scholarly journals Effect of Spatial-Temporal Light Competition on Cotton Yield and Yield Distribution

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2346
Author(s):  
Qingru Wang ◽  
Huanxuan Chen ◽  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Fangfang Xing ◽  
Zhanbiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Distribution

The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of crop canopy is highly related to yield formation, but how it relates to yield and yield distribution is not well understood. The focus of this study was to explore the relationship between light competition under different densities and yield distributions of cotton. The experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Anyang city, Henan Province, China. A randomized block design was employed, with a total of three repeats. Each repeat had six density treatments: D1: 15,000; D2: 33,000; D3: 51,000; D4: 69,000; D5: 87,000; and D6: 105,000 plants·ha−1. As predicted, the results showed that the canopy light interception, leaf area index, plant height, and biomass of high-density cotton were higher than those of low-density cotton. The aboveground biomass produced by D6 was the highest, and was 12.9, 19.5, 25.4, 46.3, and 69.2% higher in 2019 and 14.3, 19.9, 32.5, 53.7, and 109.9% higher in 2020 than D5, D4, D3, D2, and D1, respectively. Leaf area, plant height, biomass, boll number, and boll weight were significantly correlated with the light interception rate. D5 (87,000 plants·ha−1) had a higher light interception rate and the highest yield. The highest lint yields produced by D5 were 1673.5 and 1375.4 kg·ha−1 in two years, and was 3.2, 4.3, 5.6, 9.7, and 24.7% higher in 2019, and 6.8, 10.6, 13.5, 21.5, and 34.4% higher in 2020 than D6, D4, D3, D2, and D1, respectively. The boll retention of the lower fruit branch under D5 reached 0.51 and 0.57 in two years, respectively. The shedding rate of the upper fruit branch decreased with the increase in cotton density in two years. The boll retention rate and shedding rate in the lower part of cotton plants were most closely related to light interception, with R2 values of 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. Our study shows cotton yield could be improved through higher light interception by optimizing planting density and canopy structure.

scholarly journals Influence of Spiral Nematodes (Scutellonema spp.) on Maize Performance and Growth under Natural Field Infestation in Mwea, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samuel Maina ◽  
Rossa Nyoike Ng’endo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant food security crop in Kenya and it serves as the main source of nutrition and calories among the small-holder farmers. The overall maize yields per hectare have been fluctuating in the past few years posing a great risk to food security. Among the stress factors associated with maize yield loss include plant-feeding nematodes. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of plant-parasitic nematodes specifically Scutellonema spp. under field conditions on maize performance in Mwea, Kenya. The field trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with each treatment comprising of four replicates. The treatments included maize plots without nematicide (MPWN) and control plots treated with nematicide. The experiments were conducted in two trials. Soil samples were taken at a 0–20 cm depth at monthly intervals during 2018–2019. During the two trials, MPWN recorded significantly lower plant height and number of leaves per plant. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between Scutellonema abundance with leaf area index, plant height, and number of functional leaves in MPWN during the 2019 trial. This implies that high population of Scutellonema perhaps has the potential to affect leaf area index, plant height, number of leaves per plant, which are aspects that in turn influence maize productivity. Therefore, holistic sustainable management practices to control Scutellonema spp. in maize fields such as use of organic amendments, resistant maize cultivars, and antagonistic organisms are crucial in order to alleviate negative impacts linked to Scutellonema infestation.

scholarly journals Effect of Spacing and Nitrogen Level on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Mid hill of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Ramhari Gaire ◽  
Chudamani Pant ◽  
Nischal Sapkota ◽  
Rajan Dhamaniya ◽  
Tej Narayan Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Close Spacing

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to study the effect of spacing and nitrogen level on growth and yield of maize in Parbat from February to July, 2019. The experiment was laid out in two Factorial Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of spacing: 60×15 cm and 60×25 cm and nitrogen: 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha level as treatment with three replications. “Arun-2” variety of maize was planted on clay loam and acidic soil (pH 5.3) having medium in total nitrogen (0.15%), medium in soil available phosphorus (48.1 kg/ha), medium in soil available potassium (218.8 kg/ha) and medium in organic matter content (2.92%). Result shows that yield was significantly increased with increment in N-level up to 90 kg N/ha. The grain yield (5.18 mt/ha) was significantly higher at 90 kg N/ha than at 30 and 60 kg N/ha but at par with 120 kg N/ha. Significant effect on grain yield due to spacing was observed. The grain yield (4.11 mt/ha) obtained at spacing 60×15 cm. Moreover, the highest grain yield showed that highest grain yield (4.33 mt/ha) was obtained under 90 kg N/ha plus 60×15 cm spacing. The result revealed that different spacing and nitrogen level significantly affect the plant height and leaf area index. The plant height and leaf area index were significantly high at close spacing (60×15 cm) and at 120 kg N/ha. Likewise, yield attributing characteristics like cob length, cob diameter, number of kernel/rows, number of kernel row, thousand gran weight were the highest at 90 kg/ha but as par with 120 kg/ha at close spacing (60×15 cm). This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating “Arun-2” maize fertilizing with 90 kg N/ha and maintaining 60×15 cm spacing.

scholarly journals Components of the leaf area index of marandu palisadegrass swards subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Aparecida Giacomini ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Daniel Oliveira de Lucena Sarmento ◽  
Cauê Varesqui Zeferino ◽  
Júlio Kuhn da Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Early Return ◽  
Index Site

Leaf area index is the main sward characteristic related to the processes of light interception and competition in plant communities. The objective of this experiment was to quantify and evaluate the composition of the leaf area on tillers of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, from October/2004 to December/2005. Swards were grazed at 95 and 100% canopy light interception (LI) to post-grazing heights of 10 and 15 cm, following a 2 ' 2 factorial arrangement with four replications in a randomised complete block design. Estimates were made of sward leaf area index, site filling, specific leaf area and the dimensionless ratio between tiller leaf area and volume (R), as well as the relative contribution of basal and aerial tillers to these variables. In early spring, values of leaf area index and specific leaf area were low when compared to the other seasons, and swards grazed at 95% LI presented higher site filling and specific leaf area than those grazed at 100% LI. This resulted in higher tillering activity and increase in leaf area index in late spring, indicating quick recovery and early return of swards grazed at 95% LI to growing conditions. Aerial tillers corresponded to an important morphological adaptation of marandu palisadegrass to increase its competitive ability. Treatment 100/10 resulted in the highest and 95/15 in the lowest R values throughout the experiment, suggesting an allometric pattern of growth of tillers during regrowth in order to compensate low tiller population and optimise the leaf area index. Grazing management practices can benefit from this knowledge by promoting ideal sward conditions to maximise and accelerate growth.

scholarly journals Response of Some Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL) Hybrid Cultivars as Influenced by Argel (Solenostemmaargel, Del. Hayne) and Nitrogen Under Irrigation in Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Abubaker H. M. Adam ◽  
Abdalla Adam Hassam Mohamed ◽  
Faiza M. A. Magid ◽  
Bahar Eldeen Z. Abakar ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Area Index

A field experiment was conducted during 2017/2018 to assess the effects of Argel (Solenostemmaargel, Del. Hayne) and Nitrogen fertilizer on the performance of two Sunflower Hybrid cultivars, with the objectives to exploit an easy, economic, and accessible organic fertilizer, the Argel in the phase of the continuous increasing prices of chemical fertilizers.. This experiment was laid out on spilt-split-plot experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Observations were taken on some agronomic traits (Plant height (m), Leaf area (LA), leaf Number (NL), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Mean Seed Weight). The results revealed that the application of Argel and Nitrogen fertilizer have significantly increased the leaf Area (F= 7.22, P < 0.001), Plant Height (F=2.68, P < 0.2001), Leaf Number (F= 3.90, P < 0.0024), Leaf Area Index (F= 3.83, P < 0.0026) and Mean Seed Weight of both Serena and Opera cultivars respectively compared to the control. However, the different treatments of Argel and Nitrogen reflected variable degree of increase for the studied parameters. The study concludes that Argel is very promising, therefore a further study with different levels of Argel including other plant parameters is recommended.

scholarly journals The morphological and phenological performance of different cotton genotypes under different plant density

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2242-2248
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
A. P. Karunakar ◽  
Anil Nath ◽  
Bolta Ram Meena
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

The field experiment conducted with different plant density and different Genotypes showed significant differences in their morphological characters and phenological characters. Among the genotypes, AKA-7 possessed higher plant height (116.4 cm), No. of sympodia (19.27 plant-1) and leaf area index (3.628) compared to other geno-types but leaf area (33.02 dm-2) and dry matter weight (103.21g/plant) were recorded higher with genotype Balwan. However, Normal plant density (100%) was registered higher plant height (102.6 cm), no of sympodia (17.33 plant-1), leaf area (27.02 dm2) and dry matter weight (58.13 g/plant) but higher leaf area index (3.430) was recorded with higher plant density (200%). Among the genotypes, AKH-081 was comparatively earlier in phenological characters i.e. first square (47.9 days), first flower (67.9 days), first boll burst (116.1 days), first picking (128.7 days) and final picking (178 days). However, Higher planting density (200%) was recorded earlier in first square (49.3 day), first flower (67.8 days), first boll burst (116.9 days), first picking (130.6 day) and final picking (179.7 days). On the basis of this experiment, genotype Balwan and normal planting density level (100%) recorded higher morphological development wherever phenological development recorded earlier with the each respective phenophase in the Gen-otype AKH-081 and highest planting density level (200%).

scholarly journals Impact of variety and levels of nitrogen on the growth performance of HYV transplant Aman rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
SK Paul ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
KR Das ◽  
SMM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to December 2012 with a view to finding out the impact of variety and levels of nitrogen on the growth performance of transplant Aman rice. The experiment comprised four varieties viz. BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan39 and BRRI dhan46, and four levels of nitrogen viz. control (no urea), prilled urea (50 kg N ha-1), one pellet (0.9g) of USG/4 hills of two adjacent rows (30 kg N ha-1) was applied at 10 days after transplanting (DAT) and two pellets of USG (0.9g each) one applied at 10 DAT and the another at 45 DAT/4 hills of two adjacent rows (60 kg N ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results of the experiment showed that variety and levels of nitrogen had significant effect on plant height, number of tillers hill-1 and leaf area index (LAI) of HYV transplant Aman rice. At 15 and 75 DAT the tallest plant was found in BRRI dhan34 whereas at 30, 45 and 60 DAT the tallest plant was found in BRRI dhan39.  BRRI dhan34 produced higher number of tillers hill-1 at 75 DAT which was as good as BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan46 while BRRI dhan39 produced higher LAI in compare to other varieties at all sampling dates. Two pellets of USG (0.9g each) one applied at 10 DAT and the another at 45 DAT/4 hills of two adjacent rows (60 kg N ha-1) can produced tallest plant, higher number tillers hill-1 and higher LAI at all dates of sampling. Among the interaction BRRI dhan34 fertilized with two pellets of USG (0.9g each) one applied at 10 DAT and another at 45 DAT/4 hills of two adjacent rows (60 kg N ha-1) appears as the promising combination in respect of growth performance of HYV transplant Aman rice.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 32-38, 2016

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF FERTILIZATION TIME AND NITROGEN DOSAGE ON PEANUT PLANT (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Sagung Putri Risa Andriani ◽  
I Nengah Suaria ◽  
I Wayan Yudiana ◽  
Yohanes Parlindungan Situmeang ◽  
Anak Agung Ngurah Mayun Wirajaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of treatment of fertilization time and dosage of nitrogen to the growth and yield of peanut plants. This experiment is a two-factor experiment with incomplete randomized block design. The first factor is the time (S) of fertilizer consisting of three levels: During planting (S0), 15 days after planting (S1), 30 days after planting (S2), The second factor is the dosage of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer consisting of three levels: 25 kg/ha (N1), 50 kg/ha (N2). The results showed that treatment of fertilization time and a dose of nitrogen showed no significant effect on plant height, maximum leaf number, leaf area index, the total pod containing, total void pod, total pod number, oven dry weight of oven plants, and harvesting index. The interaction of nitrogen dose with a time of fertilization gave a very real effect to most observed variables except for maximum plant height, maximum leaf number, leaf area, harvest index that is not significant. The high dry weight of seed oven per plant was obtained at the fertilizer interaction treatment at 15 days after planting and the dose of nitrogen 25 kg/ha was 30.33 g and or increased by 152.75% and when compared with the control of 12.00 g. From a result of regression analysis got an optimum dose of nitrogen fertilizer that is 34.15 kg/ha with the dry weight of oven seeds per plant maximum 26.73 g. Keywords: Fertilization time, nitrogen dosage, peanut result

scholarly journals Sowing Time of Sweet Corn in Summer Season in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Antônio A. N. Franco ◽  
Pedro S. Vidigal Filho ◽  
Carlos A. Scapim ◽  
Ricardo S. Okumura ◽  
Alberto Y. Numoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index

The aims of study were to evaluate the effect of sowing time in summer season on agronomic characteristics of sweet corn grown in summer season in Northwest Paran&aacute;, Brazil. The experiments were conducted in 2011, and 2012, in both years, the sowing was carried out on ST1: 09/05; ST2: 09/19; ST3: 10/03; ST4: 10/17, and ST5: 10/31. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 5 &times; 2 factorial scheme, consisting of sowing time and two corn hybrids, with four replicates. The evaluated variables were plant height, leaf area index and yield of commercial ears, in which the effects of sowing times were studied through regression analysis, and effects of hybrids and agricultural years were studied by F-test. Sowing times promoted reductions in phenology of hybrids, but did not provide variations in degree-days accumulation by hybrids. The maximum leaf area index (3.82) was estimated for 10/04. In year 2011, the maximum plant height (2.17 m) and yield (13.0 Mg ha-1) were estimated for 10/06, and 10/03, respectively. While, in year 2012, the maximum height (2.22 m) and yield (12.85 Mg ha-1) were obtained on 10/09 and 10/11, respectively. The hybrid RB6324 showed greater yield potential, independent of year.

Effect of leaflet size and number on agronomic and physiological traits of mungbean

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
S. SRIPHADET ◽  
P. KASEMSAP ◽  
P. SRINIVES
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Leaflet Number ◽  
Pure Lines

SUMMARYThe current work was designed to compare 13 agronomic and four physiological traits in mungbean isogenic lines (ILs) with different leaflet sizes and numbers. The IL population was developed from a cross made in 2006 at Kasetsart University, Thailand, between two pure lines (one with five small and the other with seven large leaflets), followed by continuous selfing of the progenies until F6. The resulting four IL families each exhibited seven leaflet types, viz. three normal-sized leaflets per leaf, seven large leaflets, nine large, five small, seven small, nine small or 11 small. A trial was conducted in 2008 to compare the 28 ILs using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The large multiple-leaflet lines gave higher values for seeds/pod, pod size, seed weight, seed yield, leaf area, leaf area index and proportion of light interception, but fewer clusters of pods, branches and pods per plant than the small multiple-leaflet ILs. Seed yield/plant was positively correlated with pods/plant, seeds/pod, mean seed weight, light interception, leaf area and plant height at maturity. Leaflet size showed association with more traits than did leaflet number.

scholarly journals Physiological and nutritional significance of potassium application under sole and intercropped maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aftab Ahmed ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Samina Aftab ◽  
John Kwame Titriku ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Strip Intercropping

Highlights - Potassium nutrient management in maize-soybean strip intercropping can increase the resource use efficiency. - Compared to the T0 (no potassium), T2 (80 kg ha–1 on maize) application increases the light interception and leaf area index of maize by 17% and 38% respectively. - Regression analysis reveals a positive relationship between physiological parameters measured at R2 and at R6 growth stages in maize under maize-soybean strip intercropping. - High K2O (80 kg ha–1) inputs enhanced the partitioning of biomass production in maize. - Overall, the optimum K2O application increased the maize yield by 16% under maize-soybean strip intercropping system relative to control.   Globally, maize is an essential food and fodder crop. Fertilisers, as soil amendments, particularly K2O, could increase maize yields. A Two-year field research was designed in 2018- 2019 to examine the influence of three-potassium fertiliser applications on maize-soybean strip intercropping and sole-maize yield components. A Randomized complete block design with three replications was used, and one of three K2O doses (T0, 0; T1, 40:30; T2, 80:60 kg ha–1) was given in each plot. The effects K2O treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic active radiation, leaf area index, total biomass accumulation, and seed yield were investigated at V6, R2, R4, and R6. Compared to T0, maize-soybean strip intercropping system and sole-maize results showed T2 maize enhanced the light interception by 14, 26, 15, and 17% at V6, R2, R4, and R6 respectively. Maize increased the partitioning of biomass to cob and seed by 8 and 10% at R6, respectively in T2, relative to T0 treatment. T2 showed a higher green leaf area than T0; K2O applications led to an enhancement in leaf area index at R6 by 38%, under T2, and subsequently increased the photosynthetic rate at R4 and R6 by 8% and 6% respectively, in both years of the study. These results suggest that we may increase the accumulation of biomass and the yield of the maize seed under maize-soybean strip intercropping system and sole-maize by optimum K application in maize plants.

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