The response of pastures in Northern Ireland to N, P and K fertilizers and to animal slurries: I. Effects on dry-matter yield

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Pasture Yield

SUMMARYSixteen factorial experiments made from 1969 to 1971 on Northern Ireland pastures measured effects on yield of 0, 180 or 360 kg of N, 0, 30 or 60 kg of P and 0, 150 or 300 kg of K/ha/year both with and without 138,000 1 of slurry/ha.Without slurry, pasture yield was almost always substantially increased by nitrogen, slightly by potassium and hardly at all by phosphorus. There was a slight positive interaction between nitrogen and potassium, but no other interactions. Response to nitrogen was not linear and therefore was lower than has been obtained in many British trials.Slurry sharply reduced response to nitrogen and virtually eliminated response to phosphorus and potassium. The NH4-nitrogen content of slurry gave an adequate measure of its effect on pasture yield. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the most concentrated slurries were 15, 29 and 36 times respectively those of the most dilute batches. Hence considerable imprecision is brought into a fertilizer programme when slurry is applied.As manuring on individual fields can never be precise, the fertilizer phosphorus and potassium needed for grassland is best assessed by considering the farm as a whole. A nutrient balance can show if the farming system is gaining or losing phosphorus and potassium. The amounts of fertilizer phosphorus and potassium needed are those which cover any deficits on the farm as a whole.

scholarly journals Influence of the sanitary sewage application method to closed-end furrows on the macronutrient extraction capacity and productivity of elephant grass

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Araújo Marques ◽  
Antonio Teixeira de Matos ◽  
Thiago Henrique Ribeiro Silvério ◽  
Ana Paula Miranda Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Plots

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the form of raw sanitary sewage (RS) application in closed-end and level-bottom furrows on the dry matter yield and macronutrient extraction capacity (extraction of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) by the aerial part (stem and leaves) of elephant grass. Fertigation of elephant grass with RS were conducted for 3 uninterrupted years, and the RS application dose was established as a function of the amount of sodium fed to the soil (300 kg ha−1 year−1). In the experimental planning four treatments were established, where two experimental plots received RS and the water demand was complemented by treated water from the public supply network (TW), with and without alternation in the position of RS application in the furrows (TFA and TFN, respectively); and as a control there were two experimental plots in which the plants received conventional mineral fertilization, where the grass was irrigated with TW, with and without alternation in the position of water application in the furrows (TWA and TWN, respectively). The greatest mean dry matter yield (29.9 Mg ha−1 year−1) and mean macronutrient extraction values were found for plants submitted to TFA (688, 102, 508 kg ha−1 year−1 of N, P and K, respectively), compared to those obtained in the other treatments.

scholarly journals White lupine yield under different sowing densities and row spacings

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio L. Santi ◽  
Geomar M. Corassa ◽  
Ronei Gaviraghi ◽  
Thomas N. Martin ◽  
Mateus B. Bisognin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate different sowing densities and row spacings on grain yield and biomass in the white lupine crop, cv. ‘Comum’. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four row spacings (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) and four sowing densities in the row (10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-1), with four replicates. The evaluated variables were: grain yield, hundred-grain weight, fresh and dry matter and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant tissue. The highest grain yield was obtained with row spacing of 20 cm, regardless of plant density. The density of 25 plants m-1 and row spacing of 20 cm increased the fresh and dry matter yield. The adjustment of plant density and row spacing did not affect the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant tissue.

scholarly journals CYCLING OF WINTER FORAGE NUTRIENTS UNDER INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Andressa Perini Vengen ◽  
Bruna Thaina Bartzen ◽  
Eloisa Mattei ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego ◽  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to evaluate the decomposition and release of nutrients from the remaining straw of two annual forage species conducted in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in split plots, with three replicates. The managements were allocated in the plots (52 m2): without grazing, one grazing, and two grazings. Subplots were defined by material collection times after the forage’s desiccation (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after desiccation). Dry matter yield, amounts of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and half-life time were evaluated. Oat cultivar IPR Esmeralda had the highest initial dry matter yield (6,099 kg ha-1) when not grazed, while triticale cultivar IPR 111 showed the highest average values when subjected to grazing (8,088 kg ha-1). The amounts of N, P, and K released from the remaining dry matter, regardless of the management adopted, decreased over time. Potassium was the nutrient that presented the most accelerated release, with an average half-life of 14 days. When subjected to grazing, triticale is more efficient in nutrient cycling, providing 197, 38, and 231 kg ha-1 of N, P, and K, respectively, with a half-life time of 10, 37, and 25 days, respectively. Forage species can improve the cycling of nutrients and make them available to crops in succession in the ICLS.

scholarly journals Preliminary Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium DRIS Norms for Pineapple

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Angeles ◽  
M.E. Sumner ◽  
N.W. Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms for pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] were developed from 1185 observations of previously published leaf nutrient composition and yield. The data were divided into high-yielding (> 60 t·ha-1, 650 observations) and low-yielding (< 60 t·ha-1, 535 observations) sub-populations and the norms derived by standard DRIS techniques. The validity of the norms was tested using independently published sets of data from factorial experiments in which yield responses to N, P, and K had been obtained. In the case of most data sets, the new DRIS norms were able to make correct diagnoses where critical values failed to make any diagnoses for N, P, and K. Thus, the DRIS approach revealed nutrient deficiencies in the range normally considered to be sufficient. Increased precision is found in the evaluation of nutrient balance in the DRIS approach, which is ignored in the case of critical values.

scholarly journals BALANÇO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM MELOEIRO “PELE-DE-SAPO”

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Januário da Silva Júnior ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira ◽  
Indalécio Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

BALANÇO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM MELOEIRO “PELE-DE-SAPO”  Manoel Januário da Silva Júnior1; José Francismar de Medeiros2; Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira3; Indalécio Dutra21Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, [email protected] de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró 3Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, CCA, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia, PB,  1 RESUMO O melão produzido no estado do Rio Grande do Norte é cultivado sob irrigação, sendo uma das culturas em que mais se pratica a fertirrigação. A fertirrigação tem se mostrado como a técnica mais adequada para parcelar a dose dos nutrientes em várias aplicações durante o ciclo da cultura. Entretanto, ainda não se conhece a eficiência dessa técnica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o balanço dos nutrientes no sistema solo-planta, aplicados através da fertirrigação identificando os períodos críticos para o manejo da fertirrigação. Os tratamentos foram: doses de nitrogênio (83, 119 e 156 kgN ha-1) e doses de potássio (190, 271 e 352 kg K2O ha-1) aplicadas via fertirrigação e o experimento foi montado em blocos aleatorizados com três repetições. Coletou-se solo e planta aos 22, 33, 43, 54 e 69 dias após a semeadura e determinaram-se os teores de N, P e K na planta e no solo. O aumento da dose de nitrogênio provocou aumento das perdas desse nutriente e, quando se aumentou a dose de potássio houve acúmulo no solo. As maiores perdas de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio ocorreram no período de maior exigência nutricional da cultura. UNITERMOS: Cucumis melo L., manejo da fertirrigação, índices de eficiência  SILVA JÚNIOR, M. J. da; MEDEIROS, J. F. de; OLIVEIRA, F. H. T. de; DUTRA, I. BALANCE OF FERTIGATION IN “PELE-DE-SAPO” MELON PLANTS  2 ABSTRACT Melon production in Rio Grandedo Norte state (Brazil) is grown under irrigation and it is one of the crops where fertigation is more used. The importance of fertigation technique is attributed to nutrient dose fractioning into several applications during crop cycle. Therefore, the efficiency of this technique is not known yet. This study aimed to evaluate nutrient balance applied through fertigation in a soil-plant system to identify critical periods for fertigation management. The treatments consisted of nitrogen doses (83, 119, and 156 kgN ha-1) and potassium doses (190, 271, and 352 kg K2O ha-1) applied via fertigation and the experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Soil and plants were sampled at 22, 33, 43, 54 and 69 days after seeding to determine plant and soil contents of N, P and K. The increase in nitrogen dose raised soil nitrogen losses, but the increase in potassium dose caused accumulation in the soil. Higher losses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium occurred in the crop higher nutritional demand stage. KEYWORDS: Cucumis melo L., fertigation management, efficiency indices

scholarly journals Comparison of logistic, energy and exploitative parameters of compost and manure application by spreaders

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S33-S39
Author(s):  
Souček Jiří ◽  
Pražan Radek ◽  
Roy Amitava ◽  
Plíva Petr ◽  
Jelínek Antonín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This article deals with comparison of composts and manure use from the viewpoint of handling, transport and application on agricultural land. The published values were established by measurements under working conditions and afterwards converted on the basis of the content of nutrients defined in laboratory. Compost contained a greater share of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and had higher dry matter content and lower volume weight. Direct consumed energy expressed by recalculation of the consumed diesel fuel in case of composts moved from 5.12 MJ/kg (potassium) up to 16.19 MJ/kg (phosphorus). In case of manure it was higher and moved from 10.49 MJ/kg (nitrogen) up to 29.79 MJ/kg (phosphorus). The greatest share in energy consumption occupies transport, which was considered uniformly at the distance of 5 km. The study confirmed the feasibility of use of compost in agriculture as a partial substitute of conventional organic fertilizers; for its handling, transport and application the standard mechanization used for manure may be utilized.

scholarly journals Pig slurry characteristics, nutrient balance and biogas production as affected by separation and acidification

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. SOMMER ◽  
M. HJORTH ◽  
J. J. LEAHY ◽  
K. ZHU ◽  
W. CHRISTEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Npk Fertilization

SUMMARYAnimal slurry is separated in order to avoid excessive nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilization of crops in the field. To enhance fertilizer efficiency further, slurry and its separation products may be acidified, for instance in animal houses. The current study quantified the effects of these treatments, both individually and in combination, on fertilizer efficiency, energy production and heavy metal accumulation as a result of manure management. Acidification increased the availability of N to plants in the manure applied, and provided a better match between plant-available NPK in the manure and separation fraction applied to fields and crop need. Total biogas production was not affected by separation, whereas acidification reduced biogas production because the process was inhibited by a low pH and a high sulphur concentration. The amount of copper applied per hectare in the liquid manure to the wheat field was lower than the amount taken up and more zink and copper was applied in the solid fraction to maize field than taken up. The transportation and field application of solids and liquids did not increase management costs when compared to the transportation of slurry alone, but the investment and running costs of separators and manure acidification increased overall management costs.

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