ca was found to vary in direct relation to the food intake, and the significance of this finding to calculations of Ca requirements is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document