Isolation, purification and identification of the active compound of turmeric and its potential application to control cucumber powdery mildew

AbstractCucumber powdery mildew is a destructive foliar disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii (formerly known as Sphaerotheca fuliginea) that substantially damages the yield and quality of crops. The control of this disease primarily involves the use of chemical pesticides that cause serious environmental problems. Currently, numerous studies have indicated that some plant extracts or products potentially have the ability to act as natural pesticides to control plant diseases. It has been reported that turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and its extract can be used in agriculture due to their insecticidal and fungicidal properties. However, the most effective fungicidal component of this plant is still unknown. In the current study, the crude extract of C. longa L. was found to have a fungicidal effect against P. xanthii. Afterwards, eight fractions (Fr.1–Fr.8) were gradually separated from the crude extract by column chromatography. Fraction 1 had the highest fungicidal effect against this pathogen among the eight fractions. The active compound, (+)-(S)-ar-turmerone, was separated from Fr 1 by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and identified based on its 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectrum data. The EC50 value of (+)-(S)-ar-turmerone was found to be 28.7 µg/ml. The compound also proved to have a curative effect. This is the first study to report that the compound (+)-(S)-ar-turmerone has an effect on controlling this disease. These results provide a basis for developing a new phytochemical fungicide from C. longa L. extract.

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Oil Adjuvants Enhance the Efficacy of Pyraclostrobin in Managing Cucumber Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) by Modifying the Affinity of Fungicide Droplets on Diseased Leaves

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-18-1606-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (7) ◽

pp. 1657-1664

Author(s):

Lifei He ◽

Xiaoxu Li ◽

Yangyang Gao ◽

Beixing Li ◽

Wei Mu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Contact Angle ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Work Of Adhesion ◽

Podosphaera Xanthii ◽

Effective Strategy ◽

Cucumber Powdery Mildew ◽

Fungicide Mixtures

Adding adjuvants improved the affinity of fungicide droplets to cucumber leaves infected with powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) and subsequent efficacy of fungicide treatments in reducing the disease. The affinity of oil adjuvants was quantified by adhesional tension and “work of adhesion”. Oil adjuvant-fungicide mixtures were applied to plants in field experiments to evaluate their effectiveness in disease prevention. Both the adhesional tension and work of adhesion of the adjuvants at selected concentrations increased on powdery-mildew-infected cucumber leaves more than on healthy cucumber leaves. The adjuvant GY-Tmax (GYT) displayed the best surface activity or “surfactivity” in enhancing the affinity and adherence of droplets to powdery-mildew-infected cucumber leaves, while epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), methyl oleate, and biodiesel exhibited much lower effects in terms of the surface tension, contact angle, adhesional tension, and work of adhesion. Field experiments determined that the combination of GYT at 1,000 mg liter−1 and pyraclostrobin (150 g a.i. ha−1) was most effective (91.52%) in controlling cucumber powdery mildew. Pyraclostrobin with ESO was also highly effective (ranging from 77.54 to 89.65%). The addition of oil adjuvants, especially GYT and ESO, to fungicide applications can be an effective strategy to enhance the efficacy of pesticides in controlling plant diseases by modifying the affinity of fungicide droplets to symptomatic leaves.

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Role of hydrogen peroxide and Pharmaplant-turbo against cucumber powdery mildew fungus under organic and inorganic production

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/14/3/801 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y. M. Hafez ◽

Y. A. Bayoumi ◽

Z. Pap ◽

N. Kappel

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Antifungal Compound ◽

Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽

Cucumber Powdery Mildew

Cucumber leaves have been sprayed with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (H202) or Pharmaplant-turbo combined with organic or inorganic fertilizers under plasic house. Under the influence of H202, leaves exhibited resistant against Podoshaera fusca fungus, the causal agent of cucumber powdery mildew. H202 (15 mM) was able to decrease the disease severity from 90.4% to 12% in two experiments conducted in two seasons. Pharmaplant-turbo (Turbo) is new chemical compound and used as an antifungal compound. Turbo in 1 ml/L was able to decrease the disease severity from 90.4% to 11.5% in the both experiments as well. Both of H202 and Turbo were combined with organic treatment (compost + compost tea + seaweed extracts) which showed significant effect against cucumber powdery mildew fungus and strongly suppressed it as compared to control leaves. Organic treatment produced higher vegetative growth characters and greater early and total yields as compared to inorganic treatment, also organic fruits produced the lower nitrate content and the higher ascorbic acid content as compared to inorganic fruits. Our study have indicated that, H202 and Turbo combined with organic fertilizers play a role in the resistance of cucumber against powdery mildew by decreasing the disease severity. We suggest to give more attention to the direct application of H202 in low concentration and Turbo against powdery mildew diseases and other plant diseases.

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Decreased sensitivity of cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) to ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors.

Japanese Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.3186/jjphytopath.54.629 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 629-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Norio OHTSUKA ◽

Kazuhiro SOU ◽

Tetsuo AMANO ◽

Masahiro OJIMA ◽

Yasuhiko NAKAZAWA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽

Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽

Cucumber Powdery Mildew ◽

Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽

Biosynthesis Inhibitors

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Nanotechnology as a Smart Way to Promote the Growth of Plants and Control Plant Diseases

10.1002/9781119745884.ch1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Heba Mahmoud Mohammad Abdel‐Aziz ◽

Mohammed Nagib Abdel‐ghany Hasaneen

Keyword(s):

Control Plant ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

And Control

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Microbial Biocontrol as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides: Boundaries between Pre- and Postharvest Applications on Vegetables and Fruits

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7020060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽

Severino Zara ◽

Fabio Fracchetti ◽

Vittorio Capozzi ◽

Tiziana Nardi

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Control Plant ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Crucial Point ◽

Production Chain ◽

Vegetables And Fruits ◽

And Storage

From a ‘farm to fork’ perspective, there are several phases in the production chain of fruits and vegetables in which undesired microbial contaminations can attack foodstuff. In managing these diseases, harvest is a crucial point for shifting the intervention criteria. While in preharvest, pest management consists of tailored agricultural practices, in postharvest, the contaminations are treated using specific (bio)technological approaches (physical, chemical, biological). Some issues connect the ‘pre’ and ‘post’, aligning some problems and possible solution. The colonisation of undesired microorganisms in preharvest can affect the postharvest quality, influencing crop production, yield and storage. Postharvest practices can ‘amplify’ the contamination, favouring microbial spread and provoking injures of the product, which can sustain microbial growth. In this context, microbial biocontrol is a biological strategy receiving increasing interest as sustainable innovation. Microbial-based biotools can find application both to control plant diseases and to reduce contaminations on the product, and therefore, can be considered biocontrol solutions in preharvest or in postharvest. Numerous microbial antagonists (fungi, yeasts and bacteria) can be used in the field and during storage, as reported by laboratory and industrial-scale studies. This review aims to examine the main microbial-based tools potentially representing sustainable bioprotective biotechnologies, focusing on the biotools that overtake the boundaries between pre- and postharvest applications protecting quality against microbial decay.

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The Use of Essential Oils from Thyme, Sage and Peppermint against Colletotrichum acutatum

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Armina Morkeliūnė ◽

Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽

Lina Šernaitė ◽

Alma Valiuškaitė

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Control Plant ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Biological Protection

The Colletotrichum spp. is a significant strawberry pathogen causing yield losses of up to 50%. The most common method to control plant diseases is through the use of chemical fungicides. The findings of plants antimicrobial activities, low toxicity, and biodegradability of essential oils (EO), make them suitable for biological protection against fungal pathogens. The aim is to evaluate the inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum by thyme, sage, and peppermint EO in vitro on detached strawberry leaves and determine EO chemical composition. Our results revealed that the dominant compound of thyme was thymol 41.35%, peppermint: menthone 44.56%, sage: α,β-thujone 34.45%, and camphor: 20.46%. Thyme EO inhibited C. acutatum completely above 200 μL L−1 concentration in vitro. Peppermint and sage EO reduced mycelial growth of C. acutatum. In addition, in vitro, results are promising for biological control. The detached strawberry leaves experiments showed that disease reduction 4 days after inoculation was 15.8% at 1000 μL L−1 of peppermint EO and 5.3% at 800 μL L−1 of thyme compared with control. Our findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum; however, the detached strawberry leaves assay showed that EO efficacy was relatively low on tested concentrations and should be increased.

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A Substance Isolated from Cornus officinalis Enhances the Motility of Human Sperm

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x97000330 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 25 (03n04) ◽

pp. 301-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hellen Jeng ◽

Chao Mei Wu ◽

Shuen-Jiing Su ◽

Wen-Chang Chang

Keyword(s):

Sperm Motility ◽

Crude Extract ◽

High Performance ◽

Chinese Herb ◽

Human Sperm ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Dried Fruits ◽

Sperm Analysis ◽

Cornus Officinalis ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

The effects of a Chinese herb, Cornus officinalis, on the motility of human sperm was studied. An aqueous extract was prepared from the dried fruits of the herb and used in this study. The crude extract at a final concentration of 0.5 μg/μl in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) increased sperm motility from 25.8 ± 7.7% to 42.8 ± 10.3% (i.e. 68% increase, n = 7), as determined by the computer-aided-sperm-analysis (CASA) method. The crude extract was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into four fractions: Cl , C2, C3 and C4. Their effects on sperm motility were further studied by CASA. Only the C4 fraction showed substantial stimulatory effects on sperm motility. At a concentration of 5 ng/μl, C4 increased the sperm motility from 15.7 ± 3.8% to 34.5 ± 6.4% (i.e. 120% increase, n = 6) by CASA and from 14.9 ± 4.3 to 28.5 ± 8.1 (i.e. 91% increase, n = 8) by transmembrane migration ratio (TMMR) method. This result suggests that C4 is the active component in Cornus officinalis that enhances sperm motility.

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GROWTH INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF THE RHIZOME CRUDE EXTRACT OF Curcuma longa ON THE HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGUS Mucor circinelloides

10.18173/2354-1059.2020-0051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 82-91

Author(s):

Phuong Nguyen Anh ◽

Mai Le Thi Tuyet ◽

Trung Trieu Anh

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Early Stage ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Mucor Circinelloides ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method

Mucormycosis is an uncommon but life-threatening invasive fungal infection, mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Lacking the appropriate antifungal drugs is one of the reasons that lead to difficulties in the management of mucormycosis. Curcuma longa has been used traditionally and widely to treat various diseases, including fungal infections. In the search for novel antifungal compounds from natural resources, we evaluated the effect of rhizome crude extract of C. longa on Mucor circinelloides – a causal agent of mucormycosis. The results of screening, using broth dilution method and agar-well diffusion method, showed that the C. longa extract exhibited promising antifungal activity against the fungus M. circinelloides. In liquid medium, C. longa extract decreased the ability of spore germination and the speed of hyphae formation of M. circinelloides decreased by up to approximately 70% and 90%, respectively. Besides, in a solid medium, the crude extract presented similar activity with amphotericin B (400 μg\mL) in decreasing the growth of M. circinelloides by nearly 77%. Moreover, the extract of C. longa also likely to induce the yeast-like type of growth of the dimorphic M. circinelloides in the early stage. These results suggest the plant could be a potential source for further study on biochemical components and the mechanism of its antifungal activity.

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