Partial replacement of nitrogen fertilization with legumes in tropical pasture overseeded with temperate species for the production of steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 628-635
Author(s):  
G. R. Schmitz ◽  
W. Paris ◽  
R. R. Biesek ◽  
O. A. D. Costa ◽  
R. D. Mafioletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Total Study Period

AbstractUsing legumes in forage mixes can help decrease the use of nitrogen fertilizers and possibly increase the nutritive value of pasture. The aim of the current study was to determine animal production and behavioural and ingestion parameters by evaluating the production and nutritive value of Aruana grass (Panicum maximum ‘Aruana’) intercropped with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi ‘Amarillo’) or fertilized with nitrogen. The treatments were N200 (200 kg N/ha per season – summer and winter), 100N + PE (100 kg N/ha per season plus pasture mixture with forage peanut) and N100 (100 kg N/ha per season). The presence of forage peanut in the pasture did not replace nitrogen fertilization as the pasture fertilized with 200 kg of nitrogen had a greater leaf/stem ratio (0.66 v. 0.54), stocking rate (2600 v. 2290 kg live weight/ha), average daily gain (0.880 v. 0.700 kg/day) and live weight gain (LWG) (652 v. 468 kg/ha) during summer. During winter, no effect of increased nitrogen fertilization on pasture and animal production was observed. In the total study period (summer + winter), a greater LWG (897 v. 741 kg/ha) occurred when a higher quantity of nitrogen (N200) was placed in the pasture compared to the insertion of forage peanuts in the system.

scholarly journals White lupin bran and its effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestibility of nutrients in fattening rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Uhlířová ◽  
Zdeněk Volek ◽  
Milan Marounek
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

<p>The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of including white lupin bran (WLB) in a fattening rabbit diet on growth, carcass traits and nutrient digestibility. The C diet (control) based on alfalfa meal, whereas the WLB 5 and WLB 15 diets were based on white lupin bran (crude protein 152 g/kg, neutral detergent fibre 524 g/kg as-fed basis). The WLB 5 diet contained 50 g of white lupin bran/kg instead of 50 g of alfalfa meal/kg, whereas the WLB 15 diet contained 150 g of white lupin bran/kg, 5 g of soybean meal/kg and 10 g of sugar beet pulp/kg instead of 165 g of alfalfa meal/kg. The diets had similar digestible protein/digestible energy ratios. A total of 150 Hyplus rabbits between the ages of 30 to 73 d were randomly allocated into one of 3 groups and fed one of the 3 experimental diets. Additionally, another 30 Hyplus rabbits (10 per dietary treatment) at the age of 30 d were selected to determine coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of diets between 63 and 67 d of age. The dietary treatments did not affect the final live weight of rabbits (mean=2969 g). There was a higher feed intake (+30 g/d; P&lt;0.001) in both groups of rabbits fed the WLB 5 and WLB 15 diets compared to rabbits fed the C diet, which led to impaired feed conversion ratios (P&lt;0.001). Sanitary risk index was not affected by dietary treatment. The rabbits fed the WLB 15 diet exhibited a higher drip loss percentage (+0.65%; P&lt;0.001) than the rabbits fed the other diets, as well as a lower dressing-out percentage (by 1.6%; P=0.024). The CTTAD of the lignocellulose fraction (acid detergent fibre) was significantly higher in rabbits fed the WLB 5 and WLB 15 diets than in those fed the C diet. White lupin bran may be used as a dietary fibrous by-product without significant impairment of the nutritive value of the diet. This lupin by-product can be included in diets for fattening rabbits up to 15% as a partial replacement of alfalfa meal.</p>

scholarly journals Animal Performance with and without Supplements in Mombaça Guinea Grass Pastures during Dry Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itânia Maria Medeiros de Araújo ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides ◽  
Denise Baptaglin Montagner ◽  
Rodrigo Da Costa Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Energy Supplementation

The objectives were to: 1) evaluate the potential of the animal performance on Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça (mombaça guinea grass) pasture during dry season, and 2) determine the effects of protein or protein-energy supplementation on liveweight gain of steers grazing guinea grass pasture. A complete randomized block design was employed with three treatments and three replicates. Treatments included non-supplemented animals (NS) and animals supplemented with protein (PS) or protein-energy (PES), provided at 0.15% or 0.6% of body weight for 115 days, during dry period. We used 36 weaned calves from initial bodyweigh (LW) of 192 kg (±5 kg) on nine plots of mombaça guinea grass (1.25 ha each). Each month, animals were weighed and pastures sampled to estimate forage characteristics. The average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P = 0.0001) for cattle fed supplement than for cattle fed no supplement (250 g steer-1), and greater for protein-energy supplement (770 g steer-1) than for protein supplement (460 g steer-1). Mombaça guinea grass pastures with 45 cm height at the end of the wet season have enough forage mass for maintenance throughout the dry season about 1.4 AU ha-1 (AU = 450 kg BW), and reasonable nutritive value (average of 8,1% of crude protein and 55,3% of in vitro organic matter digestibility) to provide small gains. Considering the nutritive value of Mombaça guinea grass during the dry period, protein and energy supplementation is required for weaned calves to optimize their performance.

Steer performance on Panicum maximum (cv. Mombaça) pastures under two grazing intensities

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides ◽  
Flávia da Conceição Lopes ◽  
Domicio do Nascimento Junior ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to evaluate animal performance in Mombaça guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures under intermittent grazing associated with two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm) and a pre-grazing height of 90 cm. A completely randomised block experimental design was employed, with two treatments and three replicates. The pastures were evaluated pre- and post-grazing grazing, to determine the herbage mass, percentage of leaf, stem and dead material and nutritive value. The stocking rate (expressed in animal unit, AU = 450 kg liveweight) was adjusted twice a week, and the animals were weighed every 28 days. The average grazing frequencies were 33 and 40 days, respectively, for 50 cm and 30 cm of residue pastures to reach the pre-grazing target (90 cm). The forage accumulation rate and pre-grazing herbage mass were similar for pastures with post-grazing heights of 30 and 50 cm. However, 50 cm of residue in the pasture resulted in greater pre-grazing leaf percentage and nutritive value and a lower percentage of dead material than did 30 cm of residue, and, consequently, a greater herbage intake (2.6 and 2.0 kg of dry matter/100 kg liveweight, respectively). The stocking rate was greater in the pastures with 30 cm of residue (6.7 AU/ ha) than in those with 50 cm (5.1 AU/ha). However, the average daily gain was greater for the 50-cm (655 g/steer.day) than for the 30-cm (390 g/steer.day) post-grazing height, resulting in a greater animal production of 1070 versus 635 kg/ha, respectively. Thus, under intermittent grazing, Mombaça guineagrass should be managed using a 50-cm post-grazing height.

Effects of veld fertilization on herbage chemical composition and beef cattle production

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Cilliers ◽  
H. J. van der Merwe ◽  
L. M. Vermaak ◽  
J. J. Jaarsma ◽  
D. Oosthuysen
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractThe effects of fertilization (100 kg nitrogen plus 10kg phosphorus per ha per year) of Cymbopogon-Themeda veld on certain chemical components in vitro dry-matter digestibility (IVDMD), intake by either lactating cows or steers as well as daily gain of pre-weaned calves or steers, were determined in the summer rainfall area of the Republic of South Africa.The nutritive value of fertilized veld herbage was, in terms of crude protein and acid-detergent fibre content, IVDMD and herbage intake, superior to that of unfertilized veld. Species, classified as palatable according to the literature, were more abundant on the fertilized veld than on the unfertilized veld. In spite of the fact that the stocking rate on the fertilized veld was double that of the unfertilized veld, the average daily gain (ADG) of steers on the former was higher than that of steers on the latter. There was no significant difference in the ADG of the pre-weaned calves, whose dams grazed either fertilized or unfertilized veld. It was calculated that the fertilization of veld for growing steers can (under the conditions that prevailed) be a financially viable proposition if the beef price per kg live weight amounts to at least 0·65% of the cost of fertilization per ha.

Factors affecting biomass production and nutritive value of Calliandra calothyrsus leaf as fodder for ruminants

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. TUWEI ◽  
J. N. N. KANG'ARA ◽  
I. MUELLER-HARVEY ◽  
J. POOLE ◽  
F. K. NGUGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Cutting Frequency

Calliandra calothyrsus is a tree legume native to Mexico and Central America. The species has attracted considerable attention for its capacity to produce both fuelwood and foliage for either green manure or fodder. Its high content of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) and associated low digestibility has, however, limited its use as a feed for ruminants, and there is also a widespread perception that wilting the leaves further reduces their nutritive value. Nevertheless, there has been increasing uptake of calliandra as fodder in certain regions, notably the Central Highlands of Kenya. The present study, conducted in Embu, Kenya, investigated effects of provenance, wilting, cutting frequency and seasonal variation both in the laboratory (in vitro digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, extractable and bound proanthocyanidins) and in on-station animal production trials with growing lambs and lactating goats. The local Kenyan landrace of calliandra (Embu) and a closely-related Guatemalan provenance (Patulul) were found to be significantly different, and superior, to a provenance from Nicaragua (San Ramón) in most of the laboratory traits measured, as well as in animal production and feed efficiency. Cutting frequency had no important effect on quality; and although all quality traits displayed seasonal variation there was little discernible pattern to this variation. Wilting had a much less negative effect than expected, and for lambs fed calliandra as a supplement to a low quality basal feed (maize stover), wilting was actually found to give higher live-weight gain and feed efficiency. Conversely, with a high quality basal diet (Napier grass) wilting enhanced intake but not live-weight gain, so feed efficiency was greater for fresh material. The difference between fresh and wilted leaves was not great enough to justify the current widespread recommendation that calliandra should always be fed fresh.

Decline in plant and animal production from ageing pastures of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume)

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Robbins ◽  
J. J. Bushell ◽  
K. L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Grass Litter ◽  
Productivity Decline ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Shoots

SummaryThe impact of age on the productivity of sown pastures of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume cv. Petrie) growing on black earth soil in south-east Queensland was measured from 1976 to 1981. During winter and spring, weaner steers grazed at 2·4 animals/ha on summer-spelled pastures which, in each year, were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years old. Pastures were given 58 kg N/ha as urea each year. Live-weight gain averaged 74 kg/head on 1-year-old pasture but only 35 kg/head on 5-year-old pasture, with most of the reduction in weight gain in winter (June to August) occurring up to age 3 years, and with most of the reduction in spring (September to November) occurring for pastures older than 3 years.The decline in animal production was not caused by changes in species composition of the pasture. Rather, weight gain on older pastures was restricted by pasture quality in winter and by reduced pasture growth in spring, but not by presentation dry-matter yield. The decrease in pasture productivity seemed to be primarily due to reductions in available soil mineral N with age, since the N concentration of plant shoots decreased as a pasture aged. Tt is postulated that the immobilization of N in decomposing grass litter is a primary cause of productivity decline in ageing pastures.

scholarly journals Grazing management strategies for massaigrass-forage peanut pastures: 3. definition of sward targets and carrying capacity

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mauricio Soares de Andrade ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Judson Ferreira Valentim ◽  
Odilon Gomes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Definition Of

This study was carried out to define sward management targets for mixed Massaigrass (Panicum maximum x P. infestum, cv. Massai) and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Ac 01) pastures in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Seasonal variation in the pasture carrying capacity was also analyzed. Pastures were intermittently stocked at three daily herbage allowance levels (9.0, 14.5 and 18.4% of live weight) from October 2002 to December 2003. Sward targets were defined in terms of the sward condition that best conciliated the grass-legume balance, the maintenance of the structure of Massaigrass tussocks and the equilibrium between forage production and utilization. For the Western Brazilian Amazon conditions, the following sward management targets can be recommended for mixed Massaigrass and forage peanut pastures under intermittent stocking: pre-grazing height ranging from 50-55 cm (June to September) to 65-70 cm (October to May), and post-grazing height from 30-35 cm (June to September) to 35-40 cm (October to May). Annual carrying capacity of this mixed pasture in 2003 was 2.7 AU/ha. The average carrying capacity during the dry season (1.8 AU/ha) was 50% lower than that observed during the rainy season (3.6 AU/ha).

scholarly journals Animal performance and sward characteristics of Mombaça guineagrass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane A.F. Alvarenga ◽  
Valéria P.B. Euclides ◽  
Denise B. Montagner ◽  
André F. Sbrissia ◽  
Rodrigo A. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this work was to compare grazing management practices of Mombaça guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) based on the sward incident light interception (LI) concept. We tested, when the regrowth period in rotationally stocked Mombaça guineagrass ended, if LI (90 or 95%) affected forage accumulation, sward characteristics and animal performance. Both treatments had a common post-grazing canopy height of 50 cm and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Pastures were sampled pre- and post-grazing to determine forage mass, morphological composition and forage accumulation rate (FAR). Nutritive value (NV) was estimated in pre-grazing samples. Stocking rate was adjusted twice a week, and animals were weighed every 28 days. Pre-grazing conditions of 90 and 95% LI were reached at pasture heights of approximately 80 and 90 cm, respectively. FAR, sward structure and NV were similar for pastures grazed at 90 and 95% LI. Consequently, stocking rate, average daily gain and liveweight gain/ha were similar for both LI treatments. Data suggest that Mombaça guineagrass can be grazed at pre-grazing heights of 80–90 cm (90–95% LI) without compromising pasture structure and animal performance provided moderate defoliation severity is employed. Further testing of this grazing strategy over longer periods should be carried out with this species as well as other tropical grasses.

scholarly journals Optimisation de l'utilisation du Panicum maximum C1 Aeschynomene histrix, Stylosanthès hamata et, Arachis pintoï sur les performances zootechniques des lapins

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1633-1645
Author(s):  
Youssoufou Sana ◽  
Jacob Sanou ◽  
Salam Richard Kondombo ◽  
Louis Sawadogo ◽  
Chantal Kabore-Zoungrana
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Livestock Development

Au Burkina Faso l’alimentation des animaux pendant la saison sèche constitue le premier contraint du développement de l’élevage. Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer l’effet d’une alimentation à base de Panicum maximum C1, Aeschynomene histrix, Stylosanthès hamata, Arachis pintoï sur les performances zootechniques des lapins. Le dispositif expérimental a été réalisé sur la Station de Recherche de Farako-Bâ. Au total, neuf (9) lapins mâles (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) âgés de dix (10) semaines et pesant en moyenne (790 ± 39,04g) chacun, ont été répartis dans 3 cages de volume: 42 cm x 63 cm x 39 cm soit un volume de 103194 cm3 chacune. Ces lapins ont été répartis en trois (3) lots de trois (3) lapins chacun. Les lots ont reçu les rations suivantes: la ration1du lot1(R1L1) était composée de l’aliment Panicum maximum C1, Aeschynomene histrix ; la ration 2 (R2L2), Panicum maximum C1, Stylosanthès hamata et la ration 3 (R3L3), Panicum maximum C1, Arachis pintoï. A chaque ration on a ajouté du son de maïs et de riz et du sel. Les lapins nourris à la ration R3L3, ont eu un gain moyen journalier de 9,13±4,33 g/j contre 8,51±2,22g/j pour R1L1 8,90±3,33g/j pour R2L2. Une différence non significative (p > 0,05) est observée entre les trois rations. La ration R3L3 donne de bonnes performances zootechniques et constitue un atout économique pour les cunicultures.Mots clés : lapins, rations, gain moyen quotidien, alimentation   English title: Optimization of the use of Panicum maximum C1 and Aeschynomene histrix, Stylosanthes hamata and, Arachis pintoï on the zootechnical performance of rabbitsIn Burkina Faso feeding animals during the dry season is the main constraint on livestock development. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a diet based on Panicum maximum C1, Aeschynomene histrix, Stylosanthès hamata, and Arachis pintoï on the zootechnical performance of rabbits. The experimental device was carried out at the Farako-Bâ Research Station. A total of nine (9) male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) aged ten (10) weeks and weighing on average (790 ±39,04g) each, were distributed in three volume cages: 42 cm x 63 cm x 39 cm, each having a volume of 103194 cm3. These rabbits were divided into three (3) lots of three (3) rabbits each. The lots received the following rations: ration1 of Lot 1(R1L1) consisted of the food Panicum maximum C1 and Aeschynomene histrix; ration 2 (R2L2), Panicum maximum C1 and Stylosanthès hamata and ration 3 (R3L3), Panicum maximum C1, Arachis pintoï. Corn and rice bran and salt was added to each ration. Rabbits fed R3L3, had an average daily gain of 9,13±4,33 g/d compared to 8,51±2,22g/d for R1L1 and 8,90±3,33g/d for R2L2. There was no difference between the three rations (p > 0.05) but the R3L3 ration provides good zootechnical performance and is an economic asset for cuniculture.Keywords: Rabbits, rations, average daily gain, feed.

scholarly journals The effect of residual nitrogen fertilization on the yield components, forage quality, and performance of beef cattle fed on Mombaça grass

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-308
Author(s):  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
Denise Baptaglin Montagner ◽  
Alexandre Romeiro de Araujo ◽  
Valeria Pacheco Batista Euclides
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual nitrogen (N) on pastures of Mombaça grass and its impact on pasture structure and the nutritive value and performance of beef cattle. The experiment analyzed randomized blocks subdivided into plots, with three replications. The research focused on a number of pastures having received three annual doses of N (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) from 2015 to 2017, with no N fertilization in 2018. The results indicated that pastures under residual effect of 300 kg ha-1 of N were characterized by higher (P<0.05) rates of forage accumulation than those under the residual effect of 100 kg ha-1 N. Furthermore, this study indicated no effect (P>0.05) on the pasture nutritive value and average daily gain (0.490 kg day-1). The stocking rate was higher (P<0.05) in pastures under the residual effect of 300 kg ha-1 of N, and lower in those at 100 kg ha-1 of N, while weight gain per area followed the trend observed in the stocking rate. The results thus suggest that the suspension of N fertilization for one year after three years of sequential fertilization was responsible for an immediate loss of 50 and 55% of the productivity of plants and animals, respectively. Highlights: Fundamental nitrogen fertilization to ensure pasture productivity. The use of nitrogen fertilization has been limited by cost, due to the extension of the areas involved and the need for frequent applications. We suspended nitrogen fertilization for one year after using the same doses of nitrogen for three years in order to evaluate a possible residual effect on plant and animal production. Suspending the N fertilization of Mombaça grass for one year after three years of sequential fertilization with the same doses leaves a residual effect on the pasture structure and performance of beef cattle. The suspension of nitrogen fertilization reduces the rate of forage accumulation by an average of 50%, causing a 55% reduction in animal productivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document