Effect of leaflet size and number on agronomic and physiological traits of mungbean

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
S. SRIPHADET ◽  
P. KASEMSAP ◽  
P. SRINIVES
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Leaflet Number ◽  
Pure Lines

SUMMARYThe current work was designed to compare 13 agronomic and four physiological traits in mungbean isogenic lines (ILs) with different leaflet sizes and numbers. The IL population was developed from a cross made in 2006 at Kasetsart University, Thailand, between two pure lines (one with five small and the other with seven large leaflets), followed by continuous selfing of the progenies until F6. The resulting four IL families each exhibited seven leaflet types, viz. three normal-sized leaflets per leaf, seven large leaflets, nine large, five small, seven small, nine small or 11 small. A trial was conducted in 2008 to compare the 28 ILs using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The large multiple-leaflet lines gave higher values for seeds/pod, pod size, seed weight, seed yield, leaf area, leaf area index and proportion of light interception, but fewer clusters of pods, branches and pods per plant than the small multiple-leaflet ILs. Seed yield/plant was positively correlated with pods/plant, seeds/pod, mean seed weight, light interception, leaf area and plant height at maturity. Leaflet size showed association with more traits than did leaflet number.

Heterosis, inbreeding depression and their relationship with genetic divergence in sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Banerjee ◽  
P. Kole
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Pure Lines

Seven parents (CST2002, MT34, OS-Sel-2, TKG22, AAUDT9304-14-4, B67 and Rama), their 21 F 1 s and 21 F 2 s were grown in summer 2003 in a randomized block design with three replications. Heterosis and inbreeding depression were studied for seven important yield-contributing characters (plant height, branch number plant −1 , capsules plant −1 , seeds capsule −1 , 1000-seed weight, stick yield plant −1 and seed yield plant −1 ). Maximum heterosis for seed yield plant −1 over the mid- and better-parent was recorded in CST2002×TKG22 (43.30%) and MT34×B67 (27.22%), respectively. Mid-parent heterosis for seed yield plant −1 was due to cumulative heterosis for various important component traits, such as capsules plant −1 , seeds capsule −1 and 1000-seed weight. Inbreeding depression was highest for seed yield, followed by 1000-seed weight, capsules plant −1 , branch number and plant height, indicating the predominance of non-additive genetic effects. B67×Rama exhibited significant positive heterosis in F 1 , but non-significant inbreeding depression in F 2 for seed yield. This cross can be utilized as basic material for identifying better pure lines. The clustering pattern indicated that in general genetically diverse parents exhibited more heterosis, as evident in the majority of the crosses.

scholarly journals Effect of Spatial-Temporal Light Competition on Cotton Yield and Yield Distribution

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2346
Author(s):  
Qingru Wang ◽  
Huanxuan Chen ◽  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Fangfang Xing ◽  
Zhanbiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Distribution

The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of crop canopy is highly related to yield formation, but how it relates to yield and yield distribution is not well understood. The focus of this study was to explore the relationship between light competition under different densities and yield distributions of cotton. The experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Anyang city, Henan Province, China. A randomized block design was employed, with a total of three repeats. Each repeat had six density treatments: D1: 15,000; D2: 33,000; D3: 51,000; D4: 69,000; D5: 87,000; and D6: 105,000 plants·ha−1. As predicted, the results showed that the canopy light interception, leaf area index, plant height, and biomass of high-density cotton were higher than those of low-density cotton. The aboveground biomass produced by D6 was the highest, and was 12.9, 19.5, 25.4, 46.3, and 69.2% higher in 2019 and 14.3, 19.9, 32.5, 53.7, and 109.9% higher in 2020 than D5, D4, D3, D2, and D1, respectively. Leaf area, plant height, biomass, boll number, and boll weight were significantly correlated with the light interception rate. D5 (87,000 plants·ha−1) had a higher light interception rate and the highest yield. The highest lint yields produced by D5 were 1673.5 and 1375.4 kg·ha−1 in two years, and was 3.2, 4.3, 5.6, 9.7, and 24.7% higher in 2019, and 6.8, 10.6, 13.5, 21.5, and 34.4% higher in 2020 than D6, D4, D3, D2, and D1, respectively. The boll retention of the lower fruit branch under D5 reached 0.51 and 0.57 in two years, respectively. The shedding rate of the upper fruit branch decreased with the increase in cotton density in two years. The boll retention rate and shedding rate in the lower part of cotton plants were most closely related to light interception, with R2 values of 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. Our study shows cotton yield could be improved through higher light interception by optimizing planting density and canopy structure.

scholarly journals Components of the leaf area index of marandu palisadegrass swards subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Aparecida Giacomini ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Daniel Oliveira de Lucena Sarmento ◽  
Cauê Varesqui Zeferino ◽  
Júlio Kuhn da Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Early Return ◽  
Index Site

Leaf area index is the main sward characteristic related to the processes of light interception and competition in plant communities. The objective of this experiment was to quantify and evaluate the composition of the leaf area on tillers of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, from October/2004 to December/2005. Swards were grazed at 95 and 100% canopy light interception (LI) to post-grazing heights of 10 and 15 cm, following a 2 ' 2 factorial arrangement with four replications in a randomised complete block design. Estimates were made of sward leaf area index, site filling, specific leaf area and the dimensionless ratio between tiller leaf area and volume (R), as well as the relative contribution of basal and aerial tillers to these variables. In early spring, values of leaf area index and specific leaf area were low when compared to the other seasons, and swards grazed at 95% LI presented higher site filling and specific leaf area than those grazed at 100% LI. This resulted in higher tillering activity and increase in leaf area index in late spring, indicating quick recovery and early return of swards grazed at 95% LI to growing conditions. Aerial tillers corresponded to an important morphological adaptation of marandu palisadegrass to increase its competitive ability. Treatment 100/10 resulted in the highest and 95/15 in the lowest R values throughout the experiment, suggesting an allometric pattern of growth of tillers during regrowth in order to compensate low tiller population and optimise the leaf area index. Grazing management practices can benefit from this knowledge by promoting ideal sward conditions to maximise and accelerate growth.

Photosynthetic attributes and seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by different levels and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thavaprakash ◽  
G. Senthilkumar ◽  
S. D. Sivakumar ◽  
M. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

A field experiment was conducted at the Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India, on medium black soils during the kharif (wet) season of 1999. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with varying N/P ratios (0.67 to 2.00) along with a control with a constant level of potassium (60 kg ha-1). The results revealed that the number of green leaves plant-1, the dry matter accumulation in the leaves, leaf area (dm2 plant-1) and leaf area index (LAI) increased up to the flowering stage (65 DAS) and thereafter declined. In the early stages (seedling and button stages) there was no significant variation with respect to the number of green leaves plant-1 among the treatments except in the control. Similarly, leaf area and LAI did not vary at the seedling stage. Treatments receiving N/P ratios of ?1.0 or 1.0 with higher doses of nitrogen (120 kg N ha-1) gave a significantly higher number of green leaves plant-1, leaf area and LAI as compared to N/P ratios of <1.0 and the control in later stages. The dry matter accumulation in the leaves (g plant-1) differed in all the stages, but higher values were recorded in these same treatments. Thus, due to the higher number of green leaves, higher LAI and greater dry matter accumulation in the leaves, the treatments with an N/P ratio of ?1.0 or 1.0 with 120 kg N ha-1 produced higher seed yields (3188 to 3554 kg ha-1) than other N/P ratios (2761 to 3009 kg ha-1). The highest yield (3554 kg ha-1) was recorded with an N/P ratio of 1.0 in the treatment receiving 120 kg N and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1. The correlation coefficients between these photosynthetic attributes and seed yield were also positive and significant.

PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogaea L.)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Josina Irene Brigetha Hutubessy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fresh Seed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maximal Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Planting Distance

This research aims at investigating the influence of planting distance towards growth and yield of peanut and optimal planting distance that can raise the growth of peanut seeds. The method used was Randomized Block Design with treatment as follows: J1 = planting distance 10 cm x 15 cm, J 2 = planting distance 15 cm x 15 cm, J 3 = planting distance 10 cm x 20 cm 4, J = planting distance 15 cm x 20 cm, J 5 planting distance = 10 cm x 30 cm, J 6 = 15 cm x 30 cm. Observation Variables in this study are the height of the plant, a number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, Podsnumber/Tan, pods weight/Tan, Seedsnumber /Tan, Fresh Seed Weight/Ha, Dry Seed Weight/Tan, heavy Seed dry/Ha, Fresh maximal yield and residues weight/Tan, dry maximal yield and residue/Ha. The result of this experiment found that the use of distance planting can give a good influence on each variable observation, both on the observation of growth as well as on the yield of peanut.

scholarly journals Response of Some Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL) Hybrid Cultivars as Influenced by Argel (Solenostemmaargel, Del. Hayne) and Nitrogen Under Irrigation in Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Abubaker H. M. Adam ◽  
Abdalla Adam Hassam Mohamed ◽  
Faiza M. A. Magid ◽  
Bahar Eldeen Z. Abakar ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Area Index

A field experiment was conducted during 2017/2018 to assess the effects of Argel (Solenostemmaargel, Del. Hayne) and Nitrogen fertilizer on the performance of two Sunflower Hybrid cultivars, with the objectives to exploit an easy, economic, and accessible organic fertilizer, the Argel in the phase of the continuous increasing prices of chemical fertilizers.. This experiment was laid out on spilt-split-plot experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Observations were taken on some agronomic traits (Plant height (m), Leaf area (LA), leaf Number (NL), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Mean Seed Weight). The results revealed that the application of Argel and Nitrogen fertilizer have significantly increased the leaf Area (F= 7.22, P < 0.001), Plant Height (F=2.68, P < 0.2001), Leaf Number (F= 3.90, P < 0.0024), Leaf Area Index (F= 3.83, P < 0.0026) and Mean Seed Weight of both Serena and Opera cultivars respectively compared to the control. However, the different treatments of Argel and Nitrogen reflected variable degree of increase for the studied parameters. The study concludes that Argel is very promising, therefore a further study with different levels of Argel including other plant parameters is recommended.

scholarly journals Influence of Farmyard Manure and Jeevamrutha on Growth and Yield of Sunflower

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
M. Chaithra ◽  
G. M. Sujith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Loam Soil

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2017 at ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru to study the influence of different levels of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Jeevamrutha on growth and yield of Sunflower in red sandy loam soil. There were nine treatment combinations laid out in factorial randomized complete block design, which were replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that, the application of FYM at 150 per cent nitrogen equivalent and jeevamrutha at 1500 L ha-1significantly influenced growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index and total dry matter production. The interaction effect of FYM and jeevamrutha was significant in enhancing the seed yield of sunflower due to improvement in yield attributes like head diameter, number of seeds per head, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant.

scholarly journals Studies on site specific nutrient management (SSNM) on hybrid sunflower seed production in Southern Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Patil ◽  
M. A. Shankar ◽  
Y. G. Shadakshari ◽  
N. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Filled Seeds

A field experiment was conducted at the Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, to know the effect of Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) on growth (plant height (cm), Leaf area (cm2 ), leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production (g plant1 ) and yield (capitulum diameter (cm), No. of filled seeds, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield (kg ha-1 ) of hybrid sunflower seed production. The study indicated that significantly higher growth parameters viz., plant height (155.4 cm), leaf area (1293.10cm-2 ), leaf area index (0.69) and total dry matter accumulation (88.16 g plant-1 ) were recorded with SSNM for 1.2 tons ha-1 + Farm Yard Manure (FYM) as compared to recommended practice (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer 62.50:75:62.50 kg NPK ha-1 ). The application of fertilizers based on SSNM for a target yield of 1.2 t ha-1 + FYM resulted in significantly higher yield and yield attributes compared to the only application of RDF + FYM. The important yield parameters recorded that were significantly higher were viz., head diameter (19.89 cm) number of filled seeds per head (353.24), seed weight per plant (19.76 g), 1000 seed weight (43.72 g), hybrid seed yield (1003 kg ha-1 ).

scholarly journals Assesment of Correlation and Path Analyses for Yield and its Componant Traits in Soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Subhash Bijarania ◽  
Anil Pandey ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Monika Shahani ◽  
Digvijay Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Positive Direct

A study was conducted with an aim to understand character association and cause-effect relationship in Randomized Complete Block Design accommodating 30 genotypes randomly in three replicates. These genotypes evaluated for twenty-seven traits: five phenological, nine agro-morphological, eight physiological traits (from field trial) and five physiological traits (from laboratory experiment) recorded and subjected to statistical and biometrical analyses. Positive association of flowering traits (days to tubercles formation→ days to flower budding→ days to first flowering→ days to cessation) and uncorrelated with days to physiological maturity can be precisely utilized in selection. Late physiological maturity increases seedling dry weight, plant height, clusters and seeds per pod while reduces leaf area index, seed weight and dry matter efficiency. With an increase in primary branches corresponding more secondary branches, cluster/plant, seed weight and effective rainfall use efficiency noticed. Effective rainfall use efficiency positively correlated with primary branches, secondary branches, clusters/plant, germination relative index, seedling length, harvest index. Towards polygenic complex trait seed yield per plant had high positive correlation and highest positive direct effect of effective rainfall use efficiency and vigor index I considered as selection criteria.

scholarly journals Safflower genotype by plant density on yield and phenological characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 145-163
Author(s):  
O.G. Moatshe ◽  
V.E. Emongor ◽  
T.V. Balole ◽  
S.O. Tshwenyane
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Densities

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a temperate plant grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and is the most drought tolerant oilseed crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype and plant density on growth, phenology and yield of safflower. Treatments included five safflower genotypes and six plant densities laid out in a randomised block design. Increasing plant density from 62,500 to 100,000 plants ha-1 significantly (P < 0.05) increased leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), total leaf chlorophyll content (Tchl) and net assimilation rate (NAR) at all phenological stages in both winter and summer. For all genotypes, the highest LAI, LAD, Tchl, NAR, total dry matter accumulation (TDM) and seed yield resulted at a plant density of 100,000 plants ha-1. Maximum LAI, LAD, NAR and Tchl were observed at 50% flowering, compared to other phenological stages in all genotypes and plant densities. In general, genotype ‘Sina’ at 100,000 plants ha-1 significantly (P < 0.05) had the highest LAI, LAD, Tchl, TDM and seed yield compared to other genotypes and plant densities in both summer and winter.

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