PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Genetic progress in yield potential in wheat: recent advances and future prospects

Knowledge of the changes in physiological traits associated with genetic gains in yield potential is essential to improve understanding of yield-limiting factors and to inform future breeding strategies. Recent advances in genetic yield potential and associated physiological changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are reviewed. Genetic gains in yield potential worldwide have been both positively correlated with harvest index (HI) and above-ground dry matter (AGDM), with more frequent reports of yield progress associated with biomass since about 1990. It is concluded that an important aim of future breeding will be the increase of biomass production while maintaining the present values of HI. In winter wheat recent biomass progress has been positively associated with pre-anthesis radiation-use efficiency (RUE) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of stems at anthesis. Present results in two doubled-haploid (DH) populations show a positive linear relationship between stem WSC and grain yield in the UK environment. Results from various investigations worldwide in recent years have demonstrated that biomass increases have been associated with particular introductions of alien genes into wheat germplasm, e.g. the 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation and the 7DL.7Ag wheat-Agropyron elongatum translocation. Present results confirm a positive effect of 1BL.1RS on harvest biomass in two DH populations in the UK. The future prospects for identifying physiological traits to raise yield potential are considered with particular reference to winter wheat grown in northwestern Europe. It is proposed that optimized rooting traits, an extended stem-elongation phase, greater RUE, greater stem WSC storage and optimized ear morphology will be important for breeding progress in yield potential in future years.

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Increasing of wheat grain yield by use of a liquid fertilizer

Advance in Biological Research ◽

10.26855/abr.2020008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

Tsotne Samadashvili ◽

Gulnari Chkhutiashvili ◽

Mirian Chokheli ◽

Zoia Sikharulidze ◽

Qetevan Nacarishvili

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Field Trials ◽

Early Spring ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Liquid Fertilizer

Wheat is a vital crop in Georgia and in the world. Because of the increase in the rate of population growth, improving the grain yield is the way to meet food demand. Proper crop nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining the world’s food supply. Fertilizer is essential for accomplishing this.One of the most important means for increasing the wheat yield is fertilizer, especially, organic fertilizer. The present research was carried out to study the effects of different doses (150ml, 200ml and 300 ml on ha) of humic organic fertilizer “Ecorost” on yield of winter wheat cultivar “Tbilisuri 15”. The humic liquid fertilizer "Ecorost" is a peat-based organic-mineral fertilizer. The product is active and saturated due to the use of the latest technology and living bacteria found in peat. The field trials were conducted in 2017-2019 at the Experimental Site of Scientific Research Center of Agriculture in Dedopliskharo- arid region (Eastern Georgia).Liquid fertilizer was applied two times: in tillering stage in early spring and two weeks after - in stem elongation stage. Results indicated that the highest wheat grain yield (4t/ha) was achieved when the plants were fertilized with 300 ml on 1 ha ofEcorost. Applications of liquid fertilizer “Ecorost” increased grain yield of winter wheat by 16.2% in comparison with standard nitrogen fertilization. Thus, liquid fertilizer “Ecorost” had a significant effect on wheat grain yield compared to control standard nitrogen fertilizer.

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Adaptive Traits to Improve Durum Wheat Yield in Drought and Crown Rot Environments

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21155260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 5260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samir Alahmad ◽

Yichen Kang ◽

Eric Dinglasan ◽

Elisabetta Mazzucotelli ◽

Kai P. Voss-Fels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Association Studies ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Stay Green

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) production can experience significant yield losses due to crown rot (CR) disease. Losses are usually exacerbated when disease infection coincides with terminal drought. Durum wheat is very susceptible to CR, and resistant germplasm is not currently available in elite breeding pools. We hypothesize that deploying physiological traits for drought adaptation, such as optimal root system architecture to reduce water stress, might minimize losses due to CR infection. This study evaluated a subset of lines from a nested association mapping population for stay-green traits, CR incidence and yield in field experiments as well as root traits under controlled conditions. Weekly measurements of normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) in the field were used to model canopy senescence and to determine stay-green traits for each genotype. Genome-wide association studies using DArTseq molecular markers identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 6B (qCR-6B) associated with CR tolerance and stay-green. We explored the value of qCR-6B and a major QTL for root angle QTL qSRA-6A using yield datasets from six rainfed environments, including two environments with high CR disease pressure. In the absence of CR, the favorable allele for qSRA-6A provided an average yield advantage of 0.57 t·ha−1, whereas in the presence of CR, the combination of favorable alleles for both qSRA-6A and qCR-6B resulted in a yield advantage of 0.90 t·ha−1. Results of this study highlight the value of combining above- and belowground physiological traits to enhance yield potential. We anticipate that these insights will assist breeders to design improved durum varieties that mitigate production losses due to water deficit and CR.

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Influence of nitrification inhibitor (Nitrapyrin) on winter wheat yield

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9684 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rayehe Mirkhani ◽

Mohammad Sajad Ghavami ◽

Elnaz Ahmadi ◽

Ebrahim Moghiseh

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Nitrification Inhibitors ◽

Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

Nitrogen (N) is a crop nutrient that is commonly applied as fertilizer, however the dynamic nature of N and its propensity for loss from soil&#8208;plant systems creates a unique and challenging environment for its efficient management. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are compounds that can reduce the bacterial oxidation of NH4+&#160;to NO2&#8722;&#160;by inhibiting the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and maintaining a higher proportion of applied nitrogen in the soil by preventing nitrate loss from leaching and gaseous N losses from nitrification and denitrification. The organic compound 2-chloro-6-(tri-chloromethyl) pyridine, commonly known as nitrapyrin (NP), is such a nitrification inhibitor that is used in agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of NI (NP) on winter wheat yield compared to farmers practice without NI at a given N rate and same number of N split applications.A randomized complete block design in five replications was used in this study. Treatments were: T1 (control treatment - without urea), T2 (farmers practice - 300 kg urea/ha), and T3 (urea+NP - 300 kg urea/ha). Urea was applied in three split applications at tillering, stem elongation and booting stages in treatments T2 (farmers practice) and T3 (urea+NP). The average grain yield of winter wheat was 8.7 t ha-1 for the farmers practice (T2) and 9.1 t ha-1 for the urea+NP treatment (T3) at the same number of split fertilizer applications.The crop yield data showed that urea applied with NP (T3) did increase only slightly grain yield, as compared to farmers practice (T2). The grain yield increase with NP was about 4%, however the statistical analysis showed that this increase due to the application of urea with NP was not significant. Further research is needed to investigate additional nitrification inhibitors and their effect on wheat production.

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Increasing Hard Winter Wheat Yield Potential via Synthetic Wheat: I. Path-Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Its Components

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0382 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 2014-2022 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jessica K. Cooper ◽

A.M.H. Ibrahim ◽

J. Rudd ◽

Subas Malla ◽

Dirk B. Hays ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Path Coefficient Analysis ◽

Synthetic Wheat ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

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Physiological Traits Associated with Wheat Yield Potential and Performance under Water-Stress in a Mediterranean Environment

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2016.00987 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Alejandro del Pozo ◽

Alejandra Yáñez ◽

Iván A. Matus ◽

Gerardo Tapia ◽

Dalma Castillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Mediterranean Environment ◽

And Performance

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Physiological traits contributed to the recent increase in yield potential of winter wheat from Henan Province, China

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology ◽

10.1111/jipb.12148 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 492-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Bangwei Zhou ◽

Álvaro Sanz-Sáez ◽

Abdelhalim Elazab ◽

Tianmin Shen ◽

Rut Sánchez-Bragado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Henan Province ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Recent Increase

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Evaluating of soil sulphur forms changes in long-term field experiments of Látókép

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/2/3681 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

Evelin Kármen Juhász ◽

Andrea Balláné Kovács

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Research Station ◽

Npk Fertilizers ◽

Sulphate Content ◽

Term Field

The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes of different sulphur forms (soluble, adsorbed) in chernozem soil in a long-term field experiment supplied with increasing doses of NPK fertilizers for a long time. In addition, other objective of this study included the examination of the applicability of recommended extractants of the different sulphate fraction in Hungarian soils. A long-term field experiment was established at the Research Station of Látókép of the University of Debrecen in 1984. In addition to control, two levels of NPK fertilizer doses have been used with irrigated and non-irrigated variants. Winter wheat and corn were cropped in a crop rotation on plots. Soil samples were collected in three different development stages of winter wheat, at the stage of stem elongation (April), flowering (May) and ripening (June of 2018) from the topsoil (0–20 cm) of experiment plots. Water-soluble inorganic sulphate was extracted with 0.01M CaCl2 solutions. The soluble plus adsorbed sulphate was extracted with 0.016M KH2PO4 solution. Sulphate was measured by turbidimetric method. 0.01M CaCl2-SO42— ranged between 0.293–1.896 mg kg-1 and the 0.016 M KH2PO4-SO42- varied between 5.087–10.261 mg kg-1. The values of KH2PO4 SO42- was higher than that of CaCl2-SO42-, because KH2PO4 extracted the adsorbed and soluble fractions of sulphate, while CaCl2 extracted the soluble sulphate fraction. The amount of absorbed sulphate was calculated by the differences of KH2PO4- SO4 and CaCl2-SO4. The KH2PO4 characterizes mainly the adsorbed sulphate fraction much more than the water-soluble fraction. KCl is the most widely used extractant for the determination of plant available sulphate content of soil in Hungary; therefore, KCl-SO42- fraction also was determined. The KCl-SO42- ranged between 0.328–2.152 mg kg-1. The CaCl2-SO42- and KCl-SO42- fractions were compared and based on Pearson's linear correlation, moderate correlation was established (r=0.511) between them. In all three extractant (0.01M CaCl2, 1M KCl, 0.016 M KH2PO4) higher sulphate fractions were measured in the fertilized plots where superphosphate had been supplied for ages until 2010. The arylsulphatase activity of soil also was determined and ranged between 9.284 and 26.860 µg p-nitrophenol g-1 h-1. The lowest value was observed in the treatment with highest NPK2 dose, both in irrigated and non-irrigated areas.

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Genome-wide superior alleles, haplotypes and candidate genes associated with tolerance on sodic-dispersive soils in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-021-04021-8 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Darshan Lal Sharma ◽

Roopali Bhoite ◽

Karyn Reeves ◽

Kerrie Forrest ◽

Rosemary Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Ion Binding ◽

Metal Ion Binding ◽

Multiple Traits ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Dispersive Soils

Abstract Key message The pleiotropic SNPs/haplotypes, overlapping genes (metal ion binding, photosynthesis), and homozygous/biallelic SNPs and transcription factors (HTH myb-type and BHLH) hold great potential for improving wheat yield potential on sodic-dispersive soils. Abstract Sodic-dispersive soils have multiple subsoil constraints including poor soil structure, alkaline pH and subsoil toxic elemental ion concentration, affecting growth and development in wheat. Tolerance is required at all developmental stages to enhance wheat yield potential on such soils. An in-depth investigation of genome-wide associations was conducted using a field phenotypic data of 206 diverse Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) wheat lines for two consecutive years from different sodic and non-sodic plots and the exome targeted genotyping by sequencing (tGBS) assay. A total of 39 quantitative trait SNPs (QTSs), including 18 haplotypes were identified on chromosome 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 5A, 5D, 6B, 7A, 7B, 7D for yield and yield-components tolerance. Among these, three QTSs had common associations for multiple traits, indicating pleiotropism and four QTSs had close associations for multiple traits, within 32.38 Mb. The overlapping metal ion binding (Mn, Ca, Zn and Al) and photosynthesis genes and transcription factors (PHD-, Dof-, HTH myb-, BHLH-, PDZ_6-domain) identified are known to be highly regulated during germination, maximum stem elongation, anthesis, and grain development stages. The homozygous/biallelic SNPs having allele frequency above 30% were identified for yield and crop establishment/plants m−2. These SNPs correspond to HTH myb-type and BHLH transcription factors, brassinosteroid signalling pathway, kinase activity, ATP and chitin binding activity. These resources are valuable in haplotype-based breeding and genome editing to improve yield potential on sodic-dispersive soils.

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Dynamics of water-physical soil properties when cultivating winter wheat after fallow

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2019.2019.43409 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

А. Солодовников ◽

Б. Шагиев ◽

А. Лёвкина

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Permeability ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Chestnut Soil ◽

Clay Content ◽

State University ◽

Soil Density ◽

Minimum Tillage

Научные исследования выполнялись на тёмно-каштановой почве (среднесуглинистой по гранулометрическому составу) опытного поля Саратовского ГАУ в 20172019 годах. Цель исследований заключалась в изучении динамики плотности, водопроницаемости, влажности почвы и определении влияния различных способов основной обработки на продуктивность озимой пшеницы в паровом звене. Наблюдения за водно-физическими свойствами тёмно-каштановых почв проводились на чистых парах после первой культивации. Наибольшая плотность сложения в пахотном слое отмечалась при минимальной обработке дисковым орудием (1,22 г/см3), а наименьшая при вспашке (1,12 г/см3). Хорошая водопроницаемость в первый час отмечалась при безотвальной (102,5 мм/ч), комбинированной (120,3 мм/ч) и отвальной (126,6 мм/ч) обработках. При минимальной обработке наблюдалось снижение водопроницаемости до 76,7 мм/ч, что было ниже контроля на 39. В фенологическую фазу кущения и выхода в трубку озимой пшеницы максимальная влажность метрового слоя была при комбинированной обработке, а минимальная в варианте с обработкой дискатором. К фазе восковой спелости озимой пшеницы различия по вариантам сглаживались. Комбинированная обработка на тёмно-каштановых почвах Саратовского Заволжья обеспечивала повышение урожайности озимой пшеницы на 2,3, безотвальное глубокое рыхление на 1,4. Минимизация основной обработки почвы уменьшала продуктивность озимой пшеницы на 10,5 по сравнению с отвальной обработкой. The experiment took place on dark chestnut soil with medium clay content at the Saratov State University in 20172019. The aim was to observe the dynamics of soil density, water permeability and water content as well as to test the effect of different cultivation practices on winter wheat productivity on the background of clean fallow. Water-physical properties were analyzed after the first cultivation on the background of clean fallow. The highest soil density was observed when disking (1.22 g/cm3), the lowest one under plowing (1.12 g/cm3). Boardless, integrated and moldboard plowings provided good water permeability during the first hour 102.5, 120.3 and 126.6 mm/h, respectively. Minimum tillage reduced water permeability down to 76.7 mm/h, which was 39 lower than in the control variant. At tillering and stem elongation phases maximal water content of 1 m-layer was observed under integrated tillage while the minimal one when disking. By the middle dough stage differences among variants became insignificant. Integrated tillage improved wheat productivity by 2.3, boardless plowing by 1.4. Minimum tillage reduced wheat yield by 10.5 compared to moldboard plowing.

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Comparing a random forest based prediction of winter wheat yield to historical production potential

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-138 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yannik Roell ◽

Amélie Beucher ◽

Per Møller ◽

Mette Greve ◽

Mogens Greve

Keyword(s):

Random Forest ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Production Potential ◽

Yield Model ◽

Spatiotemporal Trends ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Historical Production ◽

Yield Map

Predicting wheat yield is crucial due to the importance of wheat across the world. When modeling yield, the difference between potential and actual yield consistently changes because of technology. Considering historical yield potential would help determine spatiotemporal trends in agricultural development. Comparing current and historical production in Denmark is possible because production has been documented throughout history. However, the current winter wheat yield model is solely based on soil. The aim of this study was to generate a new Danish winter wheat yield map and compare the results to historical production potential. Utilizing random forest with soil, climate, and topography variables, a winter wheat yield map was generated from 876 field trials carried out from 1992 to 2018. The random forest model performed better than the model based only on soil. The updated national yield map was then compared to production potential maps from 1688 and 1844. While historical time periods are characterized by numerous low production potential areas and few highly productive areas, present-day production is evenly distributed between low and high production. Advances in technology and farm practices have exceeded historical yield predictions. Thus, modeling current yield could be unreliable in future years as technology progresses.

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